فهرست مطالب

Educational Sociology - Volume:4 Issue: 3, Oct 2021

Iranian Journal of Educational Sociology
Volume:4 Issue: 3, Oct 2021

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1400/07/19
  • تعداد عناوین: 21
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  • Leyla Bahluli, Roghieh Vahdat Bourashan*, Javad Keyhan, Bahareh Azizi Nejad Pages 1-10
    Purpose

    Regarded to the role and importance of knowledge management in organizational performance, the aim of this study was to presenting the knowledge management model in the units of the Islamic Azad University of West Azerbaijan province.

    Methodology

    The present study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was quantitative from type of correlation. The research population was faculty members of units of the Islamic Azad universities of West Azerbaijan province in the academic year of 2020-21 with number of 645 people. The sample size based on Cochranch`s formula was estimated 243 people who were selected by cluster sampling method with using gender and academic rank ratio. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire (74 items), whose the content validity was confirmed by experts opinion and its reliability was calculated 0.90 by Cronbach`s alpha method. To analyze the data were used from exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling methods in SPSS-23 and LISREL-8.8 software.

    Findings

    The results of factor analysis showed that the knowledge management had eight factors of infrastructure and information technology, knowledge management processes, organizational structure and environment, intellectual and innovative capital, human resources and education, knowledge leadership, management and organizational culture, that this factors could explained 74.23% of total variance of knowledge management. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the knowledge management model had a good fit and eight mentioned factors had a direct and significant effect on knowledge management (P<0.05).

    Conclusion

    According to the results of this study, planning to improve knowledge management through infrastructure and information technology, knowledge management processes, organizational structure and environment, intellectual and innovative capital, human resources and education, knowledge leadership, management and organizational culture is essential, which for this purpose the use of workshops can be effective.

    Keywords: Knowledge management, Islamic Azad University, faculty members
  • Elaheh Hassankhouei, Alireza Rezvani*, Vahid Ahmadi, Fatemeh Haji Arbabi Pages 11-18
    Purpose

    The aim of this study is to plan and validate of product creativity evaluation model in architectural education.

    Methodology

    This research has mixed strategy. In order to answer these questions, the research was conducted in four phases. Qualitative method is used in the first stage, and quantitative approach is used in other phases. In the first phase of this research, interviews and searches were used for data collection. After interviewing 10 elites and using relevant research articles, data was collected and a researcher-made questionnaire with 5 main effective component was planned. In the next step, the questionnaire was distributed to some expert instructor in the field of architectural education; determine the efficiency of each factor noted in the above questionnaire on the evaluation of creativity in architectural design learning outcomes, and according to their ideas, using confirmed element analysis method was designed

    Finding

    Findings indicated that 5 components with 12 indicators make the status of novelty with two indicators of originality and surprising, relevance to the problem with two indicators  of regulatory compliance and practicality, effectiveness of solutions with three indicators of meet the needs of contacts, environmentally friendly, durability, design elements with two indicators, details (well-defined component) and elegance, assembly of design elements with three indicators of harmonization, completeness and well-formed (well- crafted)
    In addition, confirmed element analysis of obtaining components indicated that all factor loads are significant and there is acceptable evaluation creativity model of architectural design products, with data. The most element load was related to novelty (0.91) and the least one related to Assembly of design elements (0.5).

    Conclusion

    Based on obtaining finding, we can conclude that according to expertchr`s idea, novelty factor such as originality and surprising, along with functional factors such as relevance and effectiveness and artistic factor consist of design of elements and assembly of design elements, play the role in designing creativity evaluation model of problem-solving results.

    Keywords: creativity, evaluation, product, architectural education
  • Niusha Mostoli, Mohsen Rostamy-Malkhalifeh, Ahmad Shahverani*, Hasan Behzadi Pages 19-33
    Purpose

    The main of this research was to calculate the efficiency of 9th grade high school female students as well as educational process development to increase the math literacy.

    Methodology

    This educational process was performed by integrating realistic mathematics education and the mathematical problem-solving process. The statistical population of the study consisted of 242 students which were divided into two groups; 122 students as the experimental group (A, B) and 122 students as the control group (C, D). The data analysis method was based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The output-oriented Charles, Cooper, and Rhodes (CCR) model was used for determining the efficiency of the students.

