نشریه عصب روانشناسی
سال هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 25، تابستان 1400)

Substance abuse disorder is a chronic disease which has adverse effects on various psychological, social and physical aspects of individuals' lives. In this respect, examining the psychological variables associated with substance abuse disorder can help to better understand this disorder and effectively manage and reduce opioid craving in patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the moderating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between brain activation and inhibition systems; and opioid craving.

In this descriptive-correlational study, a sample of 150 male patients with substance abuse disorder were selected by purposive sampling method and considering exclusion and inclusion criteria. The participants were asked to fill out the short form of Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-SF), Behavioral Activation and Inhibition Systems Scale (BAS/BIS), and Heroin Craving Questionnaire (HCQ-45). Stepwise regression was used to analyze the data.

Results indicated that brain activation and inhibition systems were respectively positively and negatively associated with opioid craving (p<.05). Additionally, early maladaptive schemas were found to be positively correlated with craving (p<.01). No moderating role was found regarding the early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between brain activation and inhibition systems; and opioid craving.

According to the findings, brain activation and inhibition systems are one of the predicting factors of the opioid craving. Thus, the present study suggests that brain activation and inhibition systems should be taken into account in developing intervention and relapse prevention programs.

The aim of this study was to effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and transcranial direct current stimulation on the executive functions of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study and its research design is pre-test and post-test with a control group. Sixty PTSD veterans of Bustan Psychiatric Hospital in Ahvaz participated in study as a sample and were randomly divided into three groups of metacognitive therapy, tDCS and control. The measuring instruments were the Stroop test and the Tower of London test. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA.

the results showed that in the executive function test of Stroop and Tower of London in the pre-test stage there was no significant difference between groups (P <0.05) but in the post-test stage there was a significant difference between groups (0.05 > P). According to the results of Bonferroni test, there is a significant difference between the metacognitive therapy group with control (P<0.05) and tDCS with control (P<0.05) in strop and Tower of London test, but there is none significant difference between the metacognitive therapy and tDCS groups (P <0.05).

use of metacognitive therapy approach as well as tDCS of can improve executive functions in veterans with PTSD. Therefore, it is recommended to therapists and rehabilitators and all people who deal with such people to use these two types of approaches in their daily plans and to improve executive functions.

Major depression is the commonest psychiatric disorder and in the world has the greatest impact of all biomedical diseases on disability.The purpose of the present study is comparing the expression of dopaminergic DRD3 and DRD4 receptors in patients with major depression and healthy Individuals.

The population of this study was, all depressed patients admitted to the clinical psychologists. The method is causal-comparative study. The research sample includes of 62 depressed patients (28 male and 34 female), with the random sampling of depressed patients referred to the clinics, to be selected, and 60 healthy individuals(30 male and 30 female) as comparison group. After the informed consent .Evaluate the relative expression of gene DRD3 and DRD4, using measured by quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR and SYBER Green used. Research data was analyzed using the T-Test, SPSS and Excel software.

Results showed that DRD3 gene in patients compared to healthy subjects had greater relative expression(p value<0.001),but the D4 gene expression in the two groups showed no significant difference (p value>0.05).The finding suggest that DRD3 gene seem to be important variables in depression, but DRD4genedoes not play a role in depression.

The finding suggest that he DRD3 receptor gene seem to be an important variable in depression, which showed decreased expression of receptor DRD3,under the influence of this disease, which we can be used as a marker for to screen major depression disorder (MDD) correctly.

Working memory has been considered as one of the important topics in the field of neuroscience. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of working memory intervention program on math performance and self-efficacy of students with math learning disabilities.

The experimental research method was pre-test design, post-test with control group and follow-up stage. The statistical population included all male students with disabilities learning mathematics in Kerman, 40 of whom were selected by simple random sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (20 people). The experimental group received 14 sessions of 45 minutes of working memory intervention. During this period, the control group did not receive any intervention. Pre-test and post-test were performed and after three months of follow-up test. Research instruments included Wechsler IQ scale, mathematical performance test and mathematical self-efficacy questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by analysis of covariance.

The results showed that the working memory intervention had a significant effect on post-test scores and the effect of this intervention was stable (P <0.05 and F =, eta).

