نشریه مطالعات فهم حدیث
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 15، پاییز و زمستان 1400)

The duality of ethics and politics, which is considered as one of the theories about the relationship between ethics and politics, has been presented in the contemporary world as a method and model for governance. The existence of complications and harms that lead to immorality in politics and its great impact on the social life of the people doubles the effort to study it. According to the ruling thought of Imam Ali (pbuh), politics without moral support suffers from many individual and social harms, disrupts the system of affairs and makes it difficult to regulate them. The present study examines this issue with a comprehensive Understanding of hadith jurisprudence about the political thought of Imam Ali (pbuh) in Nahj al-Balaghah, in a narrative approach and with a library method as well as a descriptive-analytical approach that reflects that the immoral policies of rulers It will lead to the institutionalization of the lack of moral values as well as its role modeling, and as a result, the effectiveness of the approaches and practices of the ethical government system will be seriously disrupted and religious sovereignty will be seriously damaged. Power-seeking, lying, hypocrisy, violence, perversion, rebellion, diversity, imbalance, etc. will create a society without maturity with a negative growth of values, which will lead to decline and unhappiness.

Hadith, as the second source of religious knowledge of Muslims, has a high position in the series of sources of religious knowledge. The generalization of religious and social customs from one era to another by the researcher of hadith is one of the harms that threatens the methodical inference of hadith. For example, in some hadiths, the ring on the right hand of one of the Shiite symbols is mentioned. The following article seeks to validate the hadith. Based on the investigation, no case was found to validate this hadith. Using descriptive-analytical method, historical comparison between data, trust in famous historical reports, authenticity of documents and text of hadiths and attention to the damage of generalization of religious customs from age to age, the result is observed that in the age of Imams ( The Sunnis, like the Shiites, used to wear the ring on both the right and left hands, and as a result, holding the ring on the right hand is not necessarily a sign of the Shiites, and hadiths that take such an approach face serious challenges, nor can it be claimed that the hadiths that say that the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) left the ring in their hands were issued in the conditions of Taqiyyah.

One of the most important principles in the fields of semantics and translation technology is the recognition of the type of applied vocabulary in one language. If we count the source language words as the smallest translation unit, meanwhile, we will be faced with two types of general meanings: referential meaning and context meaning. The referential meaning is the first guide of translator to achieve equality in translation. In this article we have tried to, while explaining the importance of recognizing the meaning of referral in achieving accurate translation in religious texts, using descriptive-analytical method, criticize and analyze the performance of five Persian translations of sermons of Nahj al-Balagha Includes translations of Mr. Jafari, Dashti, Shahidi, Faqihi and Feyzul Islam in the translation of referential meanings of one hundred and twelve words. The result of research indicates that although the knowledge of referential meaning of words is easier than context meaning, but the translation of a work into another language is facing challenges. Some of these challenges include the lack of knowledge of structure of word and confusion in terms of form and meaning of the source language words with other words. The existence of such issues have causedto the translation of Nahj al-Balaghabe awayfrom theequality in translation.

According to Sheikh Ansari, the process of understanding hadith consists of two steps: imaginative emergence (semantics) and affirmative emergence (purposefulness); Statistics and signs that are used to determine the lexical and customary meaning of words are called "imaginary emergence". The present research has come to the conclusion by descriptive-analytical method that Sheikh Ansari has used some literary sciences and techniques such as vocabulary, grammar, syntax and rhetorical sciences as well as many topics of the words of jurisprudence principles knowledge to obtain the imaginative emergence. He believes that not only strange words do not need semantics, but some words still need to be conceptualized to explain the semantic range although they are among the clearest customary concepts. Some part of the topics related to concepts, general and specific are related to semantics, which is used in the imaginative emergence step, and Sheikh Ansari has also used these topics in his various books.

Understanding the meaning of the word and the main purpose of the sayings of the Infallibles is done through the knowledge of the Understanig hadith. One of the topics which scholars have various opinions are hadiths in which the word "miracle" is used. These hadiths lead the reader to the conclusion that the word "miracle" was common in the time of the Infallibles. However, word miracle does not exist in all books written until the fourth century. The purpose of this research is whether the Infallibles have used this word or it has been included in the hadiths by narrators, narrators, etc. In the end, after descriptive-analytical studies, it was concluded that this word exists in the hadith books of the fourth century onwards. Some of these hadiths are fake and singular, and others have suffered from the complication of being interpreted, exaggerated and quoted in meaning. By studying dictionaries, we see that this word has entered these books since the fourth century. And by using knowledge only, we come the conclusion that existence in some authentic hadiths indicates the word "majaze". To understand the meaning of the speaker, using various analogies of authority and article, it can be concluded that the word "miracle" can not be used in the words of the Infallibles. Examining the authenticity of these narrations, we notice that Sheikh Saduq is present in all them. Therefore, it seems that she is the first person to include the word miracle in the hadiths.

Source Identification of compilatory works in the sense of identification the sources of existing narrative work, has been considered by hadith scholars in Iran recently since two decades ago. Seyyed Muhammad Javad Shubeiry Zanjani, tooks the first steps of methodical study by presenting articles in this issue. He presented a method by applying Isnad-text components in source identifying of compilatory works and used it in Al-Ghibah of Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Numani. In this research, Shubeiri Zanjani's articles have been studied, analyzed and criticized in order to determine the quiddity, the manner of applying, and the effectiveness of his method. The result of this research is that his method includes various Isnad-text components; Most of its components are not alone effective in all cases; the manner of applying some components is unclear; in some cases, it needs to be revised and corrected, and in some cases it has not been used properly.