    Findings

    Each student was considered as a decision-making unit (DMU) in which inputs were mathematical pre-test scores and outputs were the mathematical post-test scores.

    Discussion

    The results showed that students who were involved in problem-solving and realistic mathematics education were efficient.

    Keywords: data envelopment analysis (DEA), mathematical literacy, problem-solving math (PSM), realistic mathematics education (RME)
  • Maryam Jalilian, Mohammad Sajjad Seydi*, Mohsen Golmohamadian Pages 34-47
    Purpose

    due to the importance of the role of schools in responding to post-crisis problems and their important roles in the life of children and given the recent earthquake in Kermanshah Province, a study was conducted to identify the indicators of an efficient school.

    Methods

    this research uses a qualitative method. It was performed in Classic Delphi and phenomenological phases. The research population consisted of all workers and experts working in the field of education in Sarpol-e Zahab City, Iran who worked from 2017 to 2019 in the city. In the first phase, which was a phenomenological study, 15 of the efficient workers of the city’s education field were chosen with purposive sampling. Also, in the second phase of the study, the sample consisted of 11 of the experts of the education field of Sarpol-e Zahab who worked in the city from 217 to 2019 who both witnessed the earthquake and are deemed to be experts by the region’s education workers.

    Findings

    after documenting the interviews, 290 codes were conceptualized. Next, the codes were categorized into the four general indices of (students, school teacher, and staff, school facilities and structure, environment, and family). Next, based on the codes extracted from phase one, an 82-question questionnaire was designed for the second research phase (Delphi Study). Ultimately, after three rounds of responding, 23 questions were removed and the panel group agreed on 59 questions.

    Conclusions

    the conclusion is that an efficient school is one that can consider the four dimensions of students, school teachers and staff, school facilities and structure, environment and family to design and plan the school’s structure.

    Keywords: efficient school, Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake, Delphi study
  • Meisam Shekarisaz, Iraj Soltani*, Mahboube Sadat Fadavi Pages 48-60
    Purpose

    The present study was conducted with the aim of applying the higher education model in commercializing knowledge and responding to the needs of society in comprehensive and large units of Islamic Azad University.

    Method

    This research was applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of method in the category of qualitative data foundation research and exploratory type, was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, while studying the research literature, 18 in-depth and semi-structured interviews using theoretical purposive sampling (including 15 faculty members and 3 experts in the industry) required data that has reached saturation were collected. In order to analyze the data collected from the interviews, based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Carbin, it was implemented in three stages of open, axial and selective coding.

    Results

    At the end, a summary of the formulated model was presented to 4 professors, and their opinions were collected for correction and adjustment. To evaluate the reliability of the data, the criteria of the foundation data theory, including comprehensibility and conformity. , Controllability, and the generality of Strauss and Carbin (2008) were carefully examined. In the second phase, the results of the analysis were compiled in the form of a questionnaire and the first stage of Delphi was performed on 15 people and by calculating the Kendall agreement coefficient of 0.564, 25 components were removed. Then the second and third stages of Delphi were performed on 15 and 12 experts, respectively. Considering that a significant coefficient of less than 5% was obtained for all components, no components were removed in the second and third stages of Delphi, and the Kendall agreement coefficient was calculated to be 0.600 and 0.788, respectively, indicating a consensus Strong among members.

    Conclusion

    Finally, the research model was developed with 6 main categories and 43 sub-categories.

    Keywords: Accountability, Higher Education, Knowledge Commercialization, Data Foundation Theory
  • Mohammad Yasin Dadkani, Zohreh Saadatmand*, Jahanbakhsh Rahmani Pages 61-67

