نشریه اقتصاد و بانکداری اسلامی
پیاپی 35 (تابستان 1400)

Deposits insurance, as an integral part of the set of strategies, plays a preventive role (through prudential supervision) as well as a forward-looking role (by guaranteeing public deposits) in the financial health of countries. The stability of the financial sector has been discussed.

The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate deposit insurance in the useless banking industry in Iran. Statistical population of Iran and the sample of selected banks include Parsian, Pasargard, Saman, Melli, Sepah and Housing in the period of 1385-1397.

The research method is descriptive-applied. Firstly, using the statistical data of the above mentioned banks, the credit risk of the banks is obtained and then using the GARCH model the estimation of the deposit insurance pricing is done.

The results show that the credit risk of different banks is different and therefore, the pricing of deposit insurance is different for private and public banks, it is suggested that the deposit insurance pricing system In Iran, it be calculated on a yearly basis according to the risk of each bank.

Qard-Al-Hasan is one of the most important Islamic banking facilities that can affect employment. In this regard, the present study investigates the effect of Qard-Al-Hasan loan, which is not in the category of echange and partnership mods in Islamic banking system of Iran on employment in Iran’s provinces will be analyzed. In this regard, a Panel Data model has been used for this purpose during 2015-2019. The preparing tests for the estimation of the modle lead the study to use the Feasible Generalized Least Squares method, and the results show that Qard-Al-Hasan loan has a positive and significant effect on employment in Iran’s economy. In addition, results show that Gross Domestic Product, Physical Capital and Labor Productivity have also a positive and significant effect on employment in Iran’s provinces, however, the impact of Gross Domestic Product and Phiscal capital are greater than other variables, indicating that employment in Iran more affected by such variables than other factors.

The aim of this research is to model the impact of geographic environment on banking performance in selected countries, which based on theoretical literature of the selected countries and the total efficiency factor using the methods of economy the data panel is based on and estimated. To obtain the total efficiency factor, Solow residue was used. The results of the estimated model based on panel data of 2000-2015 showed that the geographic environment has a positive effect and economic instability. Financial instability in the long run has a negative effect on total factor productivity banking system of selected countries. The results obtained in this study are consistent with empirical studies. Given the positive effect of the geographical environment on the performance of the banking system, it is recommended that investors choose, first, in each region, a bank that has the best performance compared to other banks. Secondly, prioritize your stock options when examining the products of the banks. Given the negative impact of financial instability on total factor productivity, stabilizing financial markets to improve the business environment, creating a secure environment for investment through financial intermediaries, which ultimately can lead to liquidity towards productive economic activities and preventing speculative activities and financing more efficient investment projects, it seems necessary to improve productivity.

Increasing the efficiency of banks is one of the fundamental steps in the economic development of countries and recognizing the segmentation of branches based on customer satisfaction is essential for adopting the strategic orientation of banks. The purpose of this study was to determining the efficiency of Sepah Bank branches to segmentation of branches based on customer satisfaction with service quality. This research was a descriptive survey and applied study. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on the perceived quality of service components provided by Zitemel et al. (2000). Validity of the questionnaire was assessed by face and content validity and reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population consisted of 41 branches of Sepah Bank Economics in Khorestan province and 384 clients were selected as the sample of the study using stratified random sampling. In this study, for determining the level of efficiency of branches, Data Envelopment Analysis with Scale Variable Efficiency (BCC-I) in input-driven mode and GAMS software was used. Then, the efficiency of the branches is clustered based on customer satisfaction with the quality of service among the efficient branches of Khuzestan province's economy. The results show that first cluster customers are the most important in using modern equipment in the branches, cleanliness, employing specialized staff and creating trust, financial security in their minds. Also, the factors related to “responsiveness” and “empathy” received the highest score from first cluster customers.

Promoting the level of faith and practice of Islamic rules and institutionalizing Islamic ethics is one of the most basic guidelines of Islamic policies to improve ethical decisions in business. Relying on revelatory teachings and focusing on ethics in business, Islam has provided the grounds for strengthening piety and internalizing religiosity and promoting moral decisions in businesses. Strengthening the faith and divine piety in individuals can pave the way for the emergence of ethical decisions in business and lead people to honesty, trustworthiness, fulfillment of promises and observance of fairness, avoidance of fuss in business. The results of this descriptive-analytic study indicate that piety improves ethical decision-making in business (sensitivity, judgment, inclination, and ethical behavior). And facilitates the timely and reliable flow of economic, social and political information between the parties to the exchange. In the Islamic business environment, due to the penetration of piety in all four stages of moral decision-making, we face not only honesty in speech, but also in its broadest sense, which includes sincerity in intention and behavior.

