Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
Volume:9 Issue: 3, Summer 2021

Life expectancy at birth is one of the most important indicators of the social, economic, cultural and health status of any society. The aim of this study was to calculate life expectancy by gender in rural areas of Kurdistan province. This study as descriptive epidemiological project was aim to explore the life expectancy in rural area of Kurdistan.Data was collected directly using mortality information (statistics available in the health center of Kurdistan province and the registered population in 2013. The findings showed that life expectancy is not the same in rural areas of Kurdistan province. Life expectancy at birth for men and women in rural areas of the province is estimated at 70.6 years. Life expectancy is 72 years for women and 69.3 years for men. The highest life expectancy of men is in Saqez city with 70.9 and the lowest in Dehgolan city with 67.6 years. The highest life expectancy is estimated in rural women with 74 years in Baneh city and the lowest in Divandere city with 69.4 years. Life expectancy results showed inequality in terms of gender and at the level of rural areas of Kurdistan province. Comparatively, the results showed that the national average life expectancy in rural areas of Iran is more than 2 years higher than rural areas of Kurdistan province. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the level of life expectancy in rural areas of Kurdistan province, fair distribution of facilities and services to villages, the second is to prioritize rural areas based on health services.

Scientists have been raising much debate regarding the environmental issue such as global warming ,ozone layer depletion and its several potential effects on the earth is a consequence of long term accumulation of the so- called greenhouse gases mainly (CH4, CO2) in the atmosphere. The rubber industry needs to improve its competitiveness not only to increase profits but to ensure sustainability. The information on greenhouse gas emissions during rubber produce is the important and also useful data for the life cycle assessment. The purpose of this study is to estimate greenhouse gas emission throughout the complete cycle of rubber production based on collective and analytical data on the resources, chemicals used, raw materials and energy consumption in Tanin Peyk factory in Iran, by using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), SimaPro 8.0.1 software and CML Baseline 2001 method were used to analyze the data. Results showed that bladder with virgin rubber had highest percentage in ozone layer depletion and global warming categories. In contrast, bladder with “recycled + virgin rubbers” had %27.9 and %29.5 impact respectively. So, this suggests that bladder with “recycled + virgin rubbers” is less eco-destructive than bladder with virgin rubber.

Fe2O3/CeO2/Ag composite nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple co-precipitation method. The as-synthesized samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The photocatalytic activity of the as-synthesized samples was examined through photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid under UV light irradiation. The effects of pH, irradiation time, initial 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid concentration and the catalyst dose on the photocatalytic performance of Fe2O3/CeO2/Ag composite nanoparticles were all investigated by an optimization process. The photocatalytic kinetic data were analyzed using Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, suggesting the second-order reaction kinetics as the best model for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic photodegradation. The photocatalytic activities revealed the highest photodegradation percentage for Fe2O3/CeO2/Ag composite nanoparticles with a degradation order as Fe2O3/CeO2/Ag (75.70%) > Fe2O3/CeO2 (36.28%) > CeO2 (26.92) > Fe2O3 (11.96). The adsorption equilibrium studies were examined by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, indicating Langmuir isotherm with higher R2 as the most suitable model.

Corrosion and scaling is one of the major and daily problems in the operation of water facilities and causes problems such as water loss, shortening the life of the facility, creating holes in the pipes, clogging, and pressure loss in the water supply network. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the corrosion and scaling potential of drinking water supply sources in Meshginshahr. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during the two seasons (summer and winter) in 2019. A total of 20 samples which were obtained by averaging 100 samples, were analyzed to determine the corrosion and scaling potential of water resources using Langelier and Ryznar indices in Meshginshahr. The results showed that the annual average of Langelier and Ryznar indices were -1.34 and 10.03, respectively, and the sources of drinking water supply in Meshginshahr were in corrosion and scaling state. Comparison of indicators and results obtained from this study showed that Meshginshahr water has corrosive properties, so it is necessary to constantly study the water supply sources of city and try for adjusting the pH and control other factors affecting corrosion, including concentrations of chloride, dissolved oxygen, and sulfate.

