نشریه طب انتظامی
سال دهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 39، پاییز 1400)

Alginate is one of the substances that is considered as a promising candidate for wound healing. The aim of this study was to design and manufacture a dressing spray based on alginate / calcium chloride / gelatin alginate to control bleeding and wound healing.

This experimental research was conducted in the research laboratory of Amirkabir University from December 2019 to January 2020. In this study, saline phosphate buffer solution was prepared first. Then, their sterilization process was performed by autoclave and MTT salt solution was prepared during a process. In order to prepare an alginate-based spray dressing, we adjusted the concentration of the solution so that it could escape from the spray pore. On the other hand, in order to obtain gel alginate with suitable strength in equal proportions of calcium chloride concentrations, aqueous solution of gelatin was prepared for copolymerization with alginate. Finally, the bonds in the proposed dressing were evaluated by FTIR. Also, the degree of degradability, water absorption, changes in weight and pH, physical properties and microstructure of the extrinsic biological response were investigated in the designed dressing. Scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy were used to examine the dressing structure resulting from the ratio of different amounts of materials involved.

The results showed that the amount of water absorption in the sample and their degradation rate were AGC3> AGC4> AGC2> AGC1. In the study of biocompatibility, it was found that despite better results in AGC3, the degree of non-toxicity of AGC2 group was higher and also showed better cell adhesion behavior. Therefore, according to the results, AGC2 sample was selected as the final sample.

The results revealed that increasing calcium chloride levels could lead to increased alginate hydrogel formation. Also, the presence of gelatin and calcium chloride in the constant concentration of alginate will reduce the formation time of the spray hydrogel until they create space barriers.

Delayed muscle contusion may occur as a result of damage to the involved muscle structure after performing resistance exercise or extrovert exercises. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glutamine supplementation on muscle injury indices and pain after extroverted resistance activity in inactive young men.

This quasi-experimental study was performed with repeated measurements in 2017-18 among all inactive male students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University who had not participated in regular sports activities during the three years leading up to the study. 20 samples were randomly divided into two supplement nodes (n = 10) (daily consumption of 0.1 g glutamine per kg of body weight) and placebo (n = 10). The training protocol included an extrovert activity phase. Plasma levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, perceived pain were measured before exercise, 24 and 48 hours after extraversion resistance activity. Shapiro-Wilk statistical methods, repeated measures analysis of variance and independent t-test at the significance level of p <0.05 were used to analyze the data.

The results of the present study showed that the amount of perceived pain in the placebo group was significantly increased compared to the supplement group in the 24 hours after exercise (p = 0.008) and 48 hours after exercise (p = 0.046). Also, 24 hours after extraversion, the levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase increased in both groups, but no significant difference was observed between the two groups (p> 0.05).

Glutamine supplementation appears to be helpful in preventing the negative effects of delayed muscle soreness in the recovery period after physical activity, which is often accompanied by extroverted contractions.

Given the global situation of coronary heart disease, which affects almost all important economic, political, social and even military aspects of all countries in the world, the discussion of the psychological effects of this disease is very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the online crisis intervention program on suicidal ideation in patients with Covid-19.

This was an applied study in terms of purpose and a quasi-experimental one in terms of method with pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all patients with Covid-19 in Rasht, Iran in 2020, from which 30 people were selected using available sampling method and were randomly placed in the experimental group (15 people) and the control group (15 people) and responded to research tools including the Beck Suicide Scale Ideation) 1988). After that, the participants of the experimental group received 10 sessions of the online crisis intervention program per week, and after the intervention, both groups completed the research tool again. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

The mean age of participants in the experimental group was 40.06±5.37 years while in the control group was 38.00±8.73 years. The mean score of suicidal ideation in the experimental group in the post-test stage (3.26±2.71) was lower than the control group (7.93±3.43), which was statistically significant in contrast to the pre-test stage (p<0.01). Considering the F values for post-test suicidal ideation (32.08) and their significance level (p<0.01), it was observed that the developed program was effective and was able to reduce suicidal ideation.

