نشریه مطالعات توسعه پایدار شهری و منطقه ای
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 4، تابستان 1400)

Religious tourism is a very important factor in the development of cities. Because it has a high potential for attracting tourists and it is one of the most important and prosperous types of tourism which has had significant effects on various aspects of society. Today, in the economy of many countries that are facing the export of single products such as oil, Religious tourism can generate a lot of revenue for tourist areas. Mehran is one of the most suitable transit-border cities for tourist-pilgrimage activities; Especially as the border crossing of the great Arbaeen congress and also the main traffic of the pilgrims of Atbat-E-Aliat, It is also one of the safest areas in the west of the country for economic activities; Therefore, its development needs to be in the context of proper planning and principled management in order for sustainable urban development to have a spatial appearance in it. The aim of the present study is to assess and evaluate the role of religious tourism in the sustainable development of Mehran. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical in which survey and documentary methods have been used. The statistical population of this study is 17435 people living in Mehran and 376 samples have been estimated using Cochran's formula..To select statistical samples, simple random sampling method has been exploited and to analyze the information the sample T-test and the Friedman test with SPSS software. Findings and research results indicate a positive and significant relationship between religious tourism and sustainable urban development of Mehran; As with a level of significance of 0.000 and 99% confidence; on average The most favorable effect on physical-spatial indicators (3.36), socio-cultural (3.27) and economic (3.25), respectively, But in the environmental dimension (3.30), considering that the items studied are negative indicators of the index, it has had a negative and adverse effect and challenging the city with environmental instability.

Zahedan City has had one of the most irregular trends in urban physical expansion over the past three decades. Absolute poverty and unemployment have increased the informal settlements and spatial-physical anomalies in this city. The present study was an attempt to conduct a sociological analysis of the impact of marginalization on urban management of Zahedan City in Karimabad region.The research method is the survey method and the data gathering tool is a questionnaire. The random sampling technique was used and the sample size was determined using the Cochran formula. Therefore, 375 questionnaires were distributed among residents aged between 18 and 70 years in the region. Data analysis was performed in SPSS and LISREL statistical software. The research findings indicate that most individuals had a high school diploma or lower education, an income of below 10 million Rails and had freelance and labor jobs, all of which sets the scene for social harms in the region. Thereafter, data normality was examined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. According to the results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the significance values for the economic, physical, service-environmental, and urban management variables were 0.090, 0.108, 0.070 and 0.051, respectively. Concerning the economic condition, physical condition, service-environmental and urban management condition, the results showed that the conditions are average and blow average in all dimensions, while urban management with 3.637 and with the highest average, it had the worst condition compared to other dimensions.Besides, the results indicated that the economic, physical, service-environmental and demographic components affect the urban management of Zahedan City. Regarding the improvement mechanism, in addition to the concern for economic needs, concepts related to urban control management, cultural activities and increasing of the awareness of marginalized people are taken into account.

Modeling of energy demand in different consumer sectors is an important step for better management and appropriate policy to increase productivity in the energy sector. The residential sector is one of the most important components of energy consumption in Iran and the Ilam province. The aim of this study was to investigate the energy demand function in the household sector of Ilam province. The research method was performed using an Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) and Regression of Seemingly Unrelated Equations for the period of 1988 to 2018. The results of the evaluation of the model as constrained and non-constrained models show that the self-price elasticity in these two cases is not significantly different from each other and all price elasticities agree with the theoretical foundations. Since the existence of homogeneity constraint in this model has been confirmed. The results of income elasticity show that this group is an essential commodity for households in Ilam province. The price elasticity of energy demand includes gas and electricity in the non-constrained model of -2.02 and in the constrained model of -0.04, which indicates the attractiveness of this group of goods in the consumption basket of households of Ilam. Also, the results of income elasticity of the unrestricted model show that the energy commodity group (including electricity and natural gas), another commodity group, clothing, and housing are among the luxury goods, and the health and food commodity group are among the essential goods. They are going. Also, based on income elasticities, the model of the constrained commodity group of energy (electricity and natural gas) is considered a semi-essential commodity. Housing and other commodity groups are also considered as luxury goods, as well as food and clothing commodity groups are considered as semi-essential goods groups and health goods groups are considered as essential commodity groups.

