Journal of Education and Health Promotion
Volume:8 Issue: 3, Mar 2018

Twitter® use among paramedics and other prehospital care clinicians is on the rise and is increasingly being used as a platform for continuing education and international collaboration. In 2014, the hashtag #FOAMems was registered. It is used for the sharing of emergency medical services, paramedicine, and prehospital care‑related content. It is a component of the ‘free open‑access meducation’ (FOAM) movement. The aim of this study was to characterize and evaluate the content of #FOAMems tweets since registration.

An analytical report for #FOAMems was generated on symplur.com from February 4, 2014, to April 30, 2017. A transcript of all #FOAMems tweets for a randomly selected 1 month period (October 2015) was generated, and quantitative content analysis was performed by two reviewers. Tweets were categorized according to source (original tweet/retweet) and whether referenced. The top 92 tweeters were analyzed for professional identity.

During the study period, there were over 99,000 tweets containing #FOAMems, by over 9,200 participants. These resulted in almost 144 million impressions. Of the top 92 tweeters, 50 were paramedics (54%). Tweets were mainly related to cardiac (23%), leadership (19%), and trauma (14%). The 1‑month period resulted in 649 original tweets, with 2110 retweets; 1070 of these were referenced.

Paramedics are engaging with both clinical and nonclinical content on Twitter® using #FOAMems. Social media resources are widely shared, which is in line with the FOAM movement’s philosophy. However, opportunities exist for paramedics to share further diverse resources supported by referenced material.

Child abuse and violence toward children has become a complex phenomenon in nowadays societies leaving hurt children with numerous complications such as lowered self‑efficacy. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the effect of trauma‑focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF‑CBT) in physically abused children self‑efficacy.

This study was a randomized clinical trial. From this statistical population of all abused children aged 9–12 in Kermanshah in 2016–2017, 40 were divided into intervention and control groups randomly. Tools used in this study were Maurice self‑efficacy questionnaire and child abuse questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Chi‑square test, paired t‑test, and independent t‑test.

It was revealed that the mean difference between two groups was not meaningful before intervention. After TF‑CBT in intervention group, self‑efficacy mean scores of social (17.95 vs. 24.20) and emotional (15.05 vs. 19.05) domains showed meaningful differences, whereas academic self‑efficacy mean score did not change significantly (14.10 vs. 14.65) (P < 0.086). In control group, social (16.20 vs. 15.55), emotional (13.90 vs. 14.35), and academic (13.40 vs. 13.90) mean self‑efficacy scores were not of significant difference (P > 0.001).

TF‑CBT can be used as an appropriate therapy intervention to improve social and emotional self‑efficacy in abused children.

Primary dysmenorrhea, painful menstruation without pelvic pathologic complications, is one of the most common problems in women’s gynecology and is one of the main causes for women referring to the clinic. Overweight and obesity may play a role in the etiology of primary dysmenorrhea. As a result, this study was conducted to determine the association between primary dysmenorrhea and anthropometric indices in female high school Students.

This descriptive, cross‑sectional study was conducted on 200 high school female students with primary dysmenorrhea in 2017 in Sabzevar. Anthropometric indicators were considered by the students if they had entry criteria. Data analysis was done using SPSS software.

The results of data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the presence of dysmenorrhea and anthropometric indices at height P = 0.05, waist circumference P = 0.03, waist circumference with height P = 0.01, height to waist circumference P = 0.01, thigh circumference to height P = 0.04, height to thigh circumference P = 0.04, waist circumference to hip circumference P = 0.04, hip circumference to hip circumference P = 0.05, and No significant relationship was found between the other indicators.

Adherence to a balanced diet and proper lifestyle can prevent dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls.

Teaching and learning process is increasingly metamorphosing from the traditional chalk and talk to the modern dynamism in the information and communication technology. Medical education is no exception to this dynamism more especially in the teaching of gross anatomy, which serves as one of the bases of understanding the human structure.

This study was conducted to determine the gender preference of preclinical medical students on the use of traditional (chalk and talk) and PowerPoint presentation in the teaching of gross anatomy.

This was cross‑sectional and prospective study, which was conducted among preclinical medical students in the University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. Using simple random techniques, a questionnaire was circulated among 280 medical students, where 247 students filled the questionnaire appropriately. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 20 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) to find the method preferred by the students among other things.

Majority of the preclinical medical students in the University of Maiduguri preferred PowerPoint method in the teaching of gross anatomy over the conventional methods. The Cronbach alpha value of 0.76 was obtained which is an acceptable level of internal consistency. A statistically significant association was found between gender and preferred method of lecture delivery on the clarity of lecture content where females prefer the conventional method of lecture delivery whereas males prefer the PowerPoint method, On the reproducibility of text and diagram, females prefer PowerPoint method of teaching gross anatomy while males prefer the conventional method of teaching gross anatomy.

