نشریه مدیریت کسب و کارهای بین المللی
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 15، پاییز 1400)

Management means decision making and the importance of decision making is more prominent when adopting a strategy. Hence, support systems are very important for decision making and adopting a proper strategy. In the meantime, mathematical models and multi-criteria decision making can be helpful for prioritizing and adopting the right strategy for an organization. In the present paper, multi-criteria decision making method and relevant algorithms have been used to provide a mathematical model with computer implementation features for decision making in order to prioritize and adopt strategies in multinational companies. Accordingly, in order to adopt and prioritize the proper strategy in line with the missions, goals, conditions and status of the organization, a mathematical model is presented based on multi-criteria decision making. This model helps senior managers to decide on developing strategic plans and enables them to identify the factors of adopting a strategy and adopt the desired strategies in regard to the expectations and possibilities of the organization. Presenting standard indicators (cost, time, risk, internal context and external superiority), having no quantitative and qualitative restrictions in considering options and indicators, flexibility in changing and frequency of indicators and their weights as well as the ease of implementation and its ability of being implemented based on software systems are some of the reasons for the importance of this model.

Due to the strategic importance of manufacturing companies in the national and provincial economy for reasons such as having a very important share in employment, participation in regional development, development of international trade, etc. One of the most important decisions of organizations, Is to pay attention to the choice of entry mode in the process of internationalization of companies. The experience of company entering the international market is a stimulus for the global. The purpose of this research is to design local model of strategies for Iranian companies to enter international markets. The present study is a descriptive survey and applied in terms of purpose. After reviewing the theoretical foundations and research background using the opinion of 15 marketing experts and university professors who had at least 15 years of experience in executive and research activities in the field of international marketing dimensions and components Keys were identified by FD. Then model design with FISM was used to build a native model of entering international markets. Then using pairwise comparison questionnaire and the range of one to four fuzzy triangles and FDEMATEL, the intensity of relationships between the dimensions of the research is investigated. The results shown that dimension of government support is the most effective dimension and strategies for entering international markets in the present article were recognized as the most influential dimension among the dimensions studied. The results of research can provide a comprehensive view to researchers and companies with the aim of internationalizing and entering these markets.

Today, platforms success cause platform business model changes to a successful business model in world level. But thing causes platform valuable is facilitate interactions that in this regard analysis and study of customers and servants’ expectations as customers of platforms is more important. The goal of research of customers’ expectations model design (customers and servants) is using meta-heuristic algorithm and factor analysis in order to platform development and grows. So, this research is a development and applied as view of purpose and has had a descriptive-survey research as identity and method that is a total action of inductive research. Research has two statistical societies include experts, universities masters and researchers in this area and also platform Iranian customers and servants that has used of two methods of judgmental sampling (snowball technique) and simple random. At first, for finding customers and servants expectations used of semi-structure interview and then was done automatic clustering with using meta-heuristic algorithms and the result shows that customers were include customers conclude two clusters with full of expectations and based on interaction and indifferent customers in all expectations dimensions. Its servants also include two clusters of customers with full of expectations and based on trust and indifferent servants in all expectation’s dimensions.

The business environment indicators, as international and infrastructural subject matter in economic growth and development, are influenced by the performance of the public sector administrative systems depended on the quality and quantity and more importantly motivation of the employees of these systems. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explain the optimal paradigm for fundamental or contextual factors in increasing PSM to improve the business environment. In this qualitative research, the grounded theory has been used. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with experts and the statistical population consisted of the East Azerbaijan public sector staff. The statistical sample was selected using Snowball sampling method and its reliability was determined by theoretical sampling approach. The individuals were interviewed up to the 40th interview (saturation limit). The collected data were analyzed using three stages of open coding overlap (in the form of 181 codes), axial coding (8 concepts or subclasses) and selective coding (4 categories or categories). Based on the model explained by this study, legal contexts (multiplicity and transparency of rules and enforceability of laws), economic shocks (status of economic indicators, governing economic policies), civilization (cultural status, social situation) and political equations (political power and political situation) were explained as contextual factors in increasing PSM for improving indicators of business environment.

This study aims to investigate the impact of Corona on the decline of agricultural cooperatives business. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and exploratory research in which a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative) was used. First, finding the negative effects of corona on the performance of agricultural cooperatives based on a qualitative approach, including reviewing the research literature, and then using the Delphi technique and the opinions of experts familiar with the research subject (Delphi panel members) After reviewing and adjusting the indicators in the qualitative stage, the main research questionnaire was developed and after confirming the validity and considering the acquired opinions of experts in the Delphi stage) and the reliability of the questionnaire (using Cronbach's alpha method) were used.The research findings indicated that 5 factors of negative corona effects on corporate marketing performance (6 components), corona negative effects on corporate financial performance (8 components), corona negative effects on corporate communication performance (4 components), corona negative effects on performance The company's innovation (4 components) and the negative effects of corona on the production performance of the company (8 components), have been able to explain about 62.2% of the total variance of the negative effects of corona on the performance of agricultural cooperatives with regard to respondents.