Landslide is always a serious threat to human settlements. In the Face of such accidents, little can be done at the moment of occurrence. Before that, its effects can be foiled with planning and for reduction of possible casualties and damages. The aim of the present study is to take a systematic look at natural hazards, including Landslide in order to draw up a scientific and accurate plan outlining for preparation and planning based on the use of spatial information systems and multi-criteria decision-making models in line with the zoning risk landslides and determining the direction of residential development is predictable. The present study extracted 15 effective criteria in landslide risk. Then using of the results of the evaluation of two models of (DEMATEL, FUZZY hierarchical analysis process) showed that the DEMATEL model is in accordance with the principles and laws of mathematical and has more certainty. While the process of FUZZY hierarchical analysis was only consistent with the knowledge and expertise rating. In the risk zone whit the DEMATEL model low risk, zones %37/1 (190/39 km2) it has the largest area of 513/12 square kilometers, have most area of surface. Also, high risk zone with %2/32 (11/89 km2), high and medium risk zones each with %34/33(176/13 km2) and low risk by 134/71(%26/25 km2) were next in the ranking. Zoning and risk with FUZZY hierarchical analysis, risk zone of very small allotment, %36/53(187/43 km2) and low risk zone of %17/73(90/96 km2) and medium risk zone %17/79(91/27 km2), and high risk zone of %16/84(86/41 km2), as well as very high risk zone%11/2(57/6 km2) were ranked.

The Creative cities are those that are able to offer new solutions to their daily problems. A creative city is a place for creativity to grow and develop in the city, for artistic creativity, scientific and technological innovation, the voice of a growing culture. Urban planners play a significant role in this regard. Therefore, the degree of creativity of cities is considered a critical issue for the development of large cities. Progressively moving toward a creative city is very necessary for spurring development, because the cities are those environments in which social, economic and cultural interactions take place. The purpose of the present research is to analyze the characteristics of the creative city using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) in Kermanshah. It is an applied research in terms of aim and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. In the process of preparing and collecting data, first the effective factors on the creative city of Kermanshah have been identified using the views of 30 city managers, professors and experts in universities and research centers through the Delphi method. To analyze the information of eight factors as strong influential factors on the creative city, the case of Kermanshah, Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) has been used and then analyzed by Mic Mac software. The results showed that the criteria of efficient transportation system and carbon-free energy system are the most effective and the criteria of strong social structure and safe houses are among the most effective factors and social dimension is the most significant indicator of creative city in Kermanshah. The results of Mick Mac also show that all factors belong to connective variables except green space factor.

The sense of place establishes an inseparable bond between the individuals and the place, leading to individual harmony and satisfaction with the environment while providing the necessary motivation to remain in the environment. The coffee shop is one of the main urban spaces, chosen not only for drinking tea or coffee but also for experiencing the meaning and emotions while spending some hours away from work and stress. Hence, it is necessary to know the factors that affect the sense of place and what puts humans in an internal relationship with the environment. This study generally aims to examine the concept of the sense of place and the factors affecting its creation, particularly the physical body in the coffee shop environment. Library and documentary studies have been used to collect data and the theoretical foundations of the research. The field survey method (observation, interview) has also been employed to investigate and analyze the physical components affecting the sense of place. According to the results, the physical component, influenced by ten indicators of color, geometry, materials, natural and artificial lights, scale, diversity, beauty, and natural elements, has the most significant contribution to the creation and promotion of the sense of place in the coffee shop. Examination of physical components in Blanche Café also showed that indicators of light, natural elements and spatial diversity are the most effective in promoting a sense of place in the sample. Finally, solutions are proposed to enhance the sense of place for each physical component.

The main objective of research is the spatial modeling of the land use map of Hamadan city to produce the noise pollution map. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Theoretical data were collected through library and research projects, statistics, existing books and articles, urban plans. Field information was also collected by observation method. In order to analyze the data, we first used the multi-variable model (FAHP) to evaluate the weight of the indicators, then the principles and criteria of neighboring criteria were extracted and identified and using the ARCGIS Tool Euclidean Distance was exploited. Generated maps do not have homogeneous units, In order to standardize is used to standardize and homogenize and also increase their flexibility from Fuzzy Membership fuzzy logic. After valuing and determining the weights, The results exert its influences in the GIS environment were affected by the Raster Calculator option in the layers, and finally using the Fuzzy overly tool with a 0.9% gamma The maps of layers in question have been integrated and spatially analyzed. The analysis of the results shows that in the area with very low risk of 7.34 percent of the total selected uses, the zone with a low risk of 6.02, a zone with a mean risk of 7.49 percent, in the zone with a high risk area of 38.67 percent of the number of 1354367035 existing uses is included.