مجله دانش و تندرستی در علوم پایه پزشکی
سال شانزدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1400)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance training on passive avoidance learning, BDNF and Ki67 levels in the hippocampus of Wistar rats at different age groups.

Thirty male wistar rats were prepared in three age groups of 2 weeks and 8 weeks and 24 months (n=10 in each), and each age group was divided into two groups of control and training (n=5 in each). In the training group, the animals performed resistance and aerobic training once a day. The amount of overload for the resistance training program was determined based on the body weight of the animals. For the aerobic training group, the intensity of training increased from 50% of the maximum speed in the first week to 80% in the last week. At the end of the study, passive avoidance learning was assessed by the shuttle box test.

The 24-month-old training group had a significant decrease in the number of round trips to darkness and light (frequency) compared to the 24-month-old control group (P<0.05). Although BDNF mRNA level was highest in the 2-week exercise group but was not significant compared to other exercise groups at different ages (P>0.05). Ki67 protein changes with Western blotting also showed that the 2-week age training groups and the 8-week age training group showed a significant increase compared to their control group (for both P=0.0001).

It seems that the older rats are less successful in behavioral tests than other ages due to more severe molecular damage in central nerve system (reduction of BDNF, Ki67), that performing combined exercise can effective in small amount.

Cisplatin (CP) is recognized as an effective chemotherapeutic agent against numerous malignancies. Though, it results in some impacts including renal and liver injuries. Palmatine is an alkaloid obtained from several traditional medicinal plants. The aim of the current work is evaluating the impacts of palmatine on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by CP in rats.

The animals (n=52) were classified in 4 groups: 1) control group; 2) CP group (6 mg/kg); 3 and 4) CP + palmatine groups (50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively). Urine, kidney, blood, and liver samples were collected for assessment.

CP caused an increase in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), Na and K fractional excretion, and plasma creatinine and BUN and a reduction in the creatinine clearance and urine flow rate, in comparison with the control group. An increase was occurred in liver and renal tissue malondialdehyde while reduction happened in glutathione level in the CP group, which shows oxidative stress in these tissues. The TUNEL assay indicated inducing the apoptosis in the kidney and liver in the CP group. Palmatine treatment resulted in a decrease in plasma AST, ALT, creatinine clearance, urine flow rate, and renal and hepatic malondialdehyde along with an increase in renal and hepatic glutathione, fractional excretion of K and Na, and plasma BUN and creatinine in contrast to the CP group. Apoptosis in hepatic and renal tissues in CP + palmatine group was decreased.

Our findings showed that renal and liver injuries were decreased by palmatine through inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress

The COVID-19 disease is caused by SARS-coronavirus-2. The corona virus mainly causes damage to the pulmonary epithelial cells of lung, as well as other organs such as the hearts and immune system by interaction of its spike protein with host ACE2 receptor. There is currently no specific treatment for coronary disease. Mesenchymal stem cell may be a potential treatment for refractory pulmonary illnesses.

To conduct this review study, the databases of PubMed, Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov, world health organization international clinical trials registry platform and european union clinical trials register were searched using the keywords of COVID-19 and mesenchymal stem cells in 2020. Then, by exact examining of the title, the summary and full text of articles, repeat studies and cases that lacked inclusion criteria were excluded. In these studies, the pathological symptoms of coronary patients as well as the characteristics, origin, and potential mechanisms of stem cells in coronary artery disease and MSC-based clinical trials were investigated.

Mesenchymal stem cells have significant effects on the treatment of COVID-19 disease due to their unique properties such as immune system regulation and tissue regeneration capabilities. Also, in this way, several studies have been licensed to enter the clinical phase and are under investigation.

Although treatment of corona disease using stem cells is a very promising method, but the limitations of this therapeutic approach must be considered. So, there is an urgent need for large-scale investigations to confirm the safety and efficacy profile of these therapies and rigorous resolution on several fronts, including MSC fate after infusion, homing capability and MSC resistance to the disease microenvironment.

Increased lactate dehydrogenase and liver enzymes due to debilitating exercise activity in the blood may have devastating effects on the individual. Using low calorie diets with moderate carbohydrates is one of the most important ways to reduce these amounts.

For this purpose, 30 boys weighing 30 were selected by simple random sampling and divided into experimental and control groups based on body composition index. For the experimental group, a low-calorie diet with moderate carbohydrates (carbohydrate share 55% of energy) was set for 6 weeks with a questionnaire of 24% and using food software and with the help of a nutritionist. Dependent t-test was used to study intragroup changes and analysis of covariance with intergroup factor was used for comparison between groups.

The results showed that serum levels of ALP (0.03), AST (0.02) and ALT (0.01) increased significantly by performing one session of anaerobic exercise in both experimental and control groups. Subsequently, the results showed that serum LDH (0.4) levels were not significant after increasing with one session of anaerobic exercise in both experimental and control groups.

The present study showed that consuming a six-week low-calorie, moderate-carbohydrate diet can significantly reduce the resting levels of lactate dehydrogenase and liver enzymes.

Overweight and osteoporosis are two common health problems in adults that often result from decreased physical activity. Biochemical markers evaluate the effects of dynamic changes on bone function and determine the response of bone metabolism to physical activity. Insulin-like growth factor-1, parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase are important bone markers in bone metabolism, but there is still much ambiguity about them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of three months basketball training on Insulin-like growth factor-1, parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase in 45-55 years old overweight men.

24 overweight men (47.91±2.06 years, 27.80±1.13 kg/m2) were purposefully selected based on inclusion criteria and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group practiced basketball training three days a week, 90 min in each session, for three months. 24 h before training and 48 h after the last training session, the fasting blood sample was taken to measure insulin-like growth factor-1, parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase by ELISA method.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (P=0.002) and alkaline phosphatase (P=0.03) were increased after three months basketball training. However, parathyroid hormone was not changed significantly.

It seems that three months basketball training can induce mechanical loading effects on musculoskeletal tissue and has anabolic effect on the body

Wrestling has been a very ancient and popular sport in India. A variety of biomechanical forces are applied on these athletes due to the very nature of this game, leading to injury to different parts of the body. This study aimed to find the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries among wrestlers from the taluka of Karad.

100 wrestlers were selected for this study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They completed a structured questionnaire to assess for any injuries regarding wrestling and also their demographic data was recorded.

All the wrestlers reported at least 1 lesion. The most commonly injured body regions were at the lower limb region (57.1%) and then at upper limb region (31.4%). Lesions were more frequent in the Lower limb region (45%) and less in the Upper limb region (13%). Sprains were commonly seen in the Lower limb region (34%) as well and followed by Upper limb region (28%).

Musculoskeletal injuries of both the upper and lower extremities was found to be high among the wrestlers of Karad. It was found to be more common in males and less in females. Lesions and sprains were found to be more frequent in the lower limb region of the body.

The arches of foot are an integral part of foot complex. It is supported by ligaments and muscles. Many factors attribute to flattening of these arches. One of those factors is overweight. But the type of flatfoot which is caused due to overweight is not yet clear. Thus this project aims at finding the prevalence of different types of flatfoot due to overweight.

A total of 96 individuals between the age group of 18-35 participated in this study. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee (IEC). Calculated BMI using qutelet index and flatfoot was determined using foot print. Type of foot print was determined using Toe extension test.

The study result indicated that the prevalence of rigid flatfoot was more than flexible flatfoot in overweight individuals.

There is a significant correlation between BMI and prevalence of rigid and flexible flat foot whereas there is no correlation of the flat foot with age and gender.