نشریه مطالعات جامعه شناسی
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 42، بهار 1398)

Immigration has been considered as a form of geographical movementof the population, occurring among two geographical units. The movementmust necessarily lead to a change in the usual residence of the individualfrom the origin or his residence before immigration to destination or newresidence. The present study aims to study the relationship betweencultural– social capital with the tendency to immigration from Khoy. Theresearch method is correlational and it is a practical study in purpose. Thestatistical population includes all citizens of khoy between 26 -64 yearsold. According to official statistics this city is divided to 2 areas (eacharea divided in 10 sub-areas), with the first area having a population of29486 families and the second area having a population of 27605families. Totally population includes 57091 families and 200958 people.The sample is 384 citizens (from the families) of khoy and the samplingmethod is incidental clustering. This study revealed that, there is apositive and significant relationship between the social relations andsocial cohesion and amount of tendency to immigration from Khoy.There is not a positive and significant relationship between the tendencyto use cultural goods and amount of tendency to immigration from Khoy.There is a negative and significant relationship between the consumptionof cultural commodities and tendency to immigration from Khoy.

Nowadays, environment and the protection of it is one of the mostimportant challenges of the human societies. Environmental disaster notonly affects peace and security of human life, but also the health beingput under serious threat. In the meantime, education can be considered asa factor to help people in creating an understanding and sensitivity to theenvironment and related issues. In this paper, the impact of sociologicalindices of educational factors separated by government educationexpenditures, number of students, number of schools and the literacy rateon environmental behavior Index (carbon dioxide emissions) has beenanalyzed over the period 1982 to 2016. The auto regressive distributedlag (ARDL) technique has been employed to estimate the effects ofvariables. The empirical results suggest that, increasing educationalindicators led to the reduction of environmental pollution in Iran.

Iran's history of identity in Reza shah period is full of discontinuities.The change in identity paradigm into identification based on modernity isthe most important fact in discontinuities of Iran's social identity. Rezashah based his ruling on concentration and nationalism, and according tothis ideology did a great deal of actions. Besides positive and negativeeffects of integration ideology in Iran's society in that time, itsconsequences in Azerbaijan led to identity break-ups and ethnicitytensions that continued until present time. Perhaps, prescribing integrative,pure, unique, and soliloquist identity for a period with violence casedsocial solidarity in Iran, but following purification policies besides thedestruction of customs, traditions, and languages of other ethnics hadirreparable effects which sometimes damaged territorial integrity. In thispaper, Rezashah's nationalism ideology in Azerbaijan was analyzed inorder to make a picture of the reasons of construction of ethnic identitydiscontinuities in these decades.

The purpose of this study is to achieve two general cognitiveapproaches. The first one is the technical evaluation of the website of theFood and Drug Administration in terms of the technical standards relatedto the website of government agencies and then the content analysis ofthe web site in terms of creativity and applicability. The research methodis descriptive. The statistical population of this study is the users of thewebsite of the Food and Drug Administration of the Islamic Republic ofIran, whom the total population is 6 thousand, as well as 50 IT expertsand specialists. The sample size based on the Cochran formula wascalculated (with a 95% confidence interval) 361 people. 382 questionnaireswere used for rendering the sample variety using a random samplingmethod among the users of the Food and Drug Administration website.The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire thatincluded 55 questions on applicability and 40 questions in the form of achecklist for assessing the quality of the website services that wereprepared based on the goals and questions of the research and, somequestions is designed in the form of the Likert spectrum. Data is analysedusing SPSS software. Theoretical framework of the research is based ontheories of “use and gratification theory", "probability and detail model","interaction design theory", "Albert Bandura social learning theory","theory of the dissemination of innovations", "theory of highlighting",and "theory" Cleft of consciousness ". The findings of the study showedthat, the variable of the level of applicability from the users perspective;in two aspects of the level of website services and the level of creativityof the website that the website of the Food and Drug Administration ofthe country on the level of services has a higher level of service and onthe level of creativity, although some of the components of this websitehave achieved significant averages, but generally showed a moderate tohigh level in the components of website creativity; however, about 13components of the 23 components of the web creativity level needs toupgrade and optimize the level of service for customers and users. Ingeneral, the level of applicability of this website comparing to the levelsof technological features and content properties; has acceptable and highscores relative to the overall site.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the amount ofactivity in cyberspace and students’ sense of social alienation in Maranduniversities. The method used in this research is project with the aim ofexplaining and describing the data. In order to measure the dependentvariable (social alienation), standard indices of Melvin Seaman’s socialalienation questionnaire was used. The population of the research isstudents studying at universities of Marand in the academic year of 94-93and 386 samples were estimated as the sample size by Cochran Formula.The data collected were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of thisresearch show that, there is a positive correlation between students’ levelof activity in the virtual world and social alienation. It means that withincreasing duration of use of the virtual world a sense of social alienationincreases. Also, there is a positive relationship between the virtual worldand social alienation factors such as: isolation, feelings of meaninglessnessand anomaly. The social alienation level doesn’t differ in terms of genderbut it is different in terms of marital status, and married students feelmore social alienation than single students.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship betweenreligiosity and social tolerance in students of the Kalaleh city. ThisResearch is practical and the population consisted of all universitystudents of Azad and PayameNoor in Kalaleh city. The sample was 302students. Measurement tools were two questionnaires: adaptation of theClark and stuck religious questionnaire and social tolerance questionnairederived from Vogt. In this research, data analysis software (SPSS 79) wasused in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. The results ofthis study are as follows .There is a significant relationship betweenreligiosity and social tolerance (sig= 00006) as well as the highest impacton the social tolerance related to cognitive dimension of religiosity(Beta= 0/692). More than 79% of the variance in social tolerance can beexplained by religious components (R6= 0/791) and the maximum impacton social tolerance related to religious ritual elements (Beta= 0/504).Belief component controlling other components explained more than 4%of the variation in social tolerance among students.

This article has been developed to examine the components of socialcapital. In this context, the concept of social capital and the viewsexpressed on it are described. In this research, 604 citizens of Tehranwere selected by multi-stage cluster sampling in 2017, and using a surveymethod and a questionnaire were examined. After collecting the data andanalyzing them using SPSS software, findings from descriptive statisticsand single sample t-test showed that, the status of social capitalcomponents which include social cohesion, willingness to participate inpolitical and religious activities, and trust in institutions is far from thedesired situation. The mutual correlation relationships of the twocomponents are statistically significant. In sum, it can be said that thesocial capital of the respondents has been eroded against the political andsocial system of Iran.

The current study aimed at assessing the job satisfaction amongemployees of the East Azerbaijan power distribution company in 2015. Inthis research, 232 employees of Power Company were selected bystratified random sampling from 8 populated cities of East Azerbaijan. Tothis purpose, different dimensions of job satisfaction measurement wereextracted from theoretical and empirical background and categorized into8 dimensions. Then, using the Structural Equation Modeling method, themeasurement model was designed by LISREL package. The findingshowed that, 1. the goodness of fit of measurement model was in thedesired level and the construct validity of the scale was largely confirmed.Also, results of (φ) coefficient showed that, there is a positive two-waycorrelation between different dimensions of job satisfaction.2. respondents' attitude toward job satisfaction was at the high level andthe highest satisfaction was related to the dimensions of sense of honor(84.7%) and employee training (74.8%) respectively. Also, the averagetotal score of satisfaction among all the studied cities was high and theobserved differences in the satisfaction score among cities aremeaningful.