    The purpose of this current research is to design and formulate a decentralized curriculum for primary schools in Iran. The methodology is qualitative research from content-analyzing of comparison-categorizing system which includes three steps. In the first step, decentralized and extracting its parameters, international dissertations and researches in connection with subject of the research in qualitative analyzing method were investigated and studied. In the second step, after concluding the findings, the final curriculum pattern was formulated including decentralized curriculum (objectives and contents, teaching-learning methods, evaluation). Designing the extracted curriculum elements based on Klein curriculum elements but the difference is that, Klein curriculum elements has been categorized into 9 elements, but researcher has taken 4 main elements (objectives and contents, teaching-learning methods, evaluation) into consideration as a base for designing his suggested model. In the third step: measuring-descriptive methodology was used by making use of factor-analysis for evaluating the credibility of suggested model from viewpoints of experts and specialists. The realm of research was all books and written references on decentralized curriculum which were selected by purposeful sampling. Due to the abundance of various available printed and digital references, those ones from 2000 to 2015 were used. Data collection tools were researcher-made charts and tokens which were used for collecting categories and elements of decentralized curriculum. Faculties, specialists and experts viewpoints were used for reliability of the research. After taking opinions and revising, the final framework was formulated. For increasing the credibility of the research, ultimate attention and care were taken in order to prepare tokens. On quality of research, 467 conceptual codes were extracted, 23 main parameters were achieved which were used for formulating decentralized curriculum. A research-made questionnaire was designed in order to evaluate the conceptual structure of the research and was reviewed by 200 specialists and experts, and then finally was approved after carrying out a factor-analyzing showing that most of articles had proper weigh-factor which means all standard coefficients were within 0.3 to 0.6. On the other word the articles put proper weigh-factors on their factors. This current research as a non-intensive curriculum model for Iranian elementary schools is usable for curriculum designers and authorities of Ministry of Education who have stepped forward efficiently in order to give more authorities to education organization of provinces.

    Keywords: Curriculum, Decentralized Curriculum, Curriculum Elements, Primary Education
  • Alireza Tamjidyamcholo* Pages 68-80
    Purpose

    This study uses TAM theory to better understand variables that are indicative of MOOCs’ courses’ completion rates; furthermore, this paper scrutinizes the quantitative relationship between MOOC platform usage and learning satisfaction.

    Methodology

    This research was an applied research and the place of the research was in a virtual community called Coursera and people all over the word participated in this community. The research design was quantitative and the questionnaire link was posted on the Coursera and sampling method was based on convenience. Data collection process started from November 12, 2020 until February 23, 2021 and 234 users of the selected MOOC platform (Coursera) participated to evaluate the proposed model. A multivariable systematic technique (PLS) applied to analysis the model. To conduct the reliability test, individual item loadings and internal consistency were used. Convergent validity of the model was measured using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The examination of the SEM incorporated an evaluation of the path coefficients and R2 values.

    Findings

    The loadings of all measurement items are more than 0.792. This proves that the dataset has sound internal reliability. Moreover, the Cronbachchr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))s alpha values are all > 0.7 which proves the internal consistency of the research model. In this research, the range of CR is 0.838 to 0.947 and the range of AVEs is 0.634–0.857, both exceed the threshold values for desirable convergent validity. To obtain discriminant validity, the square root of AVE should be more than the correlations among the constructs. The value of each AVE’s square root is greater than the off-diagonal components. The model explains 21.1% of the variance in perceived usefulness, 20.9% in perceived ease of use, 26.9% in attitude to use, 20.0% in MOOC platform actual usage and 24.2% of the variance in learning satisfaction. The path coefficient from quantity and quality of knowledge (β=0.261, p<0.01) and perceived feedback (β=0.215, p<0.01) to PU is positive. The results show that perceived feedback (β=0.275, p<0.01), perceived complexity (β=-0.367, p<0.01) significantly and meaningfully affect PEOU. The PU showed a positive and strong effect on attitude to use (β=0.271, p<0.01), MOOC platform actual usage (β=0.360, p<0.01), and learning satisfaction (β=0.277, p<0.01).

    Conclusion

    The results indicated that the quantity and quality of the knowledge and perceived feedback have a positive and significant impact on the perceived usefulness of MOOCs. The perceived complexity as a negative construct was found to be an important indicator of MOOC platforms usage and the hypothesis regarding the platform usage and learning satisfaction was upheld.

