فصلنامه پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
پیاپی 69 (تابستان 1400)

This study aims to outline the place of caring ethics in the textbooks of primary education at Farhangian University in Iran. In this study, based on the Nodding's theory of caring, all relevant textbooks were reviewed using the content analysis method. Findings from the content analysis showed that in the analyzed books, the concept of avoiding harm was paid the most attention and other concepts of the ethics of care including the concept of care, sympathy, receptive attention, caring relation, caring action, the caregiver confirmation and the "cared for" privacy has not taken attention appropriately. Since these concepts are the principal axes of caring ethics, considering these concepts and their inclusion in the content of textbooks, the teacher education for primary schools of Farhangian University can help student teachers to understand the concepts of ethics of care, use them in primary school and develop these concepts in the education system.

Sexual ethics has always been one of the concerns of parents, educators, researchers and educators, because if the healthy educational growth of individuals, the grounds for creating growth in society will be realized. Based on this, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing a model of sexual ethics curriculum for the second year of high school. Qualitative research design and in particular qualitative case study. The study area of this research was the theoretical foundations and views of experts, specialists and experts, managers and deputies and faculty members of the departments of educational sciences and ethics of Khorasan Razavi Free Universities. Based on purposive sampling method, individuals who had expertise, teaching and experience in this field and submitted papers were subjected to semi-structured interviews. The validity and reliability of the obtained information were measured and the curriculum model was extracted in the form of a network of suggested topics and elements related to the curriculum. The proposed model in the field of sexual ethics curriculum model in the second secondary school includes 4 factors: objectives, content, teaching-learning methods and evaluation methods..

The present study aims to design and validate the religious education curriculum pattern of elementary school.Qualitative content analysis, documentary based and descriptive-analytical research methods have been used in this study. The considered sample for data collection consists of 15 curriculum specialists and other specialists related to the research topic and 40 sources related to religious education curriculum that are purposively selected. Data collection techniques include semi-structured individual interviews with specialists and qualitative analysis of texts. The data obtained from the interviews have been analyzed using deductive coding. The findings of this study show the characteristics of religious education curriculum elements for the purpose, content, and learning activities, method and evaluation. The primary pattern of religious education curriculum is designed. Meanwhile the process, steps, and the way of presenting the religious education curriculum pattern derived from previous studies are related to the subject. The religious education curriculum pattern of elementary school is also extracted. The proposed pattern has been confirmed after being validated and adjusted by specialists and experts. The results of this study can be used in designing the religious education curriculum of elementary school.

The main purpose of this study was to design a model of physical education and health curriculum for secondary school with a cultural-educational approach. The research method is mixed with the exploratory design which was done in two qualitative-quantitative parts. In the qualitative part, the model was designed and in the quantitative part, the model was validated by descriptive-survey method. In the qualitative section, all available texts and theoretical and research sources were reviewed. Also, 18 specialists in curriculum planning and physical education participated, who were selected by purposive and snowball sampling. Data collection tool was semi-structured interview and content analysis method was used for data analysis. The validity of the data was verified through methods of asking a colleague and checking members. In the quantitative part, to validate the designed model, the opinions of 22 experts in curriculum planning and physical education were used. To evaluate the validity of quantitative content, content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were used. The content validity ratio was confirmed with 0.72 and the content validity index with 0.90. Reliability was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha with 0.89. The obtained model consisted of three sections of basics, strategic elements and ten elements of Acker, for each of which some components were presented.

The present research is aimed at representing the living experiences of the elementary teachers regarding the feedback components in the descriptive evaluation(qualitative). The research was performed using the phenomenological qualitative approach. So, 15 elementary teachers were selected by the desirable sampling method to participate in the semi-structured interview.The data   analysis was done by qualitative content analysis metthod .At first , 60 concepts were extracted which were reduced to 18 semantic units after grouping and integrating the same items and finally grouped into 5 main subjects of learning improvement during teaching and learning, self -direction in learning, student’s co-direction in learning, making the parents engaged, revelation of learning at the end of learning. The findings were affirmed by the guiding professors and some participators regarding the dependability of the research findings and confirming the findings of interview analysis. Therefore, it is suggested that the strategy of integrating of evaluation and teaching by developing the feedback process should be more focused in instructing the teachers for the deeper development and establishment of this evaluation pattern.

