نشریه مطالعات جامعه شناسی
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 15، تابستان 1391)

The main goal of this study is the investigation of social factors related to the technical students’ entrepreneurship spirit in Mahabad Islamic Azad University. The research method is descriptive and statistical sample are 336 students from different levels who were selected by random sampling. Research-made   questionnaire of the entrepreneurship spirit was used to gather the data, and the data analyzed in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS. Results show that there is a meaningful relationship between students’ entrepreneurship spirit and different components of social factors such as parents’ education level, university major, membership in social networks, the level of training, amount of study and marital status. Also, there isn’t a meaningful relationship between students’ entrepreneurship spirit and other components of social factors such as maternal education level, use of internet, gender, income, location, educational level, parents’ job.

This article is an attempt to investigate the relationship between the student’s use of mass media and their social identity and the ratio of their social capitals. Having reviewed the literature of theoretical and experimental concept of these two factors, the study has adapted the definition of "identity" as proposed by Anthony Giddens and the definition of "social capital" as proposed by stone and Hughes. The method of the study is survey in which 381 students have been selected randomly among students studying in different courses in states universities of Tabriz in the educational years of 2010 – 2011. The results reveal that the number of the students who have modern social identity and possessing low and medium social capital exceeds the number of students who have traditional social identity and medium and high social capital. The analysis of data shown in the crosstabs of "social identity" and" social capital" illustrates that, the more the students identically get closer to the modernity,  the more the ratio of their social capital decreases and also, traditional students have more social capital. Urbane students have more institutional social capital and rural students have more individual social capital.

This paper focuses on the discussions of human communication in families in Tehran, and it has been tried to focus on the communicative discourse of family. Any theory about family communication should include both subjective and internal issues. Through internal issues, family members communicate with each other. Generally, family follows two types of communication orientation: Adaptive and interactive and in this regard, four patterns of family communication rose: consensual, Pluralist, supportive families with freedom.  In this study, background theory is used. To analyze the data that are collected from families of the 22 districts of Tehran, quantitative analysis method (factor analysis) has been used. And For classification and approval of the propositions, background theory is used. For classification and approval of the propositions and theorem buildings, grounded theory is used.  The variables that affect communications in the family are the cause of such differences. Anyone who has more capital, allows greater mobility to family members to obtain more capital. Also, people who have more capital pursue the conversational communication in family environment. People who have less capital pursue the adaptive communication in family environment.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effective socio-economic factors on school principals’ job satisfaction in Shiraz. The method of the study is survey and theoretical basis of the study is based on the views of Maslow and Herzberg. The effects of gender, age, occupation, education level, employment status, marital status, number of persons in household, home, salary, work, decision-making and job status on principles’ job satisfaction have been examined. The data were collected from 91 participants by cluster sampling method using the researcher -made questionnaire in the form of Likert scale and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, t-test, bivariate regression and multiple regression. The results show that, variables of participation in decision-making, area of service location and job dignity explain about 56 % of job satisfaction in the workplace.

This paper is a comparative study of qualitative content analysis and hermeneutics in which it is tried to compare these two analytical methods and find similarities and differences in a specified comparative format. This study is a case criticism carried by documents and the results of it show that, despite the similarities of the two methods, there are significant differences between them both from ontological and methodological points of view. In qualitative content analysis, there is an attempt to adopt an analytical-constructive approach to using qualitative and phased methods by which overt and covert contents of a text to be discovered. But in hermeneutics, there is an attempt to adopt a holistic-combinatory approach and using propositional arguments by which the hidden content of a text to be discovered.

In this research the obligation of enjoining righteousness and forbidding evil in academic centers, and the effective social factors on university students’ tendency toward righteousness were identified. For surveying the relationship between identified variables and students' tendency toward righteousness, 420 students of province were selected as the statistical sample. They were selected randomly from the state, Azad and Payamnoor universities of Tabriz, Maraghe and Heris who were studying in different majors. The required information was gathered by a researcher –made questionnaire. After interviewing and gathering the data, the SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The results of analysis show that, the students' tendency rate toward righteousness is slightly more than the average. Also, the tendency rate of Payamnoor students was more than students of Azad and state universities, and also, the tendency rate of students of human sciences was more than the students of technical-engineering and basic sciences. Moreover, the analysis show that, there is a relationship between the religious tendencies of students, their family, the performance of public organizations, the performance of executives, professors and university staff, friend or civil groups, lawful necessities, kind of university and educational field, dimensions of social-economic base of students' family, and tendency toward enjoining righteousness and forbidding evil.

Ethnicity and nationalism have always been important components of social and political studies which originate from racial differences. Inequality and ethnic diversity is not a threat in itself and if it is considered as a normal thing in a society and also is a corn stone of it, can provide opportunities for social prosperity. National security and political participation and its relationship to ethnic communities are very important. The more the sense of 'self' in ethnic communities the more their political participation and national security will be and vice versa. The process of globalization and the spread of communication transform and complicate the situation and it also has great influence on ethnic feelings and national security of societies.
This paper seeks to answer the key question of “what is the role of ethnic inequalities in national security?”. The hypothesis is that, the ethnic inequalities reduce the national security and political participation. Also, social participation of ethnic groups will increase their political understanding, accountability and strengthen their commitment to the government.

Islam, as the last religion has responded to all human needs. One of men’s fundamental questions has concerned equality and inequality of human beings based on their race, color, religion, and etc. and one of the complexities of human societies is class distinction among different social strata. However, the question is “What differences are there between the criteria of Islam and other religions?” In some religions such as Hinduism and Zoroastrianism, the social stratification is such that an individual’s mobility from one class to another is practically impossible, or in Judaism, due to their belief in racial superiority, extra-class inequality is quite common. What should be considered is that, the social classes in Islam are not based on wealth and biological traits, and they are based on human differences regarding their talents and capabilities. That is to say, the social classes exist in order to meet the society’s numerous needs, so that it can move toward perfection and prosperity. In Islam, factors such as chastity, knowledge, and etc. cause one group to be superior to another and lead to individual’s superiority in God’s presence as well as in after life. In addition, these factors resulted in assigning greater responsibilities while they don’t involve any social, economic and class privileges or advantages. In this article, by surveying the viewpoints of some religions and of Islam, it is tried to answer the important question, “Does the social stratification in Islam result in inequality in all fields and spoiling human beings rights?” To do this, descriptive method and library survey were used.