نشریه سوخت و ساز و فعالیت ورزشی
سال دهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1399)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise with and without BFR on mitochondrial dynamic and mitophagy proteins of human skeletal muscle. In a cross-sectional study, five young men (age: 33.4 ± 2.30 year, weight: 79.64 ± 10.49 kg, BMI: 26.24 ± 2.27kg/cm2) performed two aerobic exercise intervention with BFR (EX+BFR) and without BFR (EX) in two separate days. The aerobic exercise included 5 bouts of 2-min activities, interspersed by 1 min active rest which performed with and without BFR. Western Blot method was used to measure the protein levels of MFN2, DRP1, BCL2 and Parkin of skeletal muscle. Data analysis was performed using T test at a significant level of 0.05. The results of the data analyze showed that both EX+BF and EX significantly increased MFN2 and Parkin and also significantly decreased DRP1 compared to the pre-test (p < 0.05). However, EX+BF resulted in a significant increase protein levels of BCL2 compared to the pre-test (p < 0.05). Also, EX+BF has a significant effect on MFN2, BCL2 and Parkin elevation and DRP1 decrease in compared to EX (p < 0.05). Based on the findings of this study, it seems that aerobic exercise with and without BFR is a strong stimulant for the improvement of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy of skeletal muscle.

Increasing age and sedentary lifestyle cause physiological obesity. Exercising and using some supplements can improve this condition. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 12weeks of aerobic-resistance training and complete consumption of ursolic acid on irisin levels and inflammatory factors in overweight middle-aged men.

34 men in the semi-experimental design were randomly divided into three groups of combined exercise-supplement (one)12people, exercise-combination-placebo (two)12people, supplement group (three)10people. The training groups performed 12weeks, three sessions per week, consecutive days-separate aerobic exercises with an intensity of 60 to 75%HRmax and resistance exercises with an intensity of 60 to 75%1RM. Groups two and three received 450 mg of ursolic acid supplement in three meals daily. Blood samples were taken 24hours before the first and 48hours after the last training session.

Irisin levels increased which was significant between groups one and two (P = 0.001) and one and three (P = 0.001) but there was no significant difference between groups two and three. (P = 1). Also, IL6 and CRP levels decreased in three groups, this decrease in IL6 and CRP between groups one and two (P = 0.004), (P = 0.001) and one and three (P =0.004), (P = 0.001) respectively.it was significant but between two and three (P = 0.232), (P = 0.078) was not significant

The results showed that increasing irisin, decreasing inflammatory factors due to aerobic-resistance training and urosolic acid supplementation reduces fat levels and is useful for inactive overweight people.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the expression of lncRNAs associated with Glucose 6 phosphatase (G6P) and Glucokinase (GCK) in obese diabetic mice.

Eighteen C57BL/6 mice with weight (12-18 g) and age (4-6 weeks) were divided into two groups: mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) (n=12) and mice fed a standard diet (n=6). The animals for 16 weeks were treated with diet. After confirmation of induction of diabetes by glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests, the HFD-fed group was divided into two groups: A) high-fat diet-exercise, B) high-fat diet-sedentary. The exercised mice were trained on a treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 sessions per week at an average speed of 22 m/min for 50 minutes. Twenty-four hours after the last training session and after 12 hours of fasting, the mice were sacrificed and the liver tissue was isolated. Based on bioinformatics results, MEG3 lncRNA associated with G6P and lncRNA lncLGR associated with GCK were selected. ANOVA test was used.

The levels of G6P and MEG3 were significantly higher in the HFD-fed mice and significantly lower in trained mice compared to untrained mice. The expression of GCK and lncLGR were also lower in untrained diabetic rats, but increased after exercise.

Aerobic exercise may regulate G6P expression in the liver by reducing MEG3 expression, resulting in decreased gluconeogenesis and hepatic glucose production and improved insulin resistance in the diabetic mice. The expression of hepatic GCK also increases following exercise and increased lncLGR expression. In this condition, blood glucose is stored in glycogen in the liver, resulting in reduced hyperglycemia.

in this research, levels of metabolic enzymes, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK-4) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) and their relationship with blood glucose, lactate and lipid profile were studied in response to a single bout of Crossfit exercise in fasting and fed state.