The present applied research with meta-analysis method sought to combine research on the effect of constructivism-based education on students' academic performance in experimental sciences course. The field of research of the study consisted of available studies that have been disseminated in Iran and abroad for the past 15 years in the form of theses, scientific research articles, and scientific conferences at Iran research Institute for Information Science and Technology (Irandoc), The Scientific Information databases (Sid), Database of Iranian Publications (Magiran), Sivilica and scientific-research journals in the field of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Science Direct, ERICT, Psych info, Scopus, and Google Scholar. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 effect sizes were evaluated among 109 studies.Initial studies were used to analyze the combined effect size with two fixed and random effects models and to investigate Publication Bias by sensitivity analysis using Funnel plotand and statistical index of Safe of fail statistic and Q Cochran test and I-square to investigate heterogeneity were used and Fisher's Z-factor was used to convert the effect size. Combined effect size results were obtained for the random effects model (2.64). The results also showed that the variables of the type of tools and the type of interventions used are moderating the effectiveness of constructivist-based education on students' academic performance in experimental science course. The findings of this meta-analysis have strong theoretical and empirical support and warrant the necessity to review and apply constructivist-based education in the country's education system.

The present study was conducted to investigate the experienced curriculum in the master students in curriculum development field of study at Bu-Ali Sina University. This research was conducted by phenomenological method. Participants in this study were 26 master students in the curriculum development discipline at Bu Ali Sina University in the 3 academic year of study 1394-1394, 1395-1394 and 1396-1695, all of whom were examined. Data collection tools were semi-structured interviews which questions were tested on the basis of four curriculum levels (expected curriculum, concealed curriculum, interactive curriculum and learned curriculum). Data analyzed by coding and categorization and validated through qualitative research criteria, research description in the details, long-term engagement with the field, sampling according to differences of opinion from the three groups of student based on entry periods, information collected even later of theoretical saturation in order to other possible cases of rejection of findings and analysis checking by research participants. The findings showed that the student is at each level of the program that is faced with different categories. At the expected curriculum level, the difficulty category was identified. At the level of the concealed curriculum, educational motivation and the necessary knowledge and skills were obtained. At the level of interactive curriculum, in the course section, the categories of changing attitudes towards some courses, repetition in some courses, lack of a specific source in some courses, homework problems, evaluation challenges and interaction and response of professors and in the dissertation section, supervisor selection and the choice of the dissertation topic were identified. In learned curriculum level, categories named explicit, null and hidden learning were identified. Each category also includes multiple subcategories. The results showed that the experienced curriculum at each level, changes and finally, the curriculum of the learned level is very different from the expected. On the other hand, students face a lot of confusion and ambiguity by being exposed to experience and without any support. Therefore, it is necessary to think of the measures to improve the curriculum experience process for them.

The purpose of current study was to investigate the effectiveness of the continuous professional development model of mathematics teachers based on the Brain Education Approach on the mathematical learning and mathematical self-concept of second grade female student (academic year2019-2020)in Isfahan.The sample consisted of 44 female students and they were selected via non-probability and convenience sampling from Isfahan Public School District 3 whose principal,deputy principal and math teacher were willing to coopetate with the researchers.The instruments used in the research are:Continuous professional development educational package for math teachers based on brain education approach, prepared by Shahsavani et al.(2019)for teacher education in the experimental group, Researcher-made checklist in math lesson and 7-item mathematical self-concept questionnaire of Pahlavan.The reliability of the tools was determined by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient.This coefficient was obtained 0.87 for the mathematics self-concept questionnaire and 0.71 for the mathematics checklist.In this study a pretest-posttest design with a control group was used.First,the pre-test was performed on the subjects and then in 24 sessions of 90 minutes,the experimental group was trained by a teacher who had undergone a continuous professional development course for teachers based on the brain education approach,while the control group was trained by a teacher who had not undergone this course.At the end of the course,the post-test was taken from all students for learning and math self-concept.To analyze the data,the univariate analysis of covariance was used.The results showed that this pattern increased students'learning and math self-concept relative to the pre-test and this change was statistically significant.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of self-regulation learning strategies on self-efficacy and critical thinking. The research was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study was Jami Novin nonprofit high school students in Tehran's 6th district based on purposeful sampling. A sample of 80 high school students of Jami girls were selected based on random sampling method and divided into two groups: experimental and control (each group 40 people). Before the implementation of the educational program, both the control and experimental groups before the beginning of the test were first evaluated using Critical Thinking Questionnaire (Rickets, 2003) and Self-efficacy Scale (Maurice, 2001). After that, the control group received 8 sessions of training on self-regulation learning strategies. But the experimental group did not receive any training. After this stage, again, both groups were evaluated using questionnaires and the data were collected. In order to check the normality of the data, homogeneity of variances, homogeneity of regression slope and Levin test, use and data with the 20th edition SPSS software and covariance analysis test were analyzed. Results showed that training self-regulation strategies has a significant effect on self-efficacy and critical thinking.