Teaching crisis management program to the people with Covid-19 can increase their control over stressful situations and reduce suicidal ideation. Therefore, according to the results, it is recommended that psychologists use this therapeutic approach to reduce the psychological problems of people with suicidal ideation.

Social health and resilience as a set of Social - psychosocial skills and talents are of the most important predictors of high-risk behaviors and consequently social order. The aim of this study was to develop a structural model of the role of social health on young people high-risk behaviors mediated by resilience.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted among undergraduate students of Tabriz, Iran Azad University in the academic year of 2019-2020 in a way that 402 of them were selected by available sampling method from students who attended virtual education classes and participated in the research online. All participants answered Keys' Psychosocial Health Questionnaire, Iranian Resilience and Risk Dimensions. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.

Finally, the data of 383 participants with a mean age of 23.5±3.5 years were analyzed. The mean total score of social health was 21.023±6.043, resilience was 57.164±9.044 and high risk behaviors was 53.809±1.480. The fit indices of the output model with the goodness of fit index (GFI = 0.933) indicated a very good fit of the proposed model. The direct effect of social attention and perception of social health on high-risk behaviors was -0.134 and the indirect effect was -0.090. The total effect between the variables was -0.062. Therefore, from the components of social health, social attention and perception had a significant relationship with high-risk behavior and indirectly, the total score of social health had a significant relationship with high-risk behavior.

Young people's social health increases their resilience to problems and, as a result, reduces their tendency to engage in risky behaviors. Consequently, we will have a safer society.

Evidence suggests that marital conflicts cause family dysfunction. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy and reality therapy on family functions of women with marital conflicts.

The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study was all women who had referred to counseling centers in Rasht, Iran in 2020 to solve marital problems and conflicts. In this study, the available sampling method has been used. Thus, after announcing the call from among the candidates who wanted to participate in the project and were eligible to participate in the meetings, 54 women who received the highest scores in the marital conflict questionnaire were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (N =36) and a control group (n = 18). Pre-test was performed from all three groups and then dialectical behavior therapy and reality therapy were performed on the two experimental groups in 10 sessions of 90 minutes twice a week, during which the members of the control group received no intervention. The instruments of this study were the Marital Conflict Questionnaire with validity 0.95 and reliability 0.84 and the Family Assessment Questionnaire with validity 0.96 and reliability 0.89 which were applied in two stages of pre-test and post-test. Multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to compare the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy and reality therapy on family functions of women with marital conflicts.

In this study, 54 participants with a mean age of 37.81±4.39 years old participated. The mean marital conflict of the participants was 157.64±7.39. The results of analysis of covariance showed that dialectical behavior therapy and reality therapy were effective in family functions (p<0.001). However, compared to dialectical behavior therapy, reality therapy had a greater effect on family functions (p<0.01).

According to these findings, dialectical behavior therapy and reality therapy have a positive effect on family functions of women with marital conflicts. Therefore, these treatments can be used along with or in combination with other treatment methods to improve the quality of life and reduce marital conflicts.

Substance abuse incurs huge social costs in society and leads to significant clinical distress in individuals. One of the most widely used drugs in recent years is methamphetamine. One of the major challenges for people with substance abuse disorders is recurrence or relapse. The aim of this study was to determine the role of withdrawal self-efficacy, craving and attention bias in predicting relapse in individuals with methamphetamine abuse.

This descriptive-correlational study was performed on all individuals with substance abuse disorder (methamphetamine) who referred to addiction treatment centers in Ardabil, Iran, between October and February of 2019. A total of 172 individuals were selected by available sampling method. Data were collected using the Macleod's Dot Probe test, Short scale of substance abuse, Wright's relapse prediction questionnaire, and the Brahmson's Addiction Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis using SPSS 21 software.

The results showed that craving and bias of attention had a significant positive relationship with relapse and withdrawal self-efficacy had a significant negative relationship with relapse (p<0.01). The results of regression analysis also showed that withdrawal self-efficacy with components could predict 22%, craving 24% and attention bias 13% of relapse changes (p<0.01).

