مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم
سال پانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 110، خرداد 1400)

Adopting preventive behaviors of premenstrual syndrome as the key measure to prevent and control, i.e., affected by multiple characteristics. The current study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of female students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences about preventive behaviors of premenstrual syndrome using a health belief model, in 2021.

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 260 female students who were selected by a stratified sampling approach. The data collection tool was a questionnaire of demographic information, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of students based on the health belief model and preventive behaviors. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using Pearson correlation, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Independent Samples t-test, and multiple regression analysis at a significance level of 0.05.

There was a significant correlation between the mean score of behavior with attitude, benefits, self-efficacy, cues to action, and barriers (P=0.0001). Based on multiple regression analysis findings, performing physical activity per week and self-efficacy were the main predictors of preventive behaviors, respectively. Behavior-Correlated variables predicted the behavior adoption of 0.369.

Considering the correlation of variables with behavior, design, implementation, and evaluation of health education and promotion interventions using theories and models of behavior change are suggested.
 
Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Health Belief Model, Students, Premenstrual Syndrome

Supervision is a fundamental management activity in human resources. Supervision may be development/performance-based or both. Professors should take a holistic view of medical students, should not expect students to comply with many laws and regulations, and other aspects as individuals should not be overlooked. It appears that in the classroom, the supervisory role goes beyond the educational and support role. The current study aimed to explain the core components of classroom supervision as perceived by professors and medical students.

A qualitative content analysis (QCA) was utilized as the research design. Purposive sampling with maximum variation was used to select the participants from professors and medical students of basic and physiopathology sciences in the medical school of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Semi-structured interviews were the main approach to data collection. All the interviews were analyzed by two independent researchers and the sub-themes extracted from the interviews.

In this study, ten sub-themes were extracted from interviews. The theme of management supervision includes the attendance of students and making the classroom attractive. The theme of educational supervision consists of a variety of uses of teaching and learning styles, Justice in student assessment, Horizontal, and vertical integration, Evaluate the quality of teacherschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) teaching, and monitoring of all studentschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) academic achievement. The theme of supportive supervision includes the type of supportive services, identifying student concerns, and maintaining confidentiality in service delivery.

This study demonstrated the important components of class management in academic courses. To empower teachers in supervising and making efforts these components are simultaneously applied to a classroom. Thus, students can graduate with minimal stress, efficiency and personal and professional development.

Actinobacteria efficiently can produce different nanoparticles with various biological properties due to their ability to produce secondary metabolites. The present study aimed to examine the isolation and screening of gold nanoparticles via producing actinobacteria from the soil. We also studied their antibacterial activities.

In this study, after the isolation of actinobacteria, the accumulation of gold nanoparticles was investigated. This aim was achieved by changing the color of the reaction medium and its adsorption by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Then, for conducting confirmatory tests, ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering analysis was used. Phenotypic and molecular methods were applied to study the nanoparticle-producing actinobacterium isolate. The antibacterial activity of synthesized gold was explored on pathogenic bacteria.

Among the examined 35 Actinobacteria strains, one strain was biosynthesized nanoparticles; it indicated the maximum absorption at 537 nm, i.e., the characteristic of gold nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering analysis revealed an average size of 44.4 nm. The minimum inhibitory concentration of gold nanoparticles against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus was 5.8μg/mL, 11.7μg/mL, and 11.7μg/mL, respectively. Molecular analysis data revealed that the Actinobacteria isolate was Amycolatopsis sp. KMN. The isolate Amycolatopsis sp. strain KMN presented 99.82% homology to Amycolatopsis methanolica239.

Overall, according to the obtained results, nanoparticles biosynthesized using Actinobacter cell extract suggested different properties, making them a suitable candidate for further research concerning nanomedicines.

The World Health Organization (WHO) introduces appropriate physical inactivity among the 5 main causes of obesity and overweight. This study aimed to identify the determinants of physical activity among female students based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT).

 A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 640 female junior high school students in Rafsanjan City, Iran. The study sample was selected by cluster random sampling approach. The data collection tool was a three-part questionnaire for demographic information, physical activity behavior assessment, and its determinants based on SCT. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS using the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation, and multivariate regression analysis at a significant level of 0.05.