    Keywords: MOOCs, completion rate, learning satisfaction, quantity, quality of the knowledge
  • Pezhman Pazhouheshfar, Hassan Biabani*, Mohammad Reza Behboudi Pages 81-91

    Today, mobile commerce is growing at a high rate. Given the capabilities of mobile commerce, understanding userdecisions to accept mobile commerce has received considerable attention from researchers and the business community. The purpose of this study is to present an interactive model in the field of digital marketing of online service startups based on mobile commerce. According to the purpose, the present research is in the field of applied research. Because it provides the basis for solving a problem in the real world. It is also in the field of survey research in terms of data collection. This research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative section, the fuzzy Delphi method is discussed, which identifies, confirms or screens research factors. In the quantitative part, using the fuzzy denp technique, first the research factors are evaluated using the fuzzy dimtel method and then the research criteria and sub-criteria are ranked by the fuzzy ANP method. First, an in-depth study of the subject literature and domestic and foreign research was conducted to extract the basic principles and previous studies on the extraction of key factors during library studies. Then, a questionnaire containing 20 indicators affecting the acceptance of mobile commerce was provided to the members of the expert group. In this questionnaire, they were asked to specify the importance of each of the identified factors and indicators, and if there is a specific case that they do not mention in this study, to add it. After reviewing the answers, the final indicators and factors were identified. The fuzzy Delphi technique was performed in three rounds. In the results of this method, 15 indicators in 6 dimensions were extracted in 3 steps. Then, using Denp technique, the weights of the criteria were determined. Among the main criteria, individual user with a weight of 0.2445, first place, social with a weight of 0.181, second place, reliability with a weight of 0.1761, third place, perceived value with a weight of 0.1562, technical / technology with a weight of 0.1496, fifth place and customer orientation with Weight 0.0925 ranked sixth. Based on this, the validity criterion was ranked first among 15 sub-criteria. Individual innovation and online experience ranked second and third, respectively.

    Keywords: Mobile Commerce, Fuzzy Delphi Technique, Denp Method
  • Zahra Askari, Esmaeil Hasanpour*, Mohammad Hosein Ranjbar, Serajoddin Mohebi Pages 92-104
    Purpose

    The main purpose of this study was to provide a model for the development of Internet TV in Iran with a marketing approach.

    Method

    The present study was applied-developmental in terms of purpose and exploratory mixed research in terms of nature. The statistical population was in the quality department, professors and specialists of Internet TV, as well as experts and activists in this department. The experts were identified by purposive sampling and snowball sampling, which according to the adequacy of the data, a total of 25 experts were interviewed. The statistical population in a small part was 384 ordinary and Internet TV audiences in Isfahan. In the qualitative part, the interview was used as a data collection tool and in the quantitative part; a 58-item questionnaire was used. The research method in the qualitative part was thematic analysis and in the quantitative part the researcher used the structural equation approach and Smart PLS software.

    Findings

    The results confirmed that the identification of components and elements of the Internet TV development model and the relationship between these components and elements by considering the marketing approach led to the development and promotion of Internet TV and by providing and facilitating the conditions And the necessary facilities will make more audiences interested in using these services. Finally, the result of this research is to provide a suitable model for the development of Internet TV with a marketing approach.

    Conclusion

    The results obtained in the structural equations section were evidence that all the designed relationships in the qualitative section are approved and all components of the model have significant relationships with each other.

    Keywords: Internet TV Protocol, Marketing Approach, Thematic Analysis
  • Hosein Iranfard, Mahmoud Reza Mohammad Taheri*, Mohammad Soltanifar Pages 105-112
    Purpose

    The aim of this research was determine the relationship of communication skills with life satisfaction in students of Islamic Azad University.

    Methodology

    This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from type of correlation. The research population were the students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran city in the 2019-20 academic years with number of 190,000 people. The sample size based on Krejcie and Morgan table was calculated 384 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected with using the communication skills test-revised (Queendom, 2004) and life satisfaction scale (Huebner, 1991) and analyzed by methods of Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with stepwise model in SPSS-19 software.

