International Journal of Engineering
Volume:34 Issue: 12, Dec 2021

The resilient supply chain considers many capabilities for companies to overcome financial crises and to supply and distribute products. In this study, we address the allocation of inventory distribution for a distribution network, including a factory, a number of potential locations for distribution centers and a number of retailers. Customers demand is assumed to be certain and deterministic for all periods but time varying in the limited planning horizon. The proposed model in this research is a linear complex integer programming model with two-objective functions. The first objective function minimizes the total costs of the entire distribution system in the planning horizon, and the second objective function seeks to minimize the difference between the maximum and minimum distances traveled by vehicles over the planning horizon. Therefore, the model tries to satisfy the demand and at the same time reduce costs using the best route transportation option configuration and transportation option. The routing problem is developed, and as the problem is a NP-hard problem, a meta-heuristic method is used to solve it. In this model, the demand volume for each customer in a period of the network, vehicle capacity, factory capacity, constant transportation cost, variable transportation cost, etc., are considered as factors affecting the model. The results show that the model proposed in the network can be used as a lever to improve the performance of the financial economic supply network through saving in routes.

Cutting fluids are frequently aim to enhance machinability through cooling, lubricating and flushing actions. However, their use in machining creates major concerns in terms of health footprint and environmental effect. and human health throughout their lifecycle. To diminish these problems, alternative methods were used, namely; dry cutting and minimum quantity lubrication. This research also will investigate the effect of swept angle selection, 30% and 60% of tool diameter stepover under different cutting conditions during milling of aluminum alloy material. Their impact on tool wear, surface roughness, burr and chip formation were compared. Results pointed that the application of lower swept angle in conjunction with minimum quantity lubricant system, has significantly reduced tool wear, decreased burr and chip formation, as well as improved surface quality as compared to dry machining. The work clearly shows how the importance of swept angle selection and cutting condition in refining machining performance could improve the machinability of the material.

Given the importance of supply chain and environmental issues, this paper presents a new mathematical model for a green closed-loop supply chain (GCLSC) network with the objectives of maximizing profits, maximizing the number of jobs created, and maximizing reliability. Due to the uncertainty on some parameters such as demand and transportation costs, the new method of robust fuzzy programming model was utilized. Multi-objective Grey Wolf Optimizer (MOGWO) and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II) were used to tackle the problems for larger sizes. A number of instances of the problem in larger sizes were solved. The results from comparing the algorithms considering some criteria including means of objective functions, spacing index, distance index from ideal point, maximum amplitude index, Pareto response number index and computational time showed the fast convergence and high efficiency of MOGWO algorithm for this problem. Finally, the implementation of the model for a real case study in Iranian engine oil industry, showed the efficiency of the obtained solutions for this network.

Edge identification is a technique for recognizing and detecting sharper breaks in an image. The halt is caused by a rapid change in the value of the pixel force dark level. Convoluting the picture with an administrator (Two-Directional channel) that is set to be noise sensitive is the standard approach for edge location. Edge finder is a method for locating precisely adjusted intensity esteem alterations that incorporate many significant neighborhoods image preparation methods. Edge recognition is a fundamental method in a wide range of image processing applications, including movement analysis, design identification, object recognition, clinical picture creation, and so on. It's recently shown up in a variety of edge detection systems, demonstrating both the advantages and disadvantages of these computations. The Kalman Filter with ANN method has two benefits that make it suitable for dealing with improvement issues: quicker merging and lower calculation rates. In this study, The ANN method was used to improve object localization accuracy. Kalman filtering is used to object coordinates acquired using the ANN method. Using ANN + Kalman Filtering increases localization accuracy and lowers localization error distances, according to the findings.

Most of the energy was being lost through the cooling system and exhaust gas, to utilize that energy and convert it to a useful job thermal barrier coatings is widely used. Tests were conducted on a four stroke, single cylinder diesel engine for which its piston crown was coated with a thickness of 100/100 microns YSZ/TiO2 over 100 microns NiCr bond coat with plasma spray coating technology and then the results were compared with the uncoated piston. Thermal barrier coating was used for better performance, emission and combustion characteristics. The tests were performed at different load conditions using both the pistons and compared the results. At maximum load there is a rise in BTE and reduction in BSFC, CO, HC emissions compared to uncoated piston at maximum load. With the use of coated piston NOx emissions were increased and the smoke opacity is decreased compared to the uncoated piston. Finally, the results convey that thermal barrier coated piston is more efficient than uncoated piston.

