نشریه مطالعات قدرت نرم
پیاپی 25 (تابستان 1400)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the theoretical foundations of the International Semantic System of Islam (ISSI) considering the concept of "Soft Power". such a system has the capacity to and analyze global phenomena; For example, War, Power in its hard or soft forms. The question of the present study is, what is the position of the Soft Power in the semantic system of Islamic international relations?" The research hypothesis is that "the position of soft power is, in the foundations of attitude, ontological teachings and the epistemological system of Islam, which rely mainly on the elements of Soft Power. By applying Sadr's systematization method and presenting the elements of the Islamic system, it is clear that the concept of soft power is located in four levels:Especially in the foundations of the ISSI and the semantic system has been transferred to other layers as well and the four principles of "methodology", "ontology", "epistemology" and "anthropology" of this system are arranged in such a way that, it has the necessary capacity to deal with different types of power. The research finding emphasizes that in the international semantic system of Islam, the role of Muslims in international dynamics stems from their adherence to spiritual forces and soft power; Although Muslims do not have much hard power in the current situation; But with a belief in Islamic values such as " No compulsion in religion, martyrdom and patience"; They have a good soft power lever to play role in global dynamics.

economic sanctions are systematic refusal to establish economic relations between a state or a specific group of states to punish or create behavior acceptable to itself or to the international community. Unilateral sanctions are sanctions imposed only by one state and against another. Economic sanctions are used as a tool to put pressure on the target country, and the goal of the sanctions is to achieve their goals without the use of military force, so this policy can be used as a policy in the midst of soft and hard power. This research is a descriptive-analytical research method, the method of collecting library and documentary information and the research tool of the receipt, and the analysis of information has been done as inductive reasoning. The results of this study indicate that some governments seek to achieve their goals by imposing unilateral sanctions by imposing sanctions and not using the military option, which is a clear manifestation of power. Therefore, unilateral sanctions can be mentioned as a policy in the middle of exercising soft and hard power. Unilateral sanctions will only be legitimate if they are met in response to the government's wrongdoing and meet the necessary conditions for countermeasure, including necessity and appropriateness.Key word: Unilateral economic sanctions, countermeasure, soft power, hard power.

The issue of power is considered by political geography experts and politicians. Geography is one of the factors of power in the opinions of these experts that affect national power by affecting politics, economy, culture, etc. These factors affect the soft power of countries. Rivers as one of the important geographical factors have an effect on the quality of national power of countries. In recent years, due to climate change, drought, sanctions, the need for food independence, development and sustainable employment for the western border areas of the country, etc., our country has been carrying out water control projects in the western rivers of the country. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of water control projects in the western rivers of the country on the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in various dimensions. In this study, an attempt has been made to answer the question of what is the effect of water control of rivers in the west of the country on the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran? This research is done by descriptive-analytical method and is a method of collecting library information. The results show that the plans to control the rivers in the west of our country can have positive and negative effects on the soft power of our country in internal and external dimensions. Based on the results, it requires the need for wise management, in which suggestions are provided.

In this article, an attempt is made to pay attention to and explain the effect of the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in strengthening the power and influence of the Shiites in the political structure of Iraq. After the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the overthrow of Saddam's regime, the Islamic Republic, as an important and influential country in the region, has tried to use its soft power sources to increase its sphere of influence and expand its geopolitical territory in the new Iraq. Meanwhile, by increasing the weight and consolidating the power of the Shiites in the political structure and equations of Iraq, the Islamic Republic, while developing convergence with the new government, has achieved high power and influence in Iraq, especially among the Shiites. Therefore, the main question of the research is what effect has the Islamic Republic of Iran had on strengthening the power of the Shiites in the political equations of Iraq (2020-2003)?The premise of this article is that since the 2003 US invasion of Iraq, the Iraqi political scene has been marked by increasing Shiite power and influence; Therefore, based on the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, the Islamic Republic is trying to strengthen the role and position of the Shiites in the political equations of Iraq, to prevent the factors of power from leaving the hands of the Shiites of this country, and in this regard; To develop Tehran's sphere of influence and acting power in the field of Iraqi politics.

