مجله علوم مراقبتی نظامی
سال هشتم شماره 2 (تابستان 1400)

Fear of sleep is one of the disorders of veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder.

Due to the importance of investigating the factors related to sleep fear, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between sleep fear and death anxiety in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder.

This descriptive correlational study was performed on 125 veterans of post-traumatic stress disorder in Golestan province in 2020. The sampling method of this study is the census. Data collection tools are Sleep Inventory-Short Form (FOSI-SF) and Templer Death Anxiety Questionnaire. The collected information were analyzed with statistical software SPSS 21 and Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation coefficient tests were used to analyze data.

The rate of fear of sleep was 47.52±14.27 and the rate of death anxiety was 9.69±2.56. Spearman correlation coefficient test showed a significant relationship (P = 0.002, r = -0.27). So that increasing the fear of sleep increases the level of death anxiety.
Discussion and

The results of this study showed that by reducing the fear of sleep, the rate of death anxiety decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to the sleep health of veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress.

Adherence to preventive behaviors of people in a community affects the health of the people of that community. Performing these behaviors and determining their predictors in soldiers is very important because of the situation and conditions in which they are placed.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy and the preventive behaviors of soldiers.

This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study and the research community consisted of soldiers during the necessity service period of the Armed Forces barracks in the Northwest of the country in the first half of 2020. Three hundred qualified soldiers were enrolled in the census. To collect data, questionnaires of soldiers’ demographic information, health literacy of the Iranian adult population, and a researcher-made questionnaire on preventive behaviors were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 using Pearson correlation confidence.

The percentage of the sing subjects was 84.3%, 38.8% had undergraduate education, and 80% were non-native with a mean age of 22.16±3.24 years. The level of health literacy of soldiers (62.08±12.93) was not enough and the level of preventive behaviors (12.69±5.66) was low. Based on the results, the relationship between health literacy and preventive behaviors (r = 0.163, P=0.006) was significant and direct. The relationship between marital status (P=0.046) and hospitality history (P=0.049) with health literacy was significant and the health literacy of married soldiers with a history of hospitalization was higher.

Given the importance of health literacy in predicting health behaviors and its direct and significant relationship with preventive behaviors, it is recommended to assess the health literacy for all soldiers at the beginning of the military service and consider training programs for its promotion in low-level cases.

Low Self-esteem can lead to mental illness. Some of the soldiers may suffer from problems such as depression and low self-esteem during their military service.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of group cognitive-behavioral therapy on the self-esteem of depressed soldiers hospitalized in the medical wards of selected hospitals in Ahvaz.

This quasi-experimental study was performed in 2020-2021. Eighty-eight soldiers who were hospitalized in psychiatric wards with a diagnosis of major depression were recruited using convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups by tossing coins. To assess the self-esteem of soldiers, the Rosenberg scale was used in the pre-intervention stage and one week after the intervention. The +10 and -10, scores show the high and low levels of self-esteem, respectively. In addition to drug therapy, the experimental group entered group cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions in six 60-minute sessions. The researchers in the control group performed no intervention. They received only drugs.

The mean score of soldiers’ self-esteem in the pre-intervention stage in the experimental and control groups was (-4.13±3.91) and (-6.39±1.81), respectively, (P= 0.190). In the post-intervention stage, the self-esteem score in the experimental and control groups was (3.68±3.31) and (-5.86±2.77), respectively (P< 0.0001). So that the score of the experimental group was higher than the control group. Also, the results showed that the score of the experimental group increased in the post-test stage.

Group cognitive-behavioral therapy has a positive effect on the self-esteem of depressed soldiers. Therefore, it is recommended that the health team use it as a standard, affordable and cost-effective method to improve the self-esteem of depressed soldiers.

Sufficient knowledge and skills are required for proper triage of patients by nurses. Therefore, training nursing students who will be working as nurses in the future with a proper approach in the field of triage is essential.

This study aimed to determine the effect of web-based networking education and lecture on hospital triage in nursing students in selected universities of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the Covid-19 pandemic.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted between 2019 and 2021. The participants were selected by census method and divided into two experimental groups (web-based networking education and lecture) and a control group. A valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire and a skill appraisal checklist for hospital triage were used for data collection.