Takfir is one of the most important challenges of the Islamic world in the present age and one of the causes of division between Muslims. The principles of Takfir root in incorrect interpretations of verses and hadiths and bring forth excuses for deviant and vicious groups. On the other hand, some hadiths from Shiite sources which express points of Takfir (in their first layer of meaning), beside their unstable understanding, has provided a groundwork for dissident medias to provoke enmity among Muslims. This article, which uses descriptive-analytical and library method, tries to present a true, firm and comprehensive analysis around these hadiths based on the terminology of "believer" in the Qur'an and "degrees of infidelity, polytheism and misguidance" in the verses. By adjustment hadiths accordingly to Holy Qur'an, incorrect interpretations have been criticized also their important jurisprudential effects discussed. The findings show that as infidelity, polytheism and misguidance have been used in the Qur'an in various levels, so the practical and pivotal point to analyze hadith and solving apparent conflicts is the same. Also, "believer" in its Qur'anic term includes all Muslims - except in special cases - and the judicial verdicts such as purity and forbiddance of Gheebah (backbiting) for all Muslims sects.

"Elalelof Hadith" is a science that examines the hidden harms of hadiths, in terms of text and document. The book "Elalelof Hadith" by Mohammad Baqir Behboodi is one of the contemporary writings on the subject of hadiths. This article seeks to understand the methods of analysis and measurement in the book. It is evident from the study of the book that the author considers everything that causes the rejection of narrations as a hadith damage, and since he often does not define these damages, the only way to achieve his methods in critique is to examine the sample narrations of the book. This study showed that the most important method of improvement in documentary and textual criticism is to review and compare narrations with each other. With this method, he has some document damages such as: sending, interruption, members, suspension, distortion and correction, mixing in the document and some textual damages such as: correction and distortion, abrogation and extraction in texts, mixing text and The document and the extension ... have been specified; In the research, it was found that the cases that he mentioned as injuries are considered as hadith injuries and the diagnosis is correct; However, the examples that he mentioned under the heading of some injuries did not show that hadith damage, and by examining all the methods, the accuracy of some narrations was established.

The era of the Prophet Muhammad's Companions is one of the most important periods in the History of Islamic Moral Thought; when the companions found the opportunity to promote their moral, doctrinal and jurisprudential considerations as their learnings from the Prophet. However, few studies have been conducted to understand this thinker's theories, especially their moral thoughts. Always they have been considered just as the Companions who purely transmitted Prophet's traditions without any alteration in its content or its interpretation. This study aims at reconstructing the moral thought of such a companion, Abdullah Ibn Abbas (d. 68 AH) starting from a critical look at this comprehensive approach. Ibn Abbas is a Quran commentator from the younger generation of the Companions; but he has been paid less attention as a moral teacher. Also the possible influence of his moral ideas on the insights and culture of later Muslims are ignored. At the first step to study Ibn Abbas's moral thought, based on the oldest hadith sources we will analize his observations in the field of mind optimization.

The narrations of Fazl al-Qur'an in the narrative litratures have been assigned a specific section with the same title. These traditions have a significant role in defining the status and position of the Qur'an in guiding human beings as well as teaching them how to associate with the Qur'an. If one considers this type of narrative as an educational resource whose task is to explain the role and position of the Qur'an, to encourage its guidance, as well as to explain the practices of interacting with the Qur'an in life, then this set of narratives can play the role of a textbook and tutorial. According to Bloom's theory, learning is divided into three domains: cognitive, emotional, and behavioral. A review of the above narratives based on Bloom's theory reveals that these narratives are significant for all three areas of learning and, more importantly, that many more narratives are included in the behavioral section. This illustrates the educational importance of this subject in the behavioral domain and its tremendous impact on guiding human beings through the behavioral learning of the Holy Quran.

One of the important books in the field of false hadiths is the book "Al-Asrar al-Marfu'a fi al-Akhbar al-Mawdu'a" by Mulla Ali Qari. The importance of this book is in the brief collection of previous books that have been written in this field. In this book, Mulla Ali has considered a large number of narrations related to the virtues of Imam Ali (AS) to be false, while some Sunni scholars have considered them to be true. he Under these hadiths and in confirming that they are fabricated, sometimes without using the scientific rules of hadith, with words such as: "One of the Shiite lies" considered the hadiths to be false, and sometimes using rules of hadith such as: " Hiding the companions from telling the narrations that happened between them" or mentioning the title "without document" for the hadith, has criticized them. In the present study, these rules and reasons proposed by Mulla Ali, in a descriptive-analytical method, with a critical tendency and relying on the opinions of other Sunni hadith scholars, were examined and evaluated. Studies have shown that those reasons are either not applicable to the hadiths of the virtues of Imam Ali (as) at all and are fundamentally false or are not accepted by a group of Sunni narrators.

From the past centuries until now, some books have been reputed as collections of Hadith that can be divided into three types: primary, early and later collections. One of these collections is Bihar al-Anwar which is compiled by Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi. After compilation, this great Shiite encyclopedia was listed in the three later collections of Hadith, and due to its wide volume and content that led it to be comprehensive, has been under special attention. This valuable book is comprehensive in various aspects but it is not clear exactly due to which features it is called a collection. Allama Majlesi did not clarify this issue and other scholars who wrote about Bihar al-Anwar have not paid much attention to this issue, too. This following article by the use of description and analysis method of texts and Hadith-historical sources is going to clarify aspects of comprehensiveness with emphasis on the clues in its preface and content. Investigations show the features of comprehensiveness include its numerous sources, broad issues and quantitative comprehensiveness, which make it different in contrast to other collections of Hadith. Also, the comprehensiveness of this book has a direct relationship with the preservation and publication of Shiite Hadiths in order to meet the Shiites daily life needs, which is an idea originates from the book of Ali (peace be upon him) and must be considered beside other aspects in order to realize deeper features of comprehensiveness of Bihar al-Anwar.