نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال بیست و سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 103، امرداد و شهریور 1400)

 Psychological factors play an important role in the etiology of AIDS. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness based on stress reduction and spiritual therapy on the number of CD4 cells in AIDS patients.

The statistical population of this clinical study included AIDS patients in Shahriar health centers in 2018. Using the convenient method, 45 people were selected and replaced in 3 groups of 15 cases (two experimental groups and one control group). Then, stress-based mindfulness therapy group and spirituality-therapy group were performed in 8 ninety minute-sessions and the control group did not receive any training. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 23.

Mindfulness based on stress reduction and spiritual therapy had a significant effect on increasing CD4 in AIDS patients. However, the effect of mindfulness based on stress reduction on CD4 cell proliferation was greater than spiritual therapy.

It seems that stress-based mindfulness and therapeutic spirituality have been effective in increasing CD4 cell count and can be used in patients with AIDS along with medical treatment.

Mentalization is a type of social cognition that determines the ability to understand and interpret the behavior of oneself and others. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of Persian version of mentalization scale in students of medical sciences.

In this study, among students studying at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2019, 176 cases were selected randomly and fulfilled the mentalization scale. The correlation of the scores with the total score and the correlation of the subscales were used after examining the content validity of the mentalization scale. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the factor structure. Convergent validity was to examine the relationship between mentalization and empathy. Cronbach's alpha, halving coefficient and retest method were used to determine the internal consistency.

The results showed that the content validity and the convergence validity between empathy and mentalization were significant. The correlation between the items and the total score was between 0.12 and 0.49, and it was significant (P< 0.001). The results of exploratory factor analysis explained the scale as 3 factors and the total variance of the questions as 34.38. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, retest reliability coefficient and halving reliability coefficient were 0.63, 0.36 and 0.66, respectively.

Based on the results, it seems that the mentalization scale is a tool with appropriate validity and reliability for measuring mentalization.

 This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of planned behavior training on tendency to addiction, self-restraint, and risk-taking of university students.

The statistical population of this study concluded all undergraduate student teachers in Mashhad city in the academic year 2019-2020. Among them, 24 cases were selected by simple random sampling and were assigned in two groups of planned behavior training (12 cases) and control group (12 cases). The data collected using the Readiness Scale for Drug Abuse (Zargar, 2007), Mohammadi et al. Risk-Taking Questionnaire (2007), and Weinberger and Schwartz Self-Restraint Questionnaire (1990). Data analyzed using SPSS 22 software, repeated measures analysis of variance, and Bon-Ferroni post hoc test.

The results showed that planned behavior training (P< 0.01) had significant effects on tendency to addiction, self-restraint and risk-taking of students. These effects were permanent in two-month follow-up.

 Based on the findings, it seems that planned behavior training is effective in preventing addiction in youth population.

This study aimed to assess the predictive factors of marital satisfaction among married people in Kermanshah and Hamadan cities, Iran.

The present mixed study (sequential exploratory plan) was carried out in two stages. In the first stage (qualitative), using purposive sampling method, 67 married men and women who had successful marriage interviewed. The content analysis method was used to analyze the interview data, and 20 factors were identified. Then, in the second stage (quantitative), a 116-items researcher-made questionnaire prepared to measure the possible effect of these 20 factors. Then, 372 married people were selected using multi-stage sampling method from Hamadan (200 case) and Kermanshah (172 case). The participants fulfilled the Enrich's Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire and Researcher-Made Questionnaire of Marital Satisfaction Factors. Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance and step-wise regression.

The variables of expressing of feelings, trust, realism/acceptance, and respect were the most important predictors of marital satisfaction among married people of Hamadan city these variables explained 60% of the variance of marital satisfaction. While, the most important predictors in couples of Kermanshah were expressing of feelings, trust, and respect. They explained 31% of variance. Moreover, expressing of feelings, trust, respect, consultation, appreciation and expressing satisfaction with life respectively were the most important predictors of marital satisfaction among all couples and explained 51% of the variance of marital satisfaction.

Based on the findings, expressing of feelings, trust, respect, consultation, appreciation and expressing satisfaction with life can predict marital satisfaction.

Regarding the impact of vaginismus on sexual satisfaction and using effective treatments, the present study compared the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training and cognitive-behavioral therapy training on sexual satisfaction of women with vaginismus disorder.