Withdrawal self-efficacy, craving and attention bias play an important role in predicting relapse of substance users and the results of the present study can be used in the prevention and treatment of people with substance abuse disorder.

The change in human lifestyle in recent decades has been accompanied by the neglect of the natural environment in the human living space and ultimately led to the growth of sick societies in terms of physical, mental and spiritual and has increased violence and vandalism in society. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to explain the relationship between the presence of the sky in architecture and human mental health and crime reduction.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, which was conducted in the first half of 1400 in Pardisan residential complexes in Qom, Iran. A sample of 110 households was randomly selected from the Basij neighborhoods and the staff union, which is part of the neighborhoods of Pardisan area with a large number of residential complexes, due to the presence of local residents, to answer the researcher-made questionnaire on human physical, mental and spiritual health in terms of the presence of the sky in the living space. The face and content validity of the questionnaire used was checked and confirmed. The questionnaire also had good reliability in three dimensions of physical, mental and spiritual with Cronbach's alpha 0.922, 0.813 and 0.775, respectively. Due to limited traffic and communication in Corona, the questionnaires were completed in absentia and online. Data were analyzed using dual regression analysis test in SPSS 26 software.

The results of 97 households living in Pardisan residential complexes in Qom, Iran were studied, of which 46 (47.4%) were women and 51 (52.6%) were men, 59 (60.8%) were in the young Sunni valley and 38 (39.2%) were in the middle age group. The results of regression analysis showed that the presence of the sky in the architectural space among the components of physical, mental and spiritual health, had a significant effect on all human areas. Determination of intensity and 62% was related to factors related to mental health and by comparing the constant regression value of 18.442 and the physical field coefficient of 0.217 and the spiritual field coefficient of 0.582, the greater effect of the spiritual field on human mental peace was explained.

The results of this study show that the presence of the sky in the living space of human beings, in addition to physical comfort, also causes psychological and spiritual comfort, and the presence of the sky in the space of architecture and man-made, more than anything, promotes human mental health and unwillingness. It turns into crime and violence.

Soldiering is a stressful period in which there is a possibility of mental disorder. So, the aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of family communication patterns in the relationship between emotional maturity and self-compassion with vulnerability to stress in soldiers

This research is a descriptive correlational study. Participants statistical of the present study include 250 soldiers of military in Maraghe, Iran at 2020 that have been selected by simple random sampling. Following the issuance of the necessary permits and the consent of the authorities, the objectives of the investigation were presented to all participants and the questionnaires were distributed by the staff. Miller and Smith vulnerability to stress questionnaire (with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89 and a convergent validity of 0.7), Bhargava and Singh emotional maturity scale (with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.79 and a convergent validity of 0.88), Neff self-compassion scale (with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.8 and a convergent validity of 0.91) and Fitzpatric family communication patterns questionnaire (with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.69 and a convergent validity of 0.86) were used for data collection. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis tests using SPSS and Amos version 24.

The results indicated that emotional maturity and self-compassion in interaction with the role of family communication patterns are involved in explaining the models of vulnerability to stress in soldiers, in which case the variance of vulnerability to stress in soldiers through variables of the model is explained by 28% in total. The direct effect of self-compassion (-0.15), emotional immaturity (0.5) and conversation orientation (-0.16) were significant in estimating vulnerability to stress (P<0.05). Also, the results of the Sobel test showed that the indirect effects of self-compassion (t-value = 2.84) and emotional immaturity (t-value = 2.93) through conversation orientation on vulnerability to stress were significant (P<0.05). But, the indirect effects of self-compassion and emotional immaturity through conformity orientation on vulnerability to stress was not significant (P>0.05).

Considering the direct and indirect effects of the exogenous and mediating variables on endogenous, it can be concluded that vulnerability to stress can be reduced by enhancing emotional maturity, self-compassion and conversation orientation.