Sisal fiber-reinforced composites have huge potential applications in many industries. Different defects during the production process of the composite may decrease the performance of these composites. In the present work, one of the important defects such as the waviness of the sisal fiber has been studied under compressive loading. Two types of composite materials are considered for the study. One is sisal fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite and another one is hybrid composite i.e sisal fiber and carbon nanotube reinforced polymer matrix composite. The sisal and hybrid sisal straight fiber composite specimens are prepared by using the hand lay-up technique. The buckling load of the sisal and sisal hybrid composites is estimated by conducting suitable experiments. Further, using the Finite Element method the effect of the waviness of sisal fiber on the buckling load is estimated. Two different wavy patterns such as Full Sine Waviness (FSW) and Half Sine Waviness (HSW) are considered for sisal fiber. The position effect of waviness of the fiber on the same property is also estimated by changing (A/λ) ratio from 0.1 to 0.35 by changing the amplitude of waviness from 5 to 17.5 mm (A) and maintaining the length of waviness (λ) to 100mm. The present study is used to design the buckling load of natural composite with waviness because the perfectly straight fibers are difficult to extract from plants.

English Abstract must be Times New The increasing penetration of mobile devices will lead to better use of it in youth business. Mobile marketing has received less attention in developing countries such as Iran. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the predictors of mobile marketing use by expanding the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2).The extended model has additional factors including perceived risk, trust, mobility, and personal innovativeness. Data were collected using online surveys and questionnaires from 350 students of K. N. Toosi University of Technology. To predict the use of mobile marketing, a novel partial Least Squares - Artificial Neural Networks (PLS-ANN) approach was used. The results show that personal innovativeness is the most effective factor in mobile marketing acceptance. Subsequently, the hedonic motivations, performance expectancy, mobility, social influence, trust, and facilitating conditions play a vital role. Furthermore, the results illustrate that price value, perceived risk, and effort expectancy were not effective.

Gypsum is a soluble material, and it is one of the problematic components in the soil in the west of Iraq. Al-Najaf is one of the governorates in Iraq which suffers from the gypsum content in different levels. The soil of the city is mainly sand-sized particles bonded by different percentages of gypsum. The main problem of this component is the dissolution upon the wetting process. This paper investigates the effect of decreasing the matric suction (wetting) on soil deformation under a specific stress level. The investigation includes three matric suctions of (50, 20, and 0 kPa) under three net normal stresses of 221 kPa, 442 kPa and 885 kPa respectively. The soil specimens are remolded to 95% of the maximum dry density from the proctor test. A modified Oedometer setup is used to perform the tests, including the application of air and water pressures up to achieve the specific matric suctions. The results revealed that the highest value of collapse potential (CP) is under the stress of 221kPa, and the greatest part of the CP is achieved prior to the saturation of the soil. This issue must be considered in the analysis and design of the foundation in unsaturated gypseous sandy soils.

The Travelling Salesman Problem is one of the fundamental operational research problems where the objective is to generate the cheapest route for a salesman starting from a given city, visiting all the other cities only once and finally returning to the starting city. In this paper, we study the Travelling Salesman Problem in uncertain environment. Particularly, the single valued triangular neutrosophic environment is considered viewing that it is more realistic and general in real-world industrial problems. Each element in the distance matrix of the Travelling Salesman Problem is presented as a single valued triangular neutrosophic number. To solve this problem, we enhance our novel column-row heuristic Dhouib-Matrix-TSP1 by the means of the center of gravity ranking function and the standard deviation metric. In fact, the center of gravity ranking function is applied for defuzzification in order to convert the single valued triangular neutrosophic number to crisp number.A stepwise application of several numerical Travelling Salesman Problems on the single valued triangular neutrosophic environment shows that the optimal or a near optimal solution can be easily reached thanks to the Dhouib-Matrix-TSP1 heuristic enriched with the center of gravity ranking function and the standard deviation metric.