There are gender preferences with regard to clarity of lecture contents and reproducibility of text and diagram. It was also revealed from this study that majority of the preclinical medical students in the University of Maiduguri prefer PowerPoint presentation over the traditional chalk and talk method in most of the questions ask.

Hot flashes are considered to be a common experience for menopausal women and they can compromise the quality of life. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of Cimicifuga racemosa in comparison with evening primrose oil (EPO) in postmenopausal women with menopause‑related symptoms.

This study was performed on 80 postmenopausal women with hot flashes. The participants were randomly divided into two groups by blocked randomization. The participants of one group received black cohosh and the other group received EPO for 8 weeks. The severity and number of hot flashes and quality of life were measured by four‑point scale, and the Menopause‑Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire at pre‑intervention, 1st, 4th, and 8th weeks after treatment. Data were analyzed in SPSS Version 16 using independent t‑test, Chi‑square, and Fisher’s exact test.

Average severity of hot flashes in both groups and number of hot flashes in black cohosh group in 8th week were significantly lower than 1st week (P < 0.001), but number of hot flashes in primrose oil group in 8th week showed no significant differences (P = 0.32). The number of hot flashes and quality of life score in black cohosh arm compared to EPO showed a significant decrease in the 8th week (P < 0.05). All MENQOL scores were significantly improved in two groups (P < 0.05), but the percentage of improvement in black cohosh arm was significantly superior to EPO group.

Both herbs were effective in reduction of severity of hot flashes and improvement of the quality of life, but it seems that black cohosh is more effective than primrose oil because it was able to reduce the number of hot flashes too.

Undiagnosed and uncorrected refractive errors in childhood can negatively affect the development of vision and cause students to have low academic success and even quit school before graduation. This study aims to determine the effects of an eye health promotion program on the health protective behaviors of primary school students.

This experimental study using a pretest‑posttest design with a control group was conducted in three public primary schools in Aydın, a city in the Western Anatolia Region of Turkey, between April and November 2014. The eye health promotion program was provided by the researchers to the experimental Group 2 days in 4 weeks. The data were analyzed using the t‑test, Chi‑square analysis, the Mann–Whitney U‑test, the Wilcoxon signed‑rank test, and the McNemar test.

The average age of the students was identified as 9.0 ± 3.64 years. The students wearing glasses all in the experimental group and 53.3% in the control group were found to always wear their glasses after the education program was completed (P < 0.05). These students, 97.9% in the experimental group and 58.1% in the control group underwent eye examinations from an ophthalmologist (P < 0.05). The eye health protective behaviors of the experimental group were found to have positively changed in the final follow‑up, compared to the control group (P < 0.05).

The eye health promotion program was found to be effective in improving eye health protective behaviors within the experimental group.

In recent decades, the focuses of health studies were mostly in middle‑aged women, and few studies have investigated the lifestyle of women after delivery. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of both self‑efficacy and perceived barriers on Iranian women health‑promoting lifestyle (HPL) in the first 1 year after childbirth.

Using a cross‑sectional design, 310 women at first‑year postpartum were surveyed in Zanjan (Iran) in 2016. The proportionate stratified random sampling method was carried out to select a participant. HPL has assessed with HPL profile II questionnaire. Self‑efficacy was assessed using self‑rated abilities for health practices scale. Perceived barriers were assessed by Barriers to Health‑promoting Activities for Disabled Person scale. A meditational model was used to examine whether perceived barriers mediates between perceived self‑efficacy and HPL.

The participants mean age was 29.82 (5.1) years, 53.9% were primiparous, and most of them were homemakers (82.9%). The mean total score of HPL was 2.50 (0.29). The relationship between HPL and self‑efficacy was mediated by perceived barriers partially.

Self‑efficacy, not only promotes women’s HPL but also indirectly affect the women’s lifestyle by reducing perceived barriers.

Given new reforms in Iran’s health‑care system and due to the need for gathering evidence regarding the implementation of this plan, this study aimed to investigate opportunities and challenges created by resident specialist attendance plan guidelines in university hospitals.

This study used the qualitative method. Semi‑structured interviews were used for data gathering. The study population included all experts of Isfahan University of Medical Science. Sampling was carried out using purposeful sampling method and continued until data saturation was reached. In total, 16 experts were interviewed. Criteria such as “reliability of information,” “trustworthiness,” and “verifiability of the information” were considered. Interviewees were assured that their names would keep hidden and that all information is confidential. Subject analysis method was used for data analysis.

The findings of this study based on subject analysis led to extracting three themes in regards of challenges in the implementation of resident (specialist or fellowship) plan in hospitals including structural, management, and resource challenges and one theme in the area of opportunities which were improved quality and timely provision of services.