In the web-based networking group, the mean scores of the knowledge (15.30±3.75 vs. 27.20±1.36) and skill (20.80±3.45 vs. 27.90±1.16) significantly increased in the post-test. In the lecture group, the mean scores of the knowledge (18.95±1.82 vs. 27.05±0.88) and the skill (23.50±2.66 vs. 27.50±1.10) increased in the post-test. Also, in the control group, the mean scores of the knowledge (17.90±2.29 vs. 19.50±2.30) and the skill increased from (22.65±2.56 vs. 25±1.37) in the post-test. The mean difference of knowledge and skill scores of nursing students in the three groups were significantly different so that the mean difference scores of knowledge and skill in the web-based networking group were higher than other groups.

Students’ knowledge and skills were further enhanced in the web-based networking group. Further studies with higher sample sizes are recommended.

Teaching is very important in the educational system of medical universities. Improving the quality of education of medical students is not possible without changes in teaching techniques. So training can be very effective while using different teaching and learning methods.

The present study was conducted to compare the effect of teaching through lectures and debates on the learning and satisfaction of nursing students.

This study is a quasi-experimental study that was performed on 2 groups of nursing students in a maternal health lessons at Aja University. Sampling was performed by the census. The lecture method was performed in the control group and debate was applied for the test group. The student satisfaction questionnaire was used. Students’ scores at the end of the semester were an indicator of students’ learning in both methods. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.

The findings showed that there was no significant difference between the final scores and satisfaction in two groups (P > 0.05). There were significant difference between satisfaction, ease of receiving answers to questions, spending energy to participate in this method and motivating to the educational method items on two groups.

In this study, debate method did not improve students’ grades. It is suggested that this teaching method be used in the postgraduate courses of Aja Nursing School.

Caring for patients treated with mechanical ventilation is of particular importance because of its complications. The occurrence of various diseases, including pneumonia and its resulting mortality, is affected by inadequate and improper implementation of principled and safe instructions by the care team, especially nurses.

This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of airway care safety guidelines for patients under mechanical ventilation.

This descriptive study was performed in 2020 in the intensive care units (ICUs) of selected Military hospitals in Tehran. The study population included all nurses working in these wards. The performance of 90 nurses working in these wards was observed four times. A total of 270 observations of nurses’ performance in patients’ airway care were recorded in a researcher-made observation checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25 and descriptive and inferential statistical tests such as independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The significance level was considered less than 0.05.

In total, 61.1% were male, 54.4% were married, 92.2% were bachelor, and 7.2% had a formal contract with a mean age of 33.36±8.44 years. The total amount of care in the first time was 35.08±7.59, in the second time was 35.12±7.30, and in the third time was 35.61±7.05. Safe airway care of patients had a significant relationship with the variables of gender, marital status, work experience, type of employment, shift and work history of patient safety, intensive care, and mechanical ventilation.

In this study, it was found that the status of implementation of airway safety instructions by nurses for patients under mechanical ventilation is at an unfavorable level. Further monitoring of nurses’ performance, practical and quality training on how to care for patients’ airways, and strict implementation of safety instructions are strongly recommended.

A brief encounter with the cues associated with the drug leads to memory reconsolidation and disruption of drug memory by drug use can lead to memory update and reduced relapse.

This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of memory reconsolidation interference by propranolol on drug craving and its relationship with emotion in subjects with heroin use disorder.

This study was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test and follow-up with a control group on 50 men (mean age 22 to 68 years) performed in Qom province addiction treatment camps in 2020. Data collection tools included demographic information questionnaire, structured diagnostic interview based on DSM.5, change readiness questionnaire, Bart impulsivity scale, computerized visual craving test, visual analog induction craving scale, and positive and negative emotion scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and multivariate analysis of variance tests with repeated measures and Pearson correlation at a significance level of less than P< 0.05. For the experimental group 10 minutes later from retrieval, propranolol (40 mg) was prescribed and the control group did not receive medication.

Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that interference in drug abuse memory reconsolidation by propranolol significantly reduced heroin induction craving in the experimental group as compared with the control group (P< 0.001). However, no statistically significant relationship was observed in pretest (P= 0.223, P= 0.08), posttest (P= 0.225, P= 0.186), and follow-up (P= 0.555, P= 0.018) between craving and positive or negative emotions.
Discussion and

The results of this study showed that neuroscience innovations can be used for the treatment of addiction disorders.

Addiction and substance use is not only a serious disease but also social harm.

This study aimed to investigate pattern of structural relationships executive function, ego resilience and moral identity in predicting self-efficacy for quitting of substance abuse: the role of mindfulness mediation.

The present study was descriptive, based on structural equations modeling. The whole people with substance dependence referring to Ardabil centers of addiction treatment in the second half of 2020 comprised the statistical population of this research. Two hundred and thirty people were selected from this population through multistage random cluster sampling and they were asked to respond to questionnaires of executive function, ego resilience, moral identity, self-efficacy for quitting, and mindfulness. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and structural equating modeling (SEM) using SPSS 25 and Lisrel 8.8 software. The significance level in the tests was considered 0.05.

The results showed that self-efficacy for quitting is positively related to Executive function and components of response inhibition, task initiation, planning, organization and goal-oriented perseverance, ego resilience, moral identity and its components, and mindfulness. Mindfulness also has a positive and significant relationship with Executive function and components of response inhibition, task initiation, planning, organization, flexibility, ego resilience, and moral identity and its components. Model fit indices also confirmed the effect of Executive function, ego resilience, and moral identity on self-efficacy for quitting mediated by mindfulness.

The model has a good fit and the theoretical model fits with the data observed in the sample.

Frisbee exercise strengthens both the aerobic and anaerobic systems and the cardiovascular system. It also can improve the physical and mental state of people.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Frisbee activity on self-efficacy, prediction of return, and quality of life in addicts.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted to select 70 addicts who were under treatment in Village of Salami in Shiraz based on Morgan’s table and purposefully available as a statistical sample. First, all subjects completed three self-efficacies including Sherer, prediction of return, and quality of life questionnaires. Subsequently, all subjects participated in the same program of 180 frisbee throws. Finally, they were asked to complete the three questionnaires again. To examine the differences between the two groups, t-test and SPSS software version 22 were used.

The results showed that Frisbee exercise had a significant effect on self-efficacy, prediction of return, and quality of life in male addicts’ group so that Frisbee exercises significantly decreased the likelihood of consumption in a particular position (P=0.047), strength of desire in a particular position (P=0.046), and the meaningful increase of quality of life (P= 0.044) and self-efficacy (P=0.048).

It can be said that Frisbee exercise is an effective and important factor in the psychological factors mentioned in the male addict group; therefore, it is suggested that to help the progress of the substance leaving and also preventing the person from returning to substance abuse in this group, this type of exercise is prescribed.

Today, the need to pay attention to spirituality in chronic diseases has received more attention than before. The mission of psychiatrists is to apply sufficient knowledge and skills in caring for psychiatric patients and to maintain and promote family and community health.

This study aimed to determine the effect of spiritual therapy on the lifestyle of hemodialysis patients.

In this quasi-experimental study, 96 patients undergoing hemodialysis were selected by convenience sampling from Imam Reza Hospital in Amol in 2020 and divided into experimental and control groups by random allocation. 12 sessions of spiritual therapy training were held individually and concerning patient privacy for 6 weeks for patients in the experimental group. At the beginning of the study and one month after the sessions, the Walker lifestyle questionnaire was completed by patients in both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 and descriptive statistics and independent t-test and paired t-test. The significance level was considered less than 0.05.

There was a statistically significant difference between the mean lifestyle scores of the dialysis patients in the experimental group before and after the intervention (P<0.001), while this difference was not significant in the control group. The mean lifestyle of patients in the experimental and control groups before the intervention (P= 0.6) was not significant, while the difference in the mean lifestyle scores of patients in the two groups after the intervention (P= 0.001) was significant.

Teaching spiritual issues (spiritual therapy) improved the lifestyle of patients undergoing hemodialysis. It is recommended to pay attention to spiritual and religious issues along with medical treatment of patients undergoing hemodialysis to improve their lifestyle.