The mean score of physical activity time was 79.28 (min/week) in the study participants. Except for environmental factors, the explore studentschr('39') level of physical activity presented a statistically significant relationship with other constructs of SCT, higher level of parental education, lower body mass index, and membership in sports teams. The multivariate regression analysis data suggested social reinforcement as the strongest predictor of physical activity (P=0.004, β=0.129).

The rate of physical activity of 95.8 female students was less than the WHO’s recommendation (60 minutes per day). Therefore, it is recommended to design, implement, and evaluate interventional programs at the social level.

Coronavirus Disease (2019) (COVID-19) not only threatens the physical health of individuals but also causes multiple mental conditions. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 concerns on student-athletes chr('39') mental health with the modifying role of social support.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted using the field research method and gender-based multi-group analysis. The statistical population consisted of student-athletes from Region 9 of Iran. Using G*Power, the statistical sample was determined to be 146 subjects who were selected by simple random sampling technique. The Keyes Mental Health Questionnaire (2006) and the Social Support and COVID-19 Concerns Questionnaire (Graupensperger, 2020) were used to collect the required data after their validity and reliability were confirmed. The collected data were analyzed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method.

The study data revealed that COVID-19 concern presents a significant negative impact on student-athletes’ mental health. Social support also played a modifying role in the relationship between COVID-19 concern and the examined subjects’ mental health and undermined this relationship. Moreover, the PLS-MGA results revealed no gender-wise significant difference in this respect.

Concerns about COVID-19 adversely affect studentschr('39') mental health. Additionally, social support can positively influence this population’s mental health and reduce the negative impact of COVID-19 disease on their mental health.

Although proper morphology and motility of sperm can be one of the most important factors influencing male fertility, however, these parameters cannot play a decisive role in the health of sperm DNA. As a result, in addition to reducing the quality of sperm parameters in oligospermia individuals, sperm DNA damage or chromatin abnormalities of the sperm nucleus may also play a role in infertility. In this study, the relationship between sperm parameters and sperm DNA damage, and chromatin disorders of the sperm nucleus in oligospermia individuals was investigated.

This descriptive correlation study was performed on semen samples taken from 40 men with oligozoospermia. Thus, sperm parameters were evaluated. The fragmentation of sperm DNA, histone residue percentage, and sperm protamine deficiency were examined by SCD, aniline blue staining, and chromamycin A3 evaluation, respectively. FSH was assessed through blood samples from patients. Pearson correlation was used for correlation between the parameters. The significance level was considered P<0.05.

In this study, there was a significant correlation between DNA fragmentation and FSH level. Also, chromatin deficiency disorders and DNA fragmentation showed a significant correlation. In addition, there was a significant correlation between excess histone and DNA fragmentation.

In oligospermia, DNA fragmentation is associated with sperm chromatin abnormalities and damage to their sperm DNA, and is a possible cause of infertility.

Efflux pumps are among the main mechanisms for antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli (E.coli) strains. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between 5 efflux pump genes; acrA, acrB, emrA, emrB, and mdtk and fluoroquinolone resistance in E.coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, clinical samples were collected from several medical centers in Qom City, Iran, from June 2017 to September 2017. After the detection and primary identification of E.coli isolations using culture and biochemical tests, the antimicrobial susceptibility strains to the fluoroquinolones, such as Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, and Levofloxacin were determined by disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Identifying the genes encoding efflux pumps was performed in sensitive and resistant strains by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique.

Of the collected 170 clinical samples, 100 strains of E.coli were isolated and identified based on phenotypic characteristics. Evaluating antibiotic susceptibility of the strains demonstrated that 63(63%) isolates presented resistance to fluoroquinolones. PCR assay demonstrated that the prevalence of acr- AB, emrAB, and mdtk genes among fluoroquinolones resistant isolates were equal to 100%, 98%, and 94%, respectively. Furthermore, the frequency of the mentioned genes in fluoroquinolone-sensitive isolates was measured to be 34.2%, 27.02%, and 13.5%, respectively.

The present research results revealed that the presence of acrAB, emrAB, and mdtk efflux pumps genes is potentially a factor in resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics. The presence of these genes in sensitive strains may indicate that the genes are not transcribed or translated. According to the high resistance of E.coli strains to fluoroquinolone antibiotics, it is recommended that antibiotic susceptibility testing be performed before starting treatment.