The findings showed that despite the strengths of this guideline, there are some fundamental challenges in various areas and need better attention by national level policymakers. These results help health‑care policymakers to evaluate the problem with a better attitude and improve the necessary plans for implementation of these guidelines.

Dynamic and static activities in dentistry cause musculoskeletal disorders, but dental students do not have sufficient awareness about the effects of ergonomic factors on their health. The aim of this study was to investigate ergonomic factors that cause pain muscle in dental students in Kerman Medical University, Iran.

This cross‑sectional analysis study was carried out on dental students of the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th year, in clinical practice in the School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. A convenient sample of 199 students who met the inclusion criteria was selected and those willing to participate signed an informed consent form. Data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire for ergonomic factors and the presence of pain. The variables evaluated were pain, affected zones, gender, postures, and work environment.

The present research work reveals that over 69% of the dental students complained of pain in at least one part of their body. Most individuals suffered from hand and elbow (23%) and head (19%) pain. The clinical areas where more pain was found were endodontics and pedodontics. Furthermore, it was found that a high percentage of students usually worked with their legs slightly separated, with the sole of the feet resting on the stool when working. The presence of muscular pain was higher in males in this study. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant relationship with the final Rapid Entire Body Assessment score in different body parts and the participants’ demographic data (sex, age, weight, height, sports, and smoking).

The results of this study showed that the students’ sitting positions and working environments need to be improved and it seems more training is necessary in this field.

If anxiety and depression do not detect in pregnant women, they may cause complications for the mother, child, and family, including postpartum depression. With regard to the administrative capability of relaxation in health centers, this study was conducted to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery on stress, anxiety, and depression in pregnant women.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted on pregnant women in the city of Kashan at 28–36 weeks. At the onset of the study, demographic questionnaire, Edinburgh Depression Scale, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale‑21 (DASS‑21) were completed. Providing obtaining score of mild‑to‑moderate in the stress, anxiety, and depression scale and score of 10 or higher in Edinburgh Depression Scale, individuals were divided randomized to the intervention group (n = 33) and control group (n = 33). DASS‑21 was again completed in the 4th–7th weeks of beginning of the study by all women.

Analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated significant differences in mean of scores of stress, anxiety, and depression at three different times in relaxation group (P < 0.05) whereas found no significant differences in the mean of scores of stress, anxiety, and depression in the control group.

In this study, relaxation could reduce stress, anxiety, and depression in pregnant women during six sessions. Due to the simplicity and low cost of this technique, it can be used to reduce stress and anxiety in pregnant women and improve pregnancy outcomes.

Early skin‑to‑skin maternal–neonate contact during the 1st h following birth prepares both mother and baby to establish a two‑way, interactive pattern of interaction. There are few studies on the use of kangaroo care method in term infants and maternal postpartum behavior.

The present study aimed to compare abdominal and kangaroo skin contact on maternal attachment behaviors. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This single‑blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 68 eligible pregnant women in Torbat Heydariyeh in 2015.

Individuals were randomly divided into experimental groups (kangaroo skin contact) and control group (abdominal skin contact). Maternal attachment behaviors were observed for 15 min during 1 h postpartum. Each minute was divided into two 30 s, during the first and second 30 s of which the maternal behavior was observed and recorded using a checklist of behavior. Attachment behaviors were assessed using an attachment behavior checklist (including three types of emotional, proximity‑seeking, and caring behaviors). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: After data coding, the analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis test, Chi‑square test, t‑test, and Mann–Whitney test in SPSS ver. 14. P < 0.05 was considered the significant level.

Among emotional, proximity‑seeking, and caring behaviors 1 h and 2 months’ postpartum in the two groups, only proximity‑seeking behaviors were significantly different 2 months’ postpartum (P = 0.033). The attachment behavior of 1 h (0.134) and 2 months’ postpartum (0.051) did not differ significantly between the two groups.

Kangaroo skin contact has an effect, similar to the abdominal skin contact, on the maternal attachment behaviors and has a positive effect on proximity‑seeking behaviors and some components of emotional behaviors compared to abdominal skin contact.

College students are vulnerable to a critical period in developmental maturation, facing rigorous academic work, and learning how to function independently. Physical activities such as running and bicycling have been shown to improve mood and relieve stress. However, college students often have low levels of physical activity. Yoga is an ancient physical and mental activity that affects mood and stress. However, studies examining the psychophysiological effects of yoga are rare in peer‑reviewed journals. The aim of this study is to establish preliminary evidence for the psychophysiological effects of yoga on stress in young‑adult college students. The present study suggests that yoga has positive effects on a psychophysiological level that leads to decreased levels of stress in college student. Further research is needed to examine the extent to which different types of yogic practices address the needs of different college subpopulations (e.g., overweight, sedentary, and smokers).