The web and social media are overcrowded with news pieces in terms of amount and diversity. Document clustering is a useful technique that is widely used in organizing and managing data into smaller groups. One of the factors influencing the quality of clustering is the way documents are represented. Some traditional methods of document representation depend on word frequencies and create sparse and large-sized document vectors. These methods cannot preserve proximity information between documents. In addition, neural network-based methods that preserve proximity information suffer from poor interpretability. Conceptual text representation methods have overcome the shortcomings of previous methods, but semi-supervised text clustering does not currently use concept-based document representation. This paper presents a two-level semi-supervised text clustering method that uses labeled and unlabeled data simultaneously to achieve higher clustering quality. In the first level, documents are represented based on the concepts extracted from the raw corpus. Second, the semi-supervised clustering process applies unlabeled data to capture the overall structure of the clusters and a small amount of labeled data to adjust the center of the clusters. Experiments on the Reuters-21578 data collection show that the proposed model is superior to other semi-supervised approaches in both text classification and text clustering.

The paper seeks to highlight and analyze the relationship between the occupants’ displacements of chest and pelvis and the deceleration of vehicle in frontal crash accidents. A testing scheme including 5 groups of dynamic tests was devised and conducted, and totally 5 kinds of acceleration pulses were employed to simulate the real crash. The experimental finding indicates that the integral values and shapes of vehicle’s deceleration pulses can influence the occupants’ chest and pelvis displacements to some extent, thus having effects on the risks of secondary collisions between occupants and the vehicle. How the deceleration pulses of vehicle influence the secondary collision is also clarified in the paper by a comprehensive comparison of testing results between different groups. Further research can be carried out on the optimization of deceleration pulses of vehicle in the frontal collisions and on how to reduce the risks of secondary collisions based on the findings.

This study presents an experimental study of engineering properties of soil stabilized with cement and fly ash for layers in roadway construction. The fly ash was used in this study satisfies the requirement according to ASTM C618. Five proportion mixes were used in this work with varying quantities of Ordinary Portland cement amounts of 8 %, 10%, and 8% cement combined with fly ash content of 2%, 4%, and 6%. Specified curing periods of 7, 14, 28 days were applied for all types of specimens. Some engineering tests were carried out, such as unconfined compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, stiffness of stabilized soil, SEM, and XRD techniques. SEM images, magnified 3000 times, showed that compacted soil structure was found as small and odd particles arranged without gel bound, while cement-fly ash stabilized soil was covered foam formation due to cement-fly ash crystal, and small particles cannot be observed. The peak intensity of Silicon Oxide was seen in the region 26-28° with an angle of 2. In addition, cement and fly ash significantly improved the mechanical properties of stabilized soils. Finally, the specimen containing 8% cement and 2% fly ash at 14-day curing has a splitting tensile strength greater than 0.45 MPa, satisfying the base layer of road construction requirement according to current Vietnamese standards. The obtained results provided a shred of evidence for capable of using fly ash for road construction in the context of an increase the fly ash in thermal plants.

Quantum Dot Cellular Automata or QCA is a promising transistor less nano-technology that is growing in popularity and it has the capability to replace the ubiquitous CMOS technology in the VLSI domain. The paper discussed the simple design of single bit comparator circuit using QCA. A single-bit comparator circuit compares its two inputs and indicates which one is larger or are they both equal. This paper has focused on creating an area efficient QCA comparator circuit and a comparative study of area consumption with the previously made designs. The designed comparator circuit is the most area-efficient design as it is made up of minimum possible number of cells. A Comparator is used in equality testers and many other digital communications The circuit proposed in this paper is a three layered circuit which can alternatively be used to realize the basic logic gates. The circuit can also be used as an alternative to the majority and universal gates in QCA.

Wireless sensor networks are efficient way to monitor important parameters in various fields of science and engineering. These sensors are battery operated and in each round of transmission some energy is used. Therefore, over the period of time battery drains, and thus effect the stability period of the networks. To conserve battery nodes are divided as normal and advance nodes. The energy of the advanced nodes is higher than normal nodes. Further clustering mechanism is used to reduce energy dissipation. In this paper we have proposed a mechanism by which stability period, network lifetime and throughput can be increased significantly. The proposed mechanism considers S-SEP protocol and nodes are coupled to form pairs, then number of clusters and radius of the clusters are optimized such that isolated nodes are zero. It is found that using proposed mechanism stability period can be improved by 17% in comparison to recently proposed work.