Nosocomial infections are one of the most common infections in health centers. The high and inadequate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has increased the number of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to synthesized silver nanoparticles using Dracocephalum kotschyi extract and analysis of its antibacterial activities. In this experimental study, biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles was performed using D. kotschyi extract. Physical and chemical structure of synthesized silver nanoparticle were determined using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XED, FTIR, SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Finally, the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was assessed using two methods including disk diffusion and minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results showed that the size of the synthesized nanoparticle was 14.57 nm. The physical and chemical structure of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by XRD, TEM, and SEM. The antibacterial results also showed that Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Listeria monocytogenes were sensitive to 500 μg/ml of silver nanoparticles. The results of this study showed that the silver nanoparticles synthesized by D. kotschyi have an appropriate antibacterial potential against nosocomial pathogens and can act as one of the nano-achievements in helping to management of infectious diseases.

Purification of proteins is an essential step to determining their function and structure. Proteins are often combined with a tag to facilitate purification prosses. The aim of this study was to design and construct pET32b(+)Rh vector based on pET-32b(+) expression vector to simplifiy purification of recombinant proteins only by Nicle column. The primer design was performed taking into account the targeted changes. Using PCR reaction, the desired fragment was amplified and cloned in pET-32b(+) vector. The recombinant vector was transformed into Escherichia coli. After screening by colony-PCR and restriction enzyme analysis, sequencing was performed. Vector function study, was performed by investigating the expression and purification of a toxic peptide IOD-NaTx with disulfide bonds in pET32b(+)Rh vector. In new pET32b(+)Rh vector, the histidine tag site at the C- terminal of thioredoxin was removed and the N-terminal of the recombinant peptide would not change much if BamHI is used for cloning . To evaluate the function of the vector, the soluble expression of a toxic peptide was successfully determined and two-step purification using IMAC method resulted into the pure recombinant peptide. In this study, the simple and fast method of cloning was used to construct a modified expression vector using a commercial plasmid. The new pET32b(+)Rh vector can be used to express complex peptides with disulfide bonds fused with thioredoxin. The recombinant protein could be purified simply without need to costly methods such as HPLC and FPLC or other chromatography columns.

Biodegradation of organic matter in the elemental cycle is very important, but in the case of the museum and archival works, the degradation called biodeterioration leads to the loss of valuable information that biologists seek to reduce its damages. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bacterial pathology of some of the exquisite manuscripts kept in Astane Quds Razavi Documentation Center in Mashhad. In this study, using classical and molecular methods, bacterial contamination of five exquisite manuscripts was investigated and identified. Sampling was performed using three methods of a direct swab, wet swab in physiological serum and nitrocellulose membrane. Bacterial contamination of the reservoir air was performed using an open plate method. In total, 72 bacterial strains were isolated, 28 of which were identified by molecular method, most of which belonged to the Firmicutes phylum. Bacillus atrophaeus with 38.6% abundance had the highest distribution. Bacterial strains of Staphylococcus hominis and Bacillus altitudinis were isolated only from airborne samples. The microbial community of books and air showed 53% similarity, indicating a possible source of microbial contamination with air origin. The presence of similar bacteria (23.5%) in the buffer room and tank air confirmed this. The results of this study indicate the presence of bacteria in the paper and leather substrates of the studied books, and, on the other hand, identifying bacterial air pollutants helps improve the ventilation of tanks and libraries. Understanding these factors will help in choosing efficient methods of preservation and restoration of written works.

In this study, the PHAs producing bacteria were isolated from soils of Mashhad countryside. Using, staining methods, Black Sudan B and Acridine Orange, the suitable isolates have been separated. To increase the polyhydroxyalkanoate production, optimizing has been done in two stages. In the first stage, different nitrogen resource, glucose density, pH, temperature and aeration have been optimized in order to increase the biomass. In the second stage, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen, pH, temperature and amount of aeration have been optimized in order to increase polyhydroxyalkanoate production. Among the 31 isolates, 20 isolates have been recognized as the polyhydroxyalkanoate producer. Aeromonas sp. EBA 118 by producing the highest amount of the polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer has been chosen as the selected object. Yeast extract 7g/l, glucose 5g/l, pH=8, temperature of 20ºC and 75% aeration were the optimal conditions for the highest production of biomass. The optimal conditions in the second stage aiming the increase of the polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer production were the ratio of carbon to nitrogen 0.35, pH=7, temperature of 37ºC and 80% aeration. The results of FT-IR spectroscopy showed that the polymer produced by EBA118 isolate is not the kind of the pure polyhedroxybutirate, but is probably a kind of copolymer PHBHHx.