    Findings

    The results showed that communication skills and all its dimensions including the ability to receive and send message, emotional control, listening skill, insight into the communication process and communication with determination had a positive and significant relationship with life satisfaction in students (P<0.01). Communication skills significantly could predict 33.6% and among the dimensions of communication skills, three dimensions of listening skill, communication with determination and the ability to receive and send message together could predict 60.8% of life satisfaction changes in students (P<0.001), but the dimensions of emotional control and insight into the communication process did not enter the equation due to the lack of a significant increase in the amount of prediction (P>0.05).

    Conclusion

    According to the results of the present study, communication skills had a significant relationship with life satisfaction and were able to predict a significant part of it. Therefore, planning to improve life satisfaction in students is essential by increasing their communication skills with the help of workshops.

    Keywords: Communication skills, life satisfaction, students
  • Seyedeh Masoumeh Nasser Sheykholeslami, Masoumeh Oladian*, Abolfazl Bakhtiari Pages 113-126
    Purpose

    The aim of this study was to design and validate an empowerment model for primary school teachers based on the study approach using the opinion of experts.

    Methodology

    The method of the present study was applied based on the purpose and qualitative based on the nature of the data. The statistical population in the qualitative part of the research included education experts and top teachers in education areas. The sample size in the qualitative part was selected using the principle of theoretical saturation and purposive sampling. Interview tools were used to collect data in the present study. The validity and reliability of the instruments were reviewed and confirmed. In the qualitative part, the data analysis method was theoretical coding which was done using MAXQDA software and grounded theory method.

    Findings

    The results of factor analysis showed that out of 120 available indicators (items), 18 main components were identified. Accordingly, the components of knowledge, skill, attitude as identifying factors and individual factors, organizational factors and group factors were identified as effective factors.

    Conclusion

    The results also showed that between the scores of teachers who participated and did not participate in the research process in the standards of educational design and planning, creating and maintaining a learning atmosphere, implementing and conducting teaching, measuring and communicating with learning outcomes, evaluation and reflection of learning and teaching, cooperation For most teachers, there is a significant difference in activities to enhance content knowledge and teaching technology. Therefore, it can be said that research can lead to the development of teachersabilities.

    Keywords: Empowerment, Primary teachers, Study approach
  • Nasim Mohamadi, Kiomars Niaz Azari*, Negin Jabari Pages 127-135
    Purpose

    The aim of this research was identifying the causes of social isolation and designing its model in female students of first period of high school.

    Methodology

    This study was applied in terms of purpose and combined in terms of implementation (qualitative and quantitative). The research population in the qualitative part of documents and resources and educational management experts and in the quantitative part of female high school students in Gorgan in the academic year 1398-99, which was 180 people. The research sample in the qualitative section according to the principle of theoretical saturation included documents and resources related to social isolation and 10 educational management experts who were selected by purposive sampling method and in the quantitative section according to Cochranchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s formula, including 180 female high school students Were selected by cluster sampling method. Data were collected by phishing methods, interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire (39 items) whose construct validity and convergence of the questionnaire were confirmed and its reliability was obtained by Cronbach alpha method of 0.96. Data were analyzed by open and axial coding methods, factor analysis and structural equation modeling using MAXQDA software.

    Findings

    The findings of the qualitative part showed that social isolation has six components and 40 indicators including socio-economic anomalies (7 indicators), individual variables (9 indicators), role of parents (5 indicators), strengthening social relations (6 indicators), psychological interactions (10 Index) and family level (3 indicators). The findings of the quantitative part showed that social isolation model had a good fitting and every six factors of socio-economic anomalies, individual variables, role of parents, strengthening social relationships, , psychological interactions and family level had a significant effect on social isolation (P<0.05).

    Conclusion

    According to the results, social science experts can used from designed social isolation model of this research to reduce the social isolation that for this purpose it is necessary to pay attention to the role of effective components in it.

    Keywords: Social isolation, designing model, students
  • Pari Tatar, Faramarz Malekian* Pages 136-147
    Purpose

    The present study aims to present a model for teaching organizational citizenship behavior in the education organization based on the data theory strategy. For this purpose, the factors affecting the training of organizational citizenship behavior in the education organization were identified.