The use of culture and the use of cultural tools in diplomacy, compared to other common tools and levers in international relations, have advantages that have led countries to use this capacity to reduce misunderstandings among themselves. Accordingly, cultural diplomacy has become an area of diplomacy that establishes, develops and pursues relations with foreign countries through culture, art and education, and seeks to discover, define and promote common and universal values and interests, and then, the pursuit of national interests is within the framework of these shared values and interests. This article seeks to answer the basic question "What are the sources, goals and tools of cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran?" Using a descriptive-analytical method and using library resource recording tools. Accordingly, in the first step of "Islamic sciences and knowledge"; "Iranian culture and civilization"; and the "teachings of the Islamic Revolution" were cited as the original sources of the country's cultural diplomacy. Then, while briefly reviewing the upstream documents as well as the statutes of organizations active in the field of cultural diplomacy, he enumerated the goals of the Islamic Republic and, finally, "scientific, educational and technological activities"; "Tourism and Immigration"; and "cultural and artistic activities" were cited as the most important tools of the country's cultural diplomacy. As a result, it seems that the Iran has significant capabilities in using the capabilities of cultural diplomacy, the optimal use of which can help improve the parameters of soft power in the foreign policy of this country.

One of the most important components of a country's life is its national authority And one of the most important ways to defeat a country by enemies is to destroy the national authority of that country. It is therefore necessary to identify the nationalities of national authority as necessary. In this research, an attempt is made to explain the relationship between religious values and national authority And then the sensitivity of the religious leaders to preserve the divine values is shown and maintains its format These values are expressed for modeling. In this research, several historical examples have been used Which typically shows the effects of preserving values and long-standing values throughout history.Finally, by introducing information, a model in raising the value of society, which is the Prophet of God, It was shown that the management of the society should try to change the global value and your world to the divine and human values with the help of the contemporary way of life.

Soft power is an instrument for nation-states to alter public opinion and audience mentality. Nearly all powerful nation-states regard it as a tool to create intended changes in target societies. Developments in cinema industry and public interest in new media in the Post-War era generated new functions for the industry in the eyes of governments worldwide. As a powerful hypermedia, cinema enjoys extraordinary opportunities to present geographies, ethnicities, nations and policies in artistic ways. Cinematic depiction of various circumstances of a nation can attract attentions, moderate opinions and create new mentalities, sometimes far from reality, in the audience. Cinema exemplifies an instance of the use of soft power, in which continuous use of technological and artistic applications enables mainstream directors to create unreal images of reality, intended by ‘creators of the new world’. Cinema is indeed a good instrument of soft power for depiction of world realities and Russian cinema is no exception. Focusing on the issue of Russian Jews, this article discusses the way they are presented in Russian films. Thematic depiction of the Jewish community in Russian cinema incorporates support for Jewish rights as a suppressed minority in the Russian society. Including old cliché dualities of the 'right and wrong', post-Cold War films, much like the former Soviet cinema, take for granted the Jewish community as 'oppressed and persecuted'.

the concept of national power has become more pronounced after the collapse of the bipolar system during the Cold War and the subsequent formation of independent political units (nation-state). National power is the determination of the national goals and interests of each political unit; Zin Sun, today in the vast plain of world politics, any change in national power will lead to a change in national goals. In recent decades, the discourse of religious fundamentalism has become an influential factor in the field of international relations, according to which "religion" was placed in a series and closely linked with "politics" and "power"; In other words, the religious approach in the field of international relations has led to the construction of a new and distinctive space for thinking and acting. This discourse highlights the meaning that culture-building can lead to the transformation of the material world by changing the dominant normative foundations of the past and creating new meanings. According to these theoretical issues, the authors in the present article, using the method of content analysis and relying on library and documentary sources, to conceptual and theoretical analysis of national power based on the study of internal and external theories, knowledge of its components and characteristics and dimensions. To pay. The findings of the present study indicate that from the valley and religious approach, the most influential factor on the national power of governments is "national unity" and "unity" of human beings.

In the initial conceptualization of soft power, components such as culture, political and social values ​​have been expressed. Some components of soft power in Islam are based on values ​​such as self-sacrifice and martyrdom, spiritualism, justice and the establishment of justice and struggle. It is based on oppression and corruption, so that while creating a cultural change at the domestic level, it has also affected the process of religious self-belief and Islamic awakening in its surrounding area. The governments after the Islamic Revolution placed great emphasis on the discussion of the implementation of social justice, which is a component of the soft power and Achilles heel of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and each of them has chosen a specific model in order to achieve this important. An important issue is the proportionality and the extent to which social justice is achieved with these patterns of development. In order to examine this issue, the question is to what extent have development models in post-revolutionary governments been successful in achieving social justice? The outcome of social justice in these states is determined by evaluating and comparing development indicators as well as social justice, such as poverty alleviation and deprivation, inflation rate, unemployment rate, economic growth and Gini coefficient. The present study intends to use the analytical-comparative method to examine the extent to which social justice is achieved in development patterns in these states.