فصلنامه سلامت و مراقبت
سال بیست و سوم شماره 1 (بهار 1400)

Covid-19 disease is the most important type of infectious diseases that is currently affecting the world. The aim of this study was to determine the role of risk perception and social isolation in predicting Covid-19 anxiety mediated by health anxiety in students.

The present study was a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in the second semester of 2020 with participation of 240 students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University who were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected online using risk perception of Ding et al, social isolation of Russell et al, Anxiety of Covid-19 Alipour et al and health anxiety of Salkowski et al questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and path analysis) using SPSS-25 and Lisrel 8.8 software.

The results showed that Covid-19 anxiety was negatively related to risk perception and positively and significantly correlated with social isolation and health anxiety variables. Also, health anxiety had a negative relationship with risk perception and a positive relationship with social isolation (p<0.001). Indicators of model fit including risk perception path on Covid-19 anxiety (-0.20), risk perception on health anxiety (-0.23), social isolation on Covid-19 anxiety, (0.17), social isolation on health anxiety (0.31) and health anxiety confirmed Covid-19 anxiety (0.59).

Based on our findings, health policy makers, including the Corona Anti-Corruption Headquarters and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, can control how training programs are designed to improve the psychological well-being of people in the Corona. They can teach people how to control their perception of risk and reduce social isolation and health anxiety.

One of the most important issues in the health sector, especially in medical centers, is the quality of care. The quality of care consists of a set of elements, among which patient safety is one of the most important. Nursing error, which is an unintentional error, affects the safety and quality of patient care. This study was performed to determine the relationship between patient safety culture and medication errors of nurses in Ardabil and Khalkhal hospitals.

This was a correlational study conducted in 2020. The study population included all nurses working in Ardabil and Khalkhal educational and medical centers, among them 300 samples were randomly selected. To collect data, the standard questionnaire of patient safety culture and self-made medication error tool were used. Data analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman tests using SPSS software version 16.

The results showed that the mean score of safety culture was 144.94 14 ±14.82 and the mean score of drug error were 38.96 6±6.04, which indicates the mean status of safety culture and less medication error, respectively. In regard to marital status, single nurses (p=0.001), working in surgery room (p=0.001) and people with promissory employment status (p=0.001) had fewer errors. There was an inverse relationship between age (p=0.001), work experience (p=0.001) and patient safety culture (p=0.001) with the rate of medication error.

The results of this study indicated that the high level of patient safety culture can reduce medication error. Therefore, health officials and hospitals, by holding classes and workshops and briefing programs, should work to promote patient safety culture in staffs of hospitals including doctors and nurses.

Frailty syndrome is one of the most common syndromes in old age that is associated with adverse health outcomes such as weakness, decreased performance and reduced quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between frailty syndrome and quality of life in the elderly referred to the emergency departments of Ardabil teaching hospitals in 2020.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 493 elderly people referred to the emergency department were selected by convenience sampling method. The SF12 questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life and the Fried indices were used to assess the frailty syndrome. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of variance, chi-square and multiple regression) using SPSS-22 software.

The results showed that 209 (42.4%) elderly had average quality of life. 202 patients (41%) had frailty and 172 patients (34.9%) had pre frailty. The results of Chi-square test showed that there was a significant relationship between frailty and quality of life. Linear regression analysis showed the variables of age, marital status, fall, family composition and frailty syndrome as predictors of quality of life in the elderly referred to the emergency department.

Frailty is associated with decreased quality of life in the elderly. Early detection of the elderly at risk of frailty and appropriate intervention in this field can prevent the decline in quality of life in the elderly.

Today, work life is an important part of life for most people and satisfaction and motivation in this area of life can indirectly overshadow the satisfaction of the whole life. The aim of this research was to investigate group counseling therapy based on time perspective on job satisfaction and work motivation of female nursing staff in Isfahan education hospitals at 2019.

This research was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control groups.
The population of research was included all female nursing staff in Isfahan educational hospitals in 2019, among them 30 nurses were selected by available sampling and assigned randomly between two experimental and control group each with 15 persons. Before intervention, job satisfaction and work motivation questionnaires used as pre-test between experimental and control group. Then, in experimental groupa, eight 90 minute-session therapies based on time perspective were performed. After holding counseling sessions, two questionnaires of job satisfaction and motivation were again administered among the experimental and control groups as a post-test. Univariate analysis of covariance was used for statistical analysis of research data.

The means of job satisfaction in the pre-test and post-test of the experimental group were 1.53 and 3.42, respectively, and in the pre-test and post-test of the control group were 1.26 and 1.60, respectively. The means of job motivation in the pre-test and post-test of the experimental group were 17.13 and 23, respectively, and in the pre-test and post-test of the control group were 10.20 and 10.80, respectively. The results showed significant difference between mean scores of experimental and control groups in job satisfaction and work motivation.

Having a healthy time perspective can affect the variables of motivation and job satisfaction in female nurses. Managers and educational supervisors of medical environments, by providing short-term and long-term training with a time vision approach, can improve the level of job satisfaction and motivation of nurses, and thus the quality of work life and productivity.