    Method

    The present study is applied in terms of purpose. In order to achieve a rich description of the experiences, attitudes and perceptions of the interviewees towards the training of organizational citizenship behavior, the qualitative research method and in particular the strategy of data theory (systematic approach) was used to achieve a paradigm model. The target population of this study included professors, academic experts and directors of education in Kermanshah province. Sampling in the present study was purposeful, in which 14 people were selected from the mentioned individuals. In this research, interview tools have been used to collect the views of individuals related to the training of organizational citizenship behavior in the education and training organization.

    Findings

    The results showed that causal conditions (employee empowerment; decentralization; staff awareness of organizational citizenship behavior); Central phenomena (chivalry and forgiveness, conscientiousness; organizational spirituality; respect and esteem; civic virtue); Strategic factors (organizational contexts, fair and rapid feedback; observance of justice in the organization; policy making; growth of employee motivation); Interfering conditions (personality traits; cultural, social, political and economic conditions); Underlying conditions (organizational culture, transformational leadership, organizational support) and consequences (effectiveness and improvement of organizational performance; employee satisfaction; organizational commitment, cooperation and participation) affect the training of organizational citizenship behavior in the education organization.

    Conclusion

    The results indicate the effect of each of the different categories on the training of organizational citizenship behavior, so to succeed in this regard, special attention should be paid to these categories. Therefore, in order to achieve higher effectiveness and proper use of employees with extra-role behaviors, the education organization needs to consider and implement the necessary program and preparation for training organizational citizenship behaviors.

    Keywords: Education, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Transformational Behavior
  • Somayeh Abbaspour, Ali Asghar Abbasi Esfjir*, Ali Rahmani Firoozjah Pages 148-158
    Purpose

    A dormitory life faces many challenges and relatively much research has been done about it, so the purpose of this study was meta-analysis of studies conducted about dormitory life in Iran.

    Methodology

    The present study was an application from type of meta-analysis. The research population was the studies and researches conducted about dormitory life in scientific information databases between 2004-19 years, which number of 20 researches based on the inclusion criteria were selected as a sample by purposive sampling method. Data were collected by note taking method and analyzed by methods of reverse questionnaire and frequency and frequency percentage in SPSS software version 23.

    Findings

    All 20 researches were reviewed based on study method, type of study, tools and techniques of data collection, sampling method and level of data analysis. According to the findings, the problems of dormitory life respectively were included of homesickness feeling, economic problems, lack of sports facilities, poor food, lack of extracurricular activities, lack of study space, lack of health facilities, lack of recreational and welfare facilities, lack of recreational, scientific and research camp, lack of counselors and guides, lack of individual and group skills training workshops, lack of planning for student holidays, dormitory rules, student congestion in rooms and public space, dormitory officials, lack of room space, lack of programs to divide students in the room, incompatibility some students, lack of religious group activities and unfamiliar dormitory supervisors with the students morale. Also, solutions to reduce the problems of dormitory life respectively were included of increasing counseling workshops, increasing sports facilities, increasing the quality of nutrition, holding classes and increasing the level of knowledge of managers, increasing the quality of health and care, the presence of counselors in dormitories, increasing discourse with focus of interactions, increasing study hall, holding recreational, scientific and research camp, increasing students awareness of social harms, teaching strategies to reduce stress and anxiety and holding extracurricular classes.

    Conclusion

    Considering the problems of dormitory life and solutions to reduce them, by improving the dormitory conditions it is possible provided the background to reducing tensions and improving quality of dormitory life.

    Keywords: meta-analysis, dormitory life, pathology, solutions
  • Sajjad Farokhipour*, Hadi Khoshnoudi, Afsheen Rezai, Ehsan Mostafapour Pages 159-169
    Purpose

    With respect to the rich theoretical underpinnings of positive psychology (PP), the current study aims to investigate the effects of an extra educational curriculum on the basis of PP on distress and attainment of Iranian high school students who are living in dormitories in boarding schools.

    Methodology

    To this aim, a sample of 346 male students were selected through convenience sampling. A translated and validated version of K10 distress questionnaire was administered to them and 67 students with high distress symptoms were identified and randomly allocated to a control group (N=23) and two experimental groups (N= 22 for each). First, the experimental group underwent 16 sessions of PP curriculum with the later was treated with PP curriculum integrated with religious counseling. Employing a post-test only control-group design, the group’s performance on a distress Likert scale (GHQ) was compared after the intervention. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the difference between the groups.