In recent years, gastric cancer ranks as the fifth cause of death and it demands for recognizing biomarkers. To get more information, we used NCBI, miRNA SNP, miRBase, phenomiR, miRWALK2.0 and DAVID data bases as the bioinformatic tools. As was shown in NCBI, one of the genes that showed a close relationship with gastric cancer was PSCA on a locus of 8q2.42. To find recognizing related miRNAs, we used miRNASNP and miRdSNP. There was one SNP of rs2976394, for substitutuion of allele C with T which affected binding affinity of the related microRNA which was hsa-miR-3924. has-miR-3934 has known as one of the most important microRNAs, according to its role in gastric cancer by the data obtained from bioinformatics web sites including phenomiR, and miRWALK2.0. Therefore this miRNA was selected for futrther analyses.Results have shown meaningful association between rs2976394 and incidence of gastric cancer. Also, statistical results have shown significant relation between rs2976394 and H.pylori and metastasis. In addition, there is a conformity between RLN,primary tumor,stage and rs2976394. Finally according to statistical information, Hereditary pattern of Log-additive has chosen.

Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Anzali, Iran The beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria on human and animal health has been widely studied and confirmed in various cases. To obtain probiotic bacteria, Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria, dates were considered as one of the important nutrients that could be the source of isolation of these bacteria. The aim of this study was to isolate probiotic bacteria of lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus from aqueous extract of Mazafati, Pourm and Zahedi. For isolation of lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus, the extract was grown on MRS agar and agar nutrient. After 5 days of incubation at 37 ° C under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, colonies isolated with morphological characteristics and microscopic form associated including positive gram bacteria. positive and negative catalase bacteria isolated from MRS agar and nutrient agar, respectively. These bacteria were evaluated using biochemical and polymerase chain reactions. According to chemical and molecular tests, Lecunostoc mesenteroeides subsp mesenteroeides, Bacillus subtilis strain UD1022 and Pediococcus parvalus strainSC8B isolated from Mazafati, Piarom and Zahedi date extract . All three bacteria were probiotic. Discussion and According to the results of the experiments, dates are in the probiotic collection. Aqueous extract of dates can be used to enrichment and preparing of probiotic foods. Also, according to the characteristics of probiotic bacteria, aqueous extract of dates or dates may be recommended to prevent of pathogenic bacteria replacement and disease for consumers.

In this study, the interaction of pepsin with allura red food additive was investigated using a fluorescence spectroscopy method under quasi-physiological conditions. The experimental results indicated that allura red can quench the fluorescence of pepsin, the quenching rate constant (Kq), indicates that the quenching mechanism is static. The apparent binding constant (Ka) and binding site number (n) were evaluated at different temperatures. The results show that that the Ka for the association of SY with pepsin decreases with the rising temperature. Enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) were calculated as -45.584 (kJ mol-1) and -49.052 (J K-1 mol-1) respectively, which shows the importance of hydrogen bond formation and van der Waal’s interaction in binding of allura red to pepsin, the negative sign of free energy changes (ΔG°) indicates the affinity of color to protein. The results of synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that the microenvironment around Tyr and Trp residues is not significant changed binding between pepsin and allura red. According to experimental data, red allura can reducing the pepsin activity.

Exact evaluation of the amount and distribution of genetic diversity in plants is essential for developing a strategy for conservation and use of genetic resources. Study, the genetic diversity of 40 genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated using 10 Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers and four Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The 10 ISSR primers produced 92 polymorphic bands with an average of 9.2 polymorphic bands for each primer and the polymorphic percentage was 86.79%. Also, four RAPD primers produced 19 polymorphic bands with an average of 4.75 bands for each primer, and the average polymorphic percentage was 67.85%. High levels of effective number of alleles, Nei index, Shannon index, and the Polymorphism information content of ISSR markers for UBC813, UBC816 and UBC824 primers, and RAPD markers for OH-04 and OPA02 primers was indicated the high efficiency of these primers in differentiating the studied wheat genotypes in this research. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient based on the whole polynomial bands of ISSR and RAPD markers divided wheat genotypes in two separate groups. Also, principal coordinates analysis and determining population structure based on Bayesian method with STRUCTURE software placed the cultivars in two groups and confirmed cluster analysis results. Molecular analysis of variance showed that within groups’ diversity is more than between groups’ diversity. Information obtained from this research and variation in wheat cultivars can be used in the breeding programs for yield improvement.