Multiple sclerosis is one of the most common neurological diseases and affects various aspects of a personchr('39')s life. The aim of this study was to compare the cognitive fusion, self-compassion and flourishing in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and normal individuals.

The research design was descriptive and comparative. The statistical population included all patients with MS under the supervision of the Mashhad MS Association in 2020, from which 40 people were selected by purposive sampling. For the normal group, 40 normal people matched to patient group were selected. The instruments used in this study were the cognitive fusion questionnaire of Gilanders et al, self-compassion questionnaire of Neff and Diener, Biswas-Diener Flourishing questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed with multivariate analysis of variance and logistic regression using SPSS-24.

The results of the present study showed that the mean scores of cognitive fusions in patients with multiple sclerosis (40.87±5.69) was higher than normal individuals (14.5±5.22), the mean scores of self-compassions in patients with multiple sclerosis (39.72±7.84) was less than normal people (76±9.53) and the mean score of flourishing in patients with multiple sclerosis (25.7±7.76) was less than normal people (47.42±5.75) (p<0.05). The results of logistic regression showed that cognitive fusion, self-compassion and flourishing predicted MS.

Based on the results of the present study patients with MS have higher cognitive fusion and lower self-compassion and flourishing than normal people. Given that psychological factors play an important role in the quality of life and improve performance of these people, it is necessary for counselors and therapists to consider the importance of psychological factors during the treatment of this disease.

Colorectal cancer and stoma surgery cause many problems for patients and lead to fundamental changes in life. One of these problems is sexual dissatisfaction, which due to wide-ranging effects on patientschr('39') marital lives, requires interventions to improve it. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy enriched with compassion on sexual satisfaction of patients with colorectal cancer after colostomy surgery.

The research was quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group. The study population was patients with colorectal cancer after colostomy surgery that referred to Isfahan Cancer Prevention and Control Center (Ala) in 2018, among them, 32 patients were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups with 16 people in each group. The Hudson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (1981) was used in the pre-test and post-test groups to measure dependent variable. The experimental group received 10 weekly sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy enriched with compassion. Post-test was performed one week after the sessions. The control group did not receive any treatment. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and covariance analysis.

Based on descriptive findings, the mean scores of sexual satisfaction in the experimental group increased in post-test (M=122.21), compared to pre-test (M=100.85), while the sexual satisfaction scores in the control group was relatively constant in the pre-test (M=100.50) and post-test (M=100.78) groups. According to the results of analysis of covariance, acceptance and commitment therapy enriched with compassion has led to a significant increase in sexual satisfaction scores of patients in experimental group (p<0.05).

Based on the results, it seems that treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy enriched with compassion can be used to improve symptoms associated with sexual satisfaction in patients with colorectal cancer after colostomy surgery.

Missed nursing care includes all aspects of the partial and general care needed by the patient that has been forgotten or delayed. The aim of this study was to determine the missed care and its related factors in nurses of Ardabil and Khalkhal educational and medical centers in 2020.

The present study was a descriptive-analytical study performed on 414 nurses of Ardabil and Khalkhal educational centers who were selected by random sampling method. Data collection tools were questionnaire of Kalish missed nursing care and its related factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and t-test, Chi-square, Pearson correlation and Mann-Whitney tests.

The mean and standard deviation of total score of missed nursing care was 40.47± 9.68 and the highest mean score of missed care was assigned to "rotating the patient every 2 hours" and the highest mean score of related factors with missed care was "the unavailability of drugs when needed". Also, there was no statistically significant difference between the views of nurses working in two universities in missed nursing care and its related factors.

The findings of this study showed that status of missed nursing care was moderate, which can be improved by planning and principled management. Also, the unavailability of all the medicines needed by the patients was the main related factor in the missed nursing care. These medicines and equipment needed by the patients can be provided by managing financial resources. It seems that providing the drugs needed by patients will play a key role in reducing neglected care.

Due to the role of psychological problems in the development and maintenance of chronic diseases such as diabetes, the investigating and implementation of effective interventions in patients is a necessity of current research; Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of group intervention therapy based on acceptance and commitment and group intervention of emotional regulation on glycosylated hemoglobin and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.

In this quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-test, follow up design with a control group, 45 cases were selected among diabetic patients referred to the Iranian Diabetes Prevention and Control Association in the second half of 2020. The participants selected by convenience sampling method and divided randomly in three groups of control (n=15), acceptance and commitment-based therapy (n=15) and emotional regulation intervention (n=15). Participants completed standard diabetic quality of life questionnaires before and after the intervention and three months after, and their serum glycosylated hemoglobin levels were recorded in these three time frames. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS statistical software using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that commitment and acceptance therapy and  emotional regulation were effective in improving of quality of life and reducing glycosylated hemoglobin levels in participants (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two intervention groups in effectiveness on glycosylated hemoglobin (p=0.99). However, the effectiveness of commitment-based and acceptance therapy on quality of life was higher than the emotional regulation intervention (p<0.05).

The results showed that emotional regulation and commitment and acceptance based treatments have increased patientschr('39') quality of life and decreased glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to improve the quality of life of patients and reduce the level of glycosylated hemoglobin, along with the usual educational and medical methods, emotional regulation interventions and treatment based on acceptance and commitment to be used according to the therapeutic goal.