    Findings

    Findings revealed that positive curriculum alleviated distress symptoms of the experimental groups vis-à-vis the control (χ2 (2) = 52.851, p = 0.000). Also, to investigate the effect of the intervention on educational attainment, their semester mean scores were analyzed through ANOVA ((F (2, 66) = 8.244, p = 0.00) where promising results were obtained.

    Conclusion

    Finally, in light of the findings, a number of pedagogical implications are suggested.

    Keywords: Distress, Kruskal-Wallis, Positive Education, Positive Psychology
  • Haniye Eskandari, Yahya Dadashkarimi*, Abdollah Hojjati Pages 170-182
    Purpose

    The present study aims to determine the pattern of public welfare governance with the approach of social justice development of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare. This research is one of the types of basic-applied studies.

    Methodology

    It is a mixed method in terms of practical purpose and in terms of how to collect information is descriptive and correlational. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews and in order to collect information, by using purposive sampling method, 15 experts familiar with the topics were interviewed. The statistical population included all employees of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare. In East Azerbaijan province, which is equal to 98 people, the sampling method is relative stratum and the sample size is 80 people.

    Findings

    By classifying 322 key concepts, 18 categories were obtained which were placed in the form of 7 main categories such as participation, accountability, efficiency and effectiveness, adoption and rule of law, accountability of managers, transparency and justice.

    Conclusion

    In the para-permanent model of combating corruption and central justice of the causal category, transparency and anti-corruption of the underlying category, accountability and responsibility of the environmental category, participation and involvement of organizations in governing the strategic category and effectiveness and efficiency, the consequences of the model Governance is public welfare.

    Keywords: Governance model, public welfare, development of social justice, data foundation theory, paradigm
  • Mozhgan Ahmadi, Ali Gholipoursoleimani, Narges Delafroz, Kambiz Shahrodi Pages 183-193
    Purpose

    The present study was developed and implemented with the aim of presenting a model for predicting consumer shopping behavior with the emphasis on understanding the brand of Shahrvand store.

    Method

    In order to achieve the objectives of the research, a qualitative and exploratory approach of data-based theory was used. The necessary sample for research questions was obtained through theoretical sampling method and the necessary data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews until theoretical saturation. In total, 10 interviews were conducted with experts in the fields of marketing and industrial management, general psychology, representatives and employees of chain stores. To analyze the data, the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin was used by going through three stages of open, axial and selective coding and finally the paradigm model of the research was presented.

    Results

    At the end of data analysis, 94 concepts were identified in the form of 19 categories and 6 main categories. The results showed that perceived brand satisfaction, brand communication and enjoyable motivations were introduced as causal and effective conditions for creating a central category of consumer status, branding based on behavior, consumer perception and expectations of services, and through Perceived strategies, perceived after-sales service, perceived value creation for the consumer all lead to the consequences of repetitive buying behavior, brand affiliation and brand loyalty.

    Conclusion

    Based on the findings of the store, relationship marketing and internal branding of the store were identified as background Conditions and perception of environmental factors and perceived consumer experience as intervening conditions.

    Keywords: Consumer Behavior, Consumer Purchasing Behavior Prediction, Brand Perception, Shahrvand Store
  • Fatemeh Mohkamkar, Ladan Salimi*, Vahid Fallah Pages 194-203
    Purpose

    The aim of this research was developing an environmental curriculum pattern based on self-management in secondary school: A qualitative study.

    Methodology

    The present study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative. The research population was curriculum experts of Iran in the field of environmental curriculum based on self-management in 2021 year. The research sample according to the theoretical saturation principle was estimated 15 people who after examining the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling method. To collect data were used from take noting and semi-structured interviews methods which its validity and reliability were confirmed. Finally, data were analyzed by themes analysis method.