Intervention with Working memory approach has improved mathematical performance and self-efficacy in the experimental group and is considered as a useful intervention method.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of attention-based cognitive rehabilitation and working memory-based cognitive rehabilitation on cognitive emotion regulation and information processing speed of dyslexic students.

The statistical population of this quasi-experimental study (pre-test, post-test, follow-up test with control group) included all dyslexic students referred to counseling centers of Neyshabour Education Department during the academic year 1398-1399. Forty-four cases were randomly divided into two experimental and one control group. Participants were assessed using the Reading Questionnaire and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Garnefsky et al. (2002) questionnaire in three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Then, independent variables were administered for the two experimental groups. The first experimental group (n = 14) received cognitive rehabilitation based on attention amplification, the second experimental group (n = 14) received working memory-based cognitive rehabilitation during eighteen 60-minute sessions. The third group was on the waiting list as control group and did not receive any treatment during the study. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Positive cognitive adjustment strategies and information process increased and negative strategies decreased in intervention groups in compare to the control goup(P<0.05).

Based on the findings, it can be said that the efficacy in the cognitive rehabilitation group based on working memory amplification variable speed of information processing was higher, but the effectiveness of attention-based cognitive rehabilitation treatment was higher in cognitive emotion regulation variable (positive strategies).

Cognitive rehabilitation is considered as an effective intervention in promoting the cognitive functions of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on improving the cognitive functions of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

For this purpose, all articles published in the period 2000 to 2020 were reviewed, to find related English studies, Google Scholar Databases, Science Direct, Scopus, Academia, Cochrane Database, Research Gate, and biomedical databases include PubMed, Medline, Psych Info, and rehabilitation databases including PEDRO , OTseeker, Rehab data and to find related studies in Persian, Google Scholar (Persian), SID, Magiran, IranDoc, MedLib, NoorMags, IranMedex databases, to Search with English and Persian keywords.

930 articles published in English and Persian were retrieved, and finally 12 related articles were reviewed. In this study, most studies focused on a limited range of cognitive functions.

The results indicate the improvement of cognitive functions (memory, executive function and attention) in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder after cognitive rehabilitation. According to the results of studies, it can be stated that cognitive rehabilitation as an intervention can be effective along with other therapeutic interventions in promoting of cognitive functions in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy and transcranial direct currect stimulation in improving cognitive dominance in children with ADHD.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population includes all children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder in Ardabil in the academic year 1399-1400. The sample consisted of 33 children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two intervention groups and a control group (11 people in each group). The instruments of this study include WISC-IV intelligence test and the interventions of this study include 20 sessions of neurofeedback therapy and 10 sessions of transcranial direct currect stimulation. The data of this study were analyzed with SPSS software version 23.

The mean scores of cognitive dominance were measured twice, which showed that in the post-test, the mean scores in cognitive dominance increased and no change was observed in the control group. The results show that after controlling the effect of pretest on posttest to compare the scores of the cognitive dominance scale between the three groups at the error level (0.05) there is a significant difference.

According to the sessions and results obtained, neurofeedback therapy and transcranial direct currect stimulation are effective in improving cognitive dominance; Therefore, it is recommended to use these treatments to improve cognitive dominance.

the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of attentional bias ‎modification ‎ and transcranial stimulation on reducing social anxiety disorder ‎syndrome.

In this study a randomized clinical trial design was used. ‎The statistical population included volunteer students with social anxiety ‎syndrome at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in the academic year ‎‏2016‏‎-‎‏2017‏‎. Participants were ‎‏30‏‎ students who were selected based on the inclusion ‎and exclusion criteria in the study and were randomly divided into two ‎experimental groups (modification of attentional bias and transcranial ‎stimulation) and a control group. Before and after the intervention, all of them ‎completed a social phobias inventory and their reaction time to attention bias ‎tasks was collected. Data were analyzed by covariance model.

the ‎results indicate that both methods of intervention compared to the control ‎group significantly reduced the symptoms of social anxiety disorder and bias ‎towards negative emotional stimuli and increased attention to positive ‎emotional stimuli. There was no significant difference between the two ‎intervention methods.

The findings of the present study ‎emphasize the need to pay attention to and use new therapeutic approaches in ‎the face of social anxiety disorder. Applied implications were discussed.‎