23 healthy female sport science students with minimum of 3 years regular training were randomly assigned into fast control, fed control, fast Crossfit and fed Crossfit groups. At the end of the session, rating of perceived exertion was estimated by OMNI scale and blood samples were collected. Two-way analysis of variances and Pearson test were used at the alpha level .05 in SPSS 22.

glucose, TG, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, PDK-4 and CPT-1 mean levels had not any significant differences between groups (P > .05). Plasma lactate level was higher in Crossfit groups compared to controls (P = .045). Serum PDK-4 was positively correlated with CPT-1 (r = .550, P = .007) and negatively correlated with lactate levels (r = .600, P = .003).

fasting and feeding had not any effect on metabolic indices, nor in resting neither after exercise. Higher lactate levels after Crossfit exercise and no difference in PDK-4 and CPT-1 compared with resting, probably suggest more contribution of glucose for energy production via aerobic and anaerobic pathways in this protocol.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of aerobic exercise on cognitive function and mitochondrial dynamics in the hippocampal tissue of male Wistar rats with Alzheimer's disease.

For this purpose, 21 male Wistar rats at 20 months of age were randomly divided into 3 groups: Alzheimer's disease (n = 7), Alzheimer's disease + aerobic exercise (n = 7) and control group (n = 7). Alzheimer's disease was induced by intrahippocampal injection of Aβ42 (1 microliter per side). Seven days after surgery, the exercise group performed 4 weeks of treadmill training (5 days per week at a speed of 10 to 15 m/min). Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the animals underwent behavioral tests. Twenty-four hours after the behavioral test, all rats were killed and hippocampal tissue was extracted. The mRNA expression of OPA1, Mfn2 and Drp1 genes was assayed using Real Time-PCR. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Ethical Considerations: All stages of the study were conducted according to the ethical guidelines and authorization of Research Deputy of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch No. IR.IAU.TMU.REC.1399.124.

The results showed that spatial learning (P ≤ 0.001) and memory performance (P ≤ 0.001) as well as the gene expression of OPA1 (P ≤ 0.001) and Mfn2 (P ≤ 0.001) in animals with Alzheimer's disease decreased compared to the control group, while the gene expression of Drp1 increased (P ≤ 0.001). Aerobic exercise in patient animals improved spatial learning (P ≤ 0.001) and memory performance (P ≤ 0.001), increased hippocampal OPA1 (P ≤ 0.001) and Mfn2 (P ≤ 0.001) genes expression, and decreased Drp1 gene expression compared with Alzheimer's disease group (P ≤ 0.001).

In general, it seems that aerobic exercise can improve spatial learning and memory performance in Alzheimer's disease by modulating abnormal mitochondrial dynamics. کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Neutrophils contain myeloperoxidase enzyme, which is involved in many cellular processes by producing oxidants and catalyzing hypochlorous acid. On the other hand, from middle age, physiological protection against oxidative stress starts to decrease. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine myeloperoxidase and total oxidative status changes in healthy trained middle-aged men participating in regular recreational exercise training and untrained subjects.

20 trained (age 53.85±2.94, BMI 25.47±1.6, VO2max 42.38±2.8) and 17 untrained (age 54.17±2.83, BMI 27.83±1.12, VO2max 31.86±1.67) subjects participated in the study. Subjects performed a modified Bruce treadmill test as a model of progressive exercise training. Blood samples were taken before (T0), immediately after (T1) and one hour after the end of the test (T2).

There was no significant changes in pretest myeloperoxidase level in both groups, but these values were significantly changed in untrained group compared to the trained group at T1 and T2. Total oxidant status levels in both groups increased significantly after completing the test compared to the pretest.

Regular participation in recreational exercise training can reduce the level of myeloperoxidase and total oxidative capacity of healthy middle-aged men, and may be a proper way to have a healthy lifestyle along with reduced immune system and oxidative stress markers caused by aging in middle-aged men.