    Findings

    The findings showed that environmental curriculum based on self-management in secondary school in the field of objectives element including the organizing themes of critical thinking skill promotion, constructive thinking promotion, behavioral strategies, environmental knowledge and cognition promotion, environmental culture promotion, internalization of environmental values, ecologic sustainability and natural reward strategies, in the field of content element including the organizing themes of consolidated content, applied content, development of thinking skills, alignment with humanities and ethics sciences, comprehensiveness of content, development of managerial skills and integrated and combined content, in the field of teaching and learning strategies element including the organizing themes of being practical, being interactive and being exploratory and in the field of evaluation element including the organizing themes of being rational, evaluation based on situation, evaluation based on evidence and feedback from evaluation. Finally, based on the organizing and basic themes in the areas of objectives, content, teaching and learning strategies and evaluation, was designed the environmental curriculum pattern based on self-management in secondary school

    Conclusion

    Experts and planners based on the results of this research can improve the environmental curriculum based on self-management.

    Keywords: Curriculum, environmental, self-management, students
  • Afsaneh Alijani Tori, Hamed Barjesteh*, Reza Biria Pages 204-219
    Purpose

    An important facet in learning a language is expanding reading comprehension capability. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of implementation bias tasks through cooperative learning and gender on the reading comprehension process of Iranian intermediate EFL learners.

    Methodology

    Two groups of 30 learners took part as a control group and an experimental group. Primarily the participants took The Preliminary English Test (PET) as a reading comprehension pretest. Then the experimental group instructed through the precepts of bias tasks in cooperative learning. However, the control group instructed through traditional instruction. Finally, the participants took the reading comprehension post-test.

    Findings

    The result of two-way ANCOVA revealed that bias tasks through cooperative learning improved EFL learner reading comprehension skills.

    Conclusion

    Also, findings demonstrated that the means reading scores did not differ noticeably between male and female groups on both pretest and posttest. This task in cooperative learning can be utilized either in the classroom or in instructor training.

    Keywords: Bias Tasks, Cooperative Learning, Gender, Reading Comprehension, Differentiated Instruction
  • Azam Paripour*, Faezeh Nategi, Mohamad Reza Sarmadi, Mozhgan Naeeni Pages 220-231
    Porpuse

    The present study was conducted with the aim of validating the quality evaluation model of combined education in higher education based on the CIP evaluation approach

    Methodology

    The present study is an applied study in terms of purpose and is a cross-sectional research in terms of method and time of data collection. The statistical population included students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran in 1399 and 140 people participated in this study by sampling power analysis method. A researcher-made questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale including 9 main categories, 20 sub-categories and 83 items was used to collect data. Convergent validity, divergent validity and HTMT index were used to validate the questionnaire and a value greater than 0.7 was obtained in all categories. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach alpha, combined reliability and Rho coefficient and was calculated greater than 0.7 in all categories. Also, the total Cronbachchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s alpha of the questionnaire was 0.891. To investigate the conceptual model of the research, the partial least squares method and Smart PLS software version 2 have been used.

    Findings

    The results showed that the use of appropriate assessment methods leads to the growth of students knowledge and skills. This growth will eventually lead to satisfaction with the quality of teaching, practicality and field of study.

    Conclusion

    Based on the achievements of this study, it was found that the appropriate selection of managers by increasing the capability and desirability of their role will pave the way for appropriate methods of evaluation.

    Keywords: CIIP evaluation approach, evaluation model, quality of combined education, higher education
  • Nassereddinali Taghavian*, Hamed Taheri Kia Pages 232-244

    The present article aims to study the gender oppression of female students in the context of the existing relations at Iranian universities. University community is the only mixed community, gender-wise, in Iranian administrative-governmental settings, with a very different cultural diversity and circulation. Therefore, scores of situations, in which gender and sexual encounters are possible, arise amid everyday university relationships. Although the issue of male professors’ sexual and gender encounters with female students has been publicized in Iran, it has been mostly ignored in research studies. The present article focuses on an aspect of sexual and gender encounter that has been overlooked in different studies. To this end, ten universities were selected and in-depth interviews were conducted with 146 female students. The findings of the study show that when the Islamic cultural principle of gender relationship boundaries is regarded firmly or violated by male professors, the triad of ‘violence’, ‘discrimination’ and ‘exploitation’ will emerge, resulting in gender oppression toward female students.

    Keywords: oppression, university, female student, Iran