One of the most concerning pollutants in the urban areas across the globe is particulate matter suspended in the Earth’s atmosphere. The main objective of the current investigation is to explore the spatial and temporal patterns of ambient air particles (PM10 and PM2.5) and PM2.5/PM10 ratio in different urban areas of Khuzestan province. In this way, the required data were gathered from the environmental protection organization based on hourly mean concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 of 6 air pollution-monitoring sites for a period of 5-year. Results indicated that the average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and PM2.5/PM10 are about 134.14±39.23 µg/m3, 44.51±13.44 µg/m3 and 0.33±0.07, respectively. The examinations revealed a reductive trend on annual values of PMs based on temporal variations. A detailed investigation of the annual mean concentrations of PMs and PM2.5/PM10 based on spatial variations demonstrated the largest values for Naderi-Ahvaz and Abadan stations. Besides, the measured AQI was larger than 100 and the Exceedance Factor (EF) values of PM10 and PM2.5 ranged between 1.51-2.73 and 0.77-1.41. The statistical analysis obtained from linear regression revealed a significant positive relation between AQI and PM2.5 and PM10 with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.8259 and 0.7934, respectively. Although the analysis and measurement revealed a reductive trend in the annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10, the measured AQI and EF values are still far from the standards of good quality and low pollution. Therefore, it is highly necessary to follow the air pollution protocols to control PM air pollution in Khuzestan province.

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration levels of hippuric acid and 2, 3, 4- methyl hippuric acid isomers as biological indicators of exposure to toluene and xylene isomers in the urine of the gas stations workers of Ahvaz, Iran. The urine sample was taken the first time in January and the second time in June. The mean concentration of hippuric acid, 2, 3 and 4- methyl hippuric acid in the investigated urine of the workers were 0.245, 0.017, 0.012, and 0.101g/g creatinine, respectively. There was no relationship between variable of season and levels of hippuric acid, 2, 3 and 4- methyl hippuric acid in the urine of exposed and control groups. There was no significant difference in the analyzed results of urine samples between control and exposure groups. There was at least one methyl hippuric acid isomer, indicating that all subjects were exposed to xylene, which was lower than the threshold limit value. In conclusion, the variable of season cannot cause a significant change in the metabolites of toluene and xylene isomers. Exposure of workers to toluene and xylene at gas stations are within acceptable limits.

The physicochemical composition of groundwater are affected by the quantity and quality of surrounding aquifers which are in turn recharging from adjacent river waters. In the present study, 20 surface and 16 groundwater samples were collected in pre- and post-monsoon seasons from Jajrood river basin, Tehran, Iran. The samples were analyzed for totally 18 physicochemical water quality characteristics to assess the river and groundwater qualities. Hydrogeochemical analyses of groundwater samples were also performed to determine the water quality index (WQI) for drinking use and to evaluate factors governing the water quality characteristic in the study area. Accordingly, Piper diagram as well as Gibbs and Chadha’s plots were applied to assess seasonal variations in hydrochemical facies and to evolve the hydrochemical processes in the basin. Sub – surface soil samples were also examined with respect to the structure, elemental composition and multi- elemental trace analysis. Results showed the abundance of major ions in the order of Ca+2 > Na+ > Mg+2 > K+, and HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > NO3- > F-. In general, all drinking groundwater samples met WHO permissible limits except for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and HCO3-. Moreover, the water is categorized as Ca-Mg-HCO3 type. Sub surface soil analyses demonstrated quartz and calcium carbonate as the main phases of soil structure suggesting the enrichment of groundwater with temporary hardness. Overall, the groundwater quality was suitable for drinking uses and agricultural activities.

Structure of the urban open spaces and the effect it imposes on the body and mental health increases the importance of attention to the quality of such places. The thermal comfort is the environmental factors affecting the reactive behavior of people in urban open spaces. In the present study, aiming at investigating the relationship between psychic components and landscape structure and its effect on the thermal assessment of individuals, three methods are used; the descriptive method for explaining the psychic components and landscape structure as well as the survey method for determining the relation and correlation between research variables along with the experimental method for testing the variables using certain tools. Thermal analysis done by computer simulation method in ENVI-met software in the Karoon river area in Ahvaz city. The index used for assessing the thermal comfort is UTCI. In order to find the relationship between the research variables, the field data collections were accomplished by arranging questionnaires and in a random way by Cochran formula. The findings demonstrated the existence of a relationship between landscape structure and different psychic states in individuals. In fact, the moods of the individuals in open spaces affect their landscape qualification and thermal assessment. Eventually, and based on the findings of the study, it could be stated that the mental condition and psychic state of the individuals in different situations has definitely affected their qualification of the landscape structure, landscape quality as well as their reactive behavior while it would overshadow their thermal assessment.