The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which students and teachers of Farhangian University of Sanandaj have knowledge of teaching methods and techniques and to identify the factors affecting it. The research approach is a combination of sequential-explanatory and the research method in the quantitative part is descriptive-survey and in the qualitative part is phenomenological. The statistical population of the study consisted of 108 student-teachers who had taught teaching methods and techniques. Sampling in the quantitative part according to the research conditions of the census method (108 people) and in the qualitative part purposefully and among students whose score was a standard deviation higher and lower than the average (38 people) has been selected. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information in a quantitative part and a semi-structured interview was used in a qualitative part. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the information in a quantitative part of the statistics and interpretive analysis was used in the qualitative part to analyze the text of the interviews. Students' GPA was obtained from the test of 20.66 which shows that the level of learning and learning of student-teachers in this course is average. In the qualitative part, four main factors including the effect of teachers, the effect of classroom atmosphere, students' attitudes and social and external factors were identified as effective factors in learning the teaching methods and techniques.

The purpose of this study was to analyze elementary science textbooks questions using Textbook Questioning Styles Assessment Instrument (TQSAI). The population of the study was elementary school science textbooks published in 2019 and the sample was the questions of elementary science textbooks. The research method was content analysis (question analysis). The Instrument used was the Questioning Styles Assessment Instrument (TQSAI) Lowry and Leonard (1978). The validity of this Instrument was confirmed by experts based on content validity and the reliability was Cohen's Kappa inter-rater agreement coefficient which was 0.89. The results showed that questions in six grades showed that the frequency of open-ended questions (54.05%) in the first grade and (47.3%) in the sixth grade was higher than other grades. The frequency of Focusing questions on the second grade science textbook (13.1%), the third grade textbook is 37.5%, the fourth grade textbook is 39.3% and the basic textbook is 47.7%. On the other hand, a review of elementary school textbooks showed that the organizing experiential question type are more other types of experiential questions. This shows that the necessary attention should be paid to the design of high-level questions and other types of experiential questions. Therefore, it is better for science textbook authors to balance high-level questions with low-level questions.

school students in District 3 of Karaj in the academic year of 1996-97. To conduct the research in the same conditions, both pretest groups were performed using the Watson-Glaser (1994) Critical Thinking Questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed by content validity by experts and reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.87. The training package (Masnavi Manavi stories) was presented to the experimental group in 16 sessions of 90 minutes in 8 weeks, while during this period the control group did not receive any intervention. After the training sessions on the experimental group, both groups underwent post-test under the same conditions. Univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data using SPSS25 software. After adjusting the pre-test scores, the difference between the experimental and control groups in the critical thinking variable was significant at the alpha level of 0.01; The adjusted mean of the experimental group (33.95) was higher than the adjusted mean of the control group (25.07). The results showed that teaching Masnavi spiritual stories in the development of critical thinking and its components (inference (sig = 0.83), identification of assumptions (sig = 0.47), inference (sig = 0.64), interpretation (sig = 0.71) and evaluation (sig = 0.28) ) Was effective.