Double-layer nanodiscs are structures made up of phospholipids double-layer membrane and do not exist between the double-layer of any contents or water molecules. Quadruple nanodiscs are actually like a normal cell that pushes on both sides of the body, such as the red blood cell structure that is pushing on both sides. The structure of nanodisc can cover water-soluble drugs in its hydrophilic superficial and fat-soluble drugs within its two layers, which is a hydrophobic environment. Synthesis of nanodiscs in experimental environments is time-consuming and costly. Therefore, in this research, the nanodisc structures from Egg sphingomyelin (DPSM) and Cholesterol (CHOL) molecules were designed and constructed. In order to do this goal, a molecular dynamics simulation approach was used. The results and analyses obtained from the simulations showed that selective molecules created a nanodiscs structure that resulted from the physicochemical properties of the DSPC and cholesterol molecules. It should be noted that the DSPC molecule has a cone-shaped geometric structure as well as a larger group than other lipids, which makes the molecule's tendency increase to create a nanodisc structure. The cholesterol molecule is located in the DPSM phospholipids and interacts with them. This feature of the cholesterol molecule increases the stability of the nanodiscs structures. Energy analyzes including total energy, van der Waals and electrostatic interactions energy showed that the created nanodisc structures, suitably reached to final structural stability.

Catalase as an important antioxidative enzyme protects cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtoquinone, as a naphthoquinone derivative, has been found to have a broad biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer and anti-bacterial effects. In this study, the effect of two different derivatives of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtoquinone derivatives (BNQ and ANQ) on the structure and function of bovine liver catalase (BLC), was studied using different spectroscopic and computational methods such as UV-vis spectrometry, fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy, and molecular docking studies. Kinetic studies and thermodynamic parameters showed that by adding gradual concentrations of BNQ and ANQ, catalase activity was significantly decreased through mixed and competitive inhibition mechanisms, respectively. The fluorescence spectroscopic results at different temperatures indicated that BNQ and ANQ can quench the intrinsic fluorescence emission of BLC through static quenching mechanism. Molecular docking data in agreement with experimental results, confirmed that there is only one binding site on the BLC structure for BNQ and ANQ. Study on effect of different compounds on the activity and structure of the catalase as a bilateral actions and principal biological enzyme could be important. Because excessive utilization of these compounds in various drugs can cause side effects and may threaten human health.

Central nervous system disorders, including Parkinson's Disease (PD), are growing pathogenic incurable diseases. In PD, with the loss of neurons especially in the areas which produce and secrete dopamine, the patient is facing with irreversible motorized and perceived complications. Neuronal damage and death are usually accompanied by increasing the expression of alpha-synuclein (αSN) protein. Rotenone, a known neurotoxin, is also contributed to PD by inducing oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the effect of the extracts of three Iranian olive cultivars on the PD cell model which overexpresses αSN. These cells react strongly to rotenone through which, above and beyond neurotoxicity, the length of the neurites is also reduced in the treatment with rotenone. Some extracts played a protective role in rotenone-treated cells and decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly. The radical scavenging activity of the extracts suggested that these reagents can play a protective role on neuronal cells through this mechanism; however, due to the different behavior of the extracts in the extracellular environment, it seems that more complex mechanisms are involved in their neuronal protective effect. This study showed that original Iranian olives belong to Roghani and Zard cultivars could protect the neurons against damage adopted from toxins and αSN and finally could be used in the diet to prevent PD.

The adenosine deaminase enzyme participates in the metabolism of purines, and plays an essential role in the proliferation and maturation of mammalian cells and, also its activity increases in breast cancer cells. In this study, the effect of aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra on viability and ADA gene expression in two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and one normal cell line (MCF-10A) were studied.

Cytotoxicity of the G. glabra extract was examined by MTT assay. The expression ADA gene was evaluated by Real-time PCR.

The vitality of cancerous cells are decreased by increasing the concentration of the extract significantly. The expression of ADA gene at the concentration of 200 μg/ml of extract in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 lines decreased by 4 and 4.8 fold, respectively.

The decrease in viability of breast cancer cells observed in this study could be the result of the reduction of ADA gene expression.