نشریه جامعه شناسی سیاسی انقلاب اسلامی
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1399)

The issue of change in the formation of the institution of government or state-building in recent decades in the discussion of development has been one of the most challenging issues in political science. According to neoconservatives, the government, as an independent agent, has returned to the text of social and political science studies and has been able to play an independent and active role as an active and independent agent in economic and social developments. Therefore, the government institution is of great importance in the development process. This article tries to answer the central question by the method of institutionalization and using documentary-library resources that despite the fact that more than one hundred years have passed since the government in Iran, why is the modern government still a "institution" in Iran (especially in The period we are discussing, the Islamic Republic, has not been formed, and as a result, the institution of government does not have the necessary efficiency in development. In answer to the above question, the following hypothesis can be made: The Islamic Revolution of Iran had a flexible beginning with the phenomenon of the national state, and the format of the national state, meaning the mechanisms and structures of government formed during the Pahlavi era in the Islamic Republic. Although the nature of the regime in the Islamic Republic was Islamic and governments were legally and institutionally institutionalized, it was due to the priority of major goals and aspirations (such as the establishment of a single nation) and the survival of the changing role of oil revenues in Iran's economic and political system. The nation-state has not been completed, and the state institution has been poorly developed.

Addressing the issue of the new middle class as one of the main influential groups in the contemporary period of Iranian history, especially in the last four decades, is of various dimensions. One of these dimensions, which has had and will have a great impact on the recognition of the Islamic Revolution, is the developments, characteristics and political challenges of the new middle class in the Islamic Republic. What are the political developments and challenges facing the emergence and existence of a new middle class in the Islamic Republic of Iran and what challenges does it pose to the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The main question is the present article. Methodologically, it is a descriptive-analytical study that uses library methods to gather information. The results show that the emergence of a new middle class in Iran and its developments have challenged the Islamic Republic's system with challenges such as the fluidity of political demands, a discourse conflict with the traditional middle class, multiple political demands, and good governance.

Elite is a central concept in sociology and political science, and despite various conceptualizations, it has been widely criticized. Elites, especially political elites, have long played an important role in the evolution of societies in various dimensions. The Islamic Revolution of Iran has been a turning point in the history of socio-political developments in the contemporary world, which has brought about many changes. The victory of the Islamic Revolution in 1957 was a symbol of the victory of a government based on values ​​and beliefs that opened a new chapter in popular movements and promoted the status of ideological beliefs. In this system, political elites have a prominent position and play an important and significant role in fundamental decisions in various dimensions. The study of the behavior of political elites in Iran after the Islamic Revolution, especially in the last two decades, indicates the continuation of the behavioral and cultural characteristics of political elites in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Raising and selecting political elites in Iran after the revolution does not have a well-organized and pre-designed model. In addition to the persistence of these characteristics in the elite, other factors such as the inefficiency of political institutions that are rooted in the behavior of the elite have led to many developments in the political and social arena of the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially in recent decades. In this article, we emphasize the rotation of political elites in Iran after the Islamic Revolution. The present study is of qualitative type and data collection has been done through books and articles.

onomy as one of the requirements of the country's economic policy and said: "One of the conditions of the resistance economy is the use of all state and people's capacities; use the ideas and ideas and solutions provided by experts, and use capital." . Therefore, the national mobilization of individuals and officials plays an important role in this regard. In order to mobilize the nation in a resistance economy, in addition to economic needs and dimensions, we need to consider other non-economic dimensions. These include: jihadi management, national cohesion, the fight against rent-seeking and corruption, attention to documenting and documentary documents, attention to database companies, government agility, etc. National mobilization has a key role in this. The common denominator between the two categories of resistance economy and national mobilization is the people. In this study, while using the research mixed with the descriptive inferential method, we seek to answer the question of what strategies can mobilize the Iranian nation in the resistance economy?

Shi'ism's Geopoliticalization After the Islamic Revolution, and the subsequent expansion of Iran's role and function in international relations in the Middle East, Shi'ism became one of the most important and influential factors in the geopolitical world. The formation of a Shiite government led by religious scholars in a large, Shiite-majority country has never happened in the past. Thus, the Iranian revolution created a focus on reviving and popularizing the Shiite religious identity, and even more generally, the Muslim religious identity, and led to the emergence of Shiite governments and movements in the Middle East that changed or changed the balance of power in the region. The phrase has evolved to increase the power and influence of Shiites in the region. Therefore, explaining these developments in the context of Shiite geopolitics is the subject of this article.

The formation of the 1979 revolution in Iran has unique characteristics, among which we can mention that it is Islamic and based on the Shiite religion. The existence of the element of religion as the main element of the Islamic Revolution has distinguished this revolution from other revolutions. After that, in many Islamic countries, the influence of the successes of the Islamic Revolution and the ideology of Imam Khomeini, with the successful insistence on "People's Islam", was strongly felt. Imam Khomeini's views and ideas have played a significant role in exporting the values ​​of the Islamic Revolution beyond Iran's borders. The present article, while denying the influence of the Islamic Revolution of Iran on Islamic movements, explores the impact of Imam Khomeini's ideas on Iraq. At the same time, Western fears of a return to radical Islam and its teachings, as well as its influence on Islamic movements, make it more important to pay attention to the Islamic Revolution in Iran.