In the present study, forty-five women with vaginismus, who referred to Mashhad Rahiab Sexual Counseling Clinic in October-November of 2018, were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: control, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Then all participants fulfilled the Sex Satisfaction Questionnaire (SSQ) before and after the intervention. The experimental groups underwent intervention for 8 two-hour sessions per week. During this period, the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analyzed through descriptive indices, multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance.

Results of comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on marital satisfaction in all dimensions showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has a greater impact on sexual satisfaction dimensions. Also, the results showed that both methods of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy have an effect on sexual satisfaction.

Based on the results, it seems that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has a greater effect on sexual satisfaction compared cognitive-behavioral therapy and it is recommended to be used in psychological clinics.

This study was conducted to predict moral behavior based on moral intelligence and personality traits with the mediating role of the structure self-transcendence.

The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study included all students of Bu-Ali Sina University in the academic year of 2020-2021. The total sample size included 285  in this study and filled out Moral Behavior Scale, Moral intelligence Scale  and The HEXACO Personality Traits Scale. To analyze the data, path analysis with LISREL software were used.

The results indicated that the proposed model fitted the experimental data (GFI=0.94, IFI= 0.93, CFI= 0.95). Results of regression coefficient analysis in structural equation modeling indicated that the effects of moral intelligence (β= 0.41, P< 0.01), honesty-humility (β= 0.27, P< 0.01), conscientiousness (β= 0.30, P< 0.01), and Openness to experience (β= 0.24, P< 0.01) on self-transcendence, and the effects of moral intelligence (β= 0.49, P< 0.01), honesty-humility (β= 0.25, P< 0.01), conscientiousness(β= 0.23, P< 0.01), and openness to experience (β= 0.21, P< 0.01), and self-transcendence (β= 0.43, P< 0.01) on moral behavior were positive and significant. The results of Sobel’s test (z) indicated that Self-transcendence variable have a significant mediating role in the relationship between Moral intelligence (Z= 7.30, P< 0.01), honesty-humility (Z= 5.29, P< 0.01), conscientiousness (Z= 4.61, P< 0.01), openness to experience (Z= 4.16, P< 0.01) with moral behavior.

It seems that self-transcendence have a mediating role in the relationship between moral intelligence and personality traits with moral behavior. In general, the results of the present study provide new implications in field of moral behavior in different situations.

This study aimed to  compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) and Compassion Enriched Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on social adjustment of married women with depression and marital conflict.

The statistical population included married women suffering from depression and marital conflicts who referred to counseling centers in Mashhad from 2020-10-01 to 2021-03-10. The participant (n=60) were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into three experimental and control groups. The intervention was performed in eight 90-minute training sessions for the experimental groups and the control group did not receive any intervention. All four groups answered the Adult Bell Form (Social Adjustment) questionnaire before the intervention, at the end of the intervention and 30 days after the intervention. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance and analysis of variance for repeated measures.

There was a significant difference between the mean of pretest, posttest and follow-up of social adjustment in the group of treatment based on acceptance and commitment, treatment focused on compassion, acceptance and commitment enriched with compassion and control (P= 0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between social adjustment in the post-test stage of the mentioned groups and the group of acceptance and commitment enriched with compassion showed more difference.

Therapies based on acceptance and commitment and focused on compassion and therapy based on acceptance and commitment enriched with compassion, are effective on social adjustment and the effect of therapy based on acceptance and commitment enriched with compassion is greater on social adjustment.

Suicide is a global health concern with a growing prevalence in most countries including Iran. The increasing rate of suicide despite the suicide prevention programs indicates the need for evaluation of the effective factors on suicide attempts. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between different risk factors including age, gender, addiction, mood of residence, marital status, history of psychiatric illnesses, history of suicide attempts in the patient and the family, time and season of suicide attempt, and methods of suicide in Yazd province in Iran.

The present cross-sectional study conducted in educational Hospitals of Yazd and Legal Medical Organization of Yazd city between June 2018- June 2019. Every individual with complete suicide attempts enrolled. The medical records of these individuals were documented and the relationship between the method of suicide and demographic factors were evaluated.

Sixty individuals with the mean age of 37.43 years enrolled in the present study and most of them were female (68.3%). Major part of the individuals had a history of suicide attempts (54.5%) and most of the suicides occurred during nights (42.4%). Moreover, most of the complete attempts occurred in summer (46.7%), and hanging (55%) was the most common type of suicide attempt. Only the gender was significantly correlated with the method of suicide (P=0.001).

The present study demonstrated that most of the suicides committed by females and self-hanging were the most common method of suicide. The gender was the only factor related to the method of suicide.