One of the controversial issues in the science of organization and management is the distinction between management and leadership. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the ambiguities and conflicts in the theoretical separation of management and leadership in the field of international business in the face of the Corona Pandemic. The strategy of the present study is qualitative, which has been done by the critical Hermeneutic method of the four-stage model of HERDA. The method of collecting information was library. According to the interpretation, 5 cases of ambiguity and contradiction were identified, which are: 1- Inefficiency of organizational leadership styles due to communication limitations, 2- Adaptability as the main task of leadership and the condition for dealing with a pandemic on the other hand. 3- The condition that the leader-follower relationship is not based on ignorance and compulsion and obligation, which has been violated in the case of Corona in all three conditions.4- Identifying the motivation to follow, based on adaptation and coordination and fear of social deprivation, 5- Finally, the control of the cost of the consequences of the disease crisis is the responsibility of the management, It is therefore concluded that the corona is not just a complexity that can be overcome by management alone, and not just a change that can be controlled by leadership; Corona has blurred the line between management and leadership.

In order to preserve and revive the cultural heritage, customs, traditions and indigenous knowledge of nations, governments must strive to grow artisan entrepreneurs in society in quantity and quality. To achieve this, it is necessary to examine the personality traits and environmental conditions associated with this type of entrepreneurship. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of gaining a better understanding of the basic categories of entrepreneurial behavior in artisan entrepreneurship using field method. Descriptive phenomenological method and semi-structured interview tools were used to collect research data and qualitative content analysis technique was used to analyze the data. The study population is handicraft artists in Tehran. Using purposive sampling method, 15 individual interviews and 1 group interview were conducted and the lived experiences of 18 people were examined. After analysis, 8 important categories of entrepreneurial behavior in craft entrepreneurship were identified, which are: social capital, personality and behavioral characteristics, cultural intelligence, innovative passion, institutional environment, education, motivation, outcome and research results. The most important elements of artisan entrepreneurial behavior are: interest in and passion for art, hard work and perseverance in achieving goals, preservation and promotion of indigenous traditions and cultural resources, experiential and continuous learning, support of the authorities for the artist.

The success and failure of firms in creating a competitive advantage now depends on environmental factors. This is very important for entering international markets. The competitiveness of the FMCG industry and the increasing intensity of competition in this industry have encouraged companies to use innovation to gain a competitive advantage. The aim of this study was to design a model to create a competitive advantage using the variables of innovation speed, creative destruction, market turbulence and intensity of competition in the consumer goods industry and to investigate the moderation effect of creative destruction in relation to innovation speed and competitive advantage in this industry. The statistical population of the study is the top active companies in the consumer goods industry, which are ranked and introduced by the Industrial Management Organization. The statistical sample is 84 companies that were selected by available sampling method. The data collection tool is a questionnaire which reliability has been confirmed with Cronbach's alpha of 0.96. The data analysis was done applying structural equation modeling by Smart-PLS 2.0. The results show that market turbulence and competition intensity with coefficients of 0.25 and 0.23, respectively, have an indirect positive effect on creating a competitive advantage. Innovation speed and operational flexibility with direct coefficients of 0.41 and 0.29, respectively, directly create a competitive advantage. Also, the creative degradation variable positively moderate the relationship between innovation speed and competitive advantage with a coefficient of 0.26.

Commercial Credit Insurance as a Novel Technique of Managing Commercial Risks Venture in the field of commerce, as its name implies, is an effort to maximize the profits. This requires minimizing the losses in dealings. Hazards that occur in the course of commerce can reduce the profits of the companies and even impose irreparable losses on them. Failure to fulfill the contractual obligations by the buyer, including bankruptcy, protracted default and refusal of acceptance of goods and services, are the risks that always threaten the traders. The commercial companies resort to the variety of ways to manage the risk and credit insurance can be one of the best methods, since it reduces the commercial risk, besides compensating for damages if the buyer does not repay the receivables. Regrettably, the credit insurance has been neglected in our country, while in many developed countries of the world, commercial credit insurance is among the first options of merchants. The authors intends to explain the payment of compensation as the common function of credit insurance like the other variety of insurance, as well as the special effect of it in decreasing the amount of risks. It is hoped that, this article sparks future legal, economic and interdisciplinary researches in order to provide the crucial infrastructure for the aforementioned insurance in order to be synced with the practice of the world trade.