Iran is one of the earthquake-prone countries in the world which has a lot of ethnic and religious diversity. Given the importance of people's donation in helping victims of natural disasters, knowing the impact of factors such as religion and ethnicity on people's donation which is the subject of this article, is very important in post-disaster relief. For this purpose, a field study was conducted including the completion of more than 900 questionnaires in the cities of Qorveh, Takab, Sanandaj and Znjan and the city of Bijar was selected as the hypothetical city where the earthquake occurs. Contingent valuation method and double bounded dichotomous choice questionnaire were used to estimate the willingness to donate. The logit model was used to analyze the results which showed that the effect of religion on people's donations is greater than the effect of ethnicity.

Learning and education throughout history has played a significant role in the growth and development of the humanities. Proper study and efficient macroeconomic education with an Islamic approach can help the growth of this important branch of economics, especially the demand for it in Islamic societies. The purpose of this article, which is done by critical analysis method, is to review and critique the approaches of studying and teaching macroeconomics with an Islamic approach, followed by a comparative-critical approach to teaching macroeconomics with an Islamic approach in the conditions of the transition of the society towards the ideal Islamic society.Findings show that the theory of macroeconomics with an Islamic approach has not been adequately and effectively explained. And in scientific-research centers and economic decision-making, there has been no effective demand for it. And that comparative-critical teaching of this course, along with conducting statistical studies, increases its effectiveness and effective demand for it.

Behavior means method and behavior in all parts of human life, as a representation of spirits, the theme and, in his words, his attitude and thought, which finds an external appearance, which in the Islamic view is the origin of nature; What is emphasized in this article is a part of economic behaviors which is in the form of sellers' behavior. Since the Quran and Sunnat are the main sources that Muslims follow, first by referring to the Quran, Nahjal-Balaghah and VasaelShieh  means, exchange behavior is classified in the form of specific titles, and finally by summarizing them, the necessary results of the discussion, including the difference between these behaviors. Behaviors that are mentioned in conventional economics, such as paying attention to nature, profit and loss in the hereafter and spirituality, God's ownership of profit and loss, the effect of unnatural factors, paying attention to revelation, fair and lenient behavior, and paying attention to spiritual pleasures are determined. In the practical part, using structural equation modeling, to determine the level of people's faith, the questionnaire of measuring the dignity of religion and to examine the behavior of sellers in the Islamic Republic of Iran, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the results of the theoretical part has been used; To complete the questionnaire from both face-to-face and online methods, according to the total size of the community of sellers (retailers) in Iran, 300 available samples were selected. Questionnaires were completed between spring and summer 1399. The results, while confirming the relationship between faith and Islamic exchange behavior, show that the effect of factors such as marital status, age, income, education and gender is not significant; Also, different measures (12 questions) show that the economic behavior of sellers in the Islamic Republic of Iran is largely consistent with the behavior derived from the Quran and Sunnat.

The issue of funds as a source of payment for commercial documents is of special importance. The funds is reserved only for draft and checks, and in the case of promissory notes, it is excluded.  In some legal systems, by issuing and endorsing you, its funds is also transferred, and in others, it believes that the funds is not transferred, and sometimes the holder finds an exclusive right to the funds. In addition, contractual transfer of funds is sometimes accepted.The approach of this issue appears in the situation of the issuer's death, bankruptcy and confiscation of property. In the Iranian legal system, what effect does the issuance and endorsement of these documents have on its funds? In addition to the document, is its funds also transferred or is a special right created for the holder of the document on the funds? Iranian law is silent on this issue, this vacuum has caused ambiguity in the funds situation. Iranian law on funds has remained silent, and this has become a source of controversy in court proceedings. According to current regulations, the funds of the check and bill will not be transferred by issuance; there are many opinions about the check in judicial views that can be criticized for inconsistency and contradicting the current regulations, the current rules are also criticized for the non-protectionist approach from holder of negotiable instrument.  Basically, in the current legal situation, no burden can be found for the transfer of ownership of funds or even the pre-emptive right or exclusive right of the holder. Of course, the current laws are also criticized for their non-protectionist approach.

One of the methods that are used as financing today and have attracted the attention of researchers is the use of crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is possible in four ways. One of the concepts that can be related to this issue and be challenged is the discussion of how the relationship between the donor and the investor. In this study, using a descriptive-analytical method, we first explain crowdfunding and then presented a proposed mechanism for the social advisor to support non-profit blockchain-based financing. In this regard, we examine the preferences of donors, the relationship between donors and investment, and the characteristics of dynamic financing to increase funding success rates and donor satisfaction. It then introduces a recommendatory model that lists the donors for the various campaigns that investors have created for crowdfunding. This research can be the basis for implementing such systems on the web to expand humanitarian activities, and its results can be used for non-governmental organizations, charities, etc.