فصلنامه زن و جامعه
سال دوازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 47، پاییز 1400)

The leading article aims to examine the demographic, social, and economic situation of female-headed households in Iran with a descriptive-analytical approach and using raw data of two percent of the 2016 census. The results showed that the proportion of these women in the country has increased by 4.3 percent in the last two decades. Sistan and Baluchestan and Kurdistan provinces have the highest and lowest percentages of female-headed households, respectively. This increase has also been for single-parent households. The highest percentage of this household was in South Khorasan province and the lowest in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. More than 27 percent of female-headed households have no literate family members. 86% of women were unemployed and 14% were employed, which is a large gap between the two families. Analyzes showed that the gender of the head of the household was significantly related to age, marital status, literacy status, level of education, and activity status of the head of the household. In terms of age structure, female-headed households are older than their male counterparts, and in terms of marital status, most men have a spouse and most female-headed households are unmarried. Also, illiteracy, education, and employment rates are higher among female-headed households than their male counterparts. The implicit concept is that female-headed households are not in a better position than male-headed households in terms of the indicators examined.

The purpose of this study is to identify the requirements and conditions for realizing the development of women's empowerment based on Iranian women's competencies. The method of the present study is a qualitative case study. Potential participants in this study included experts and faculty in various fields of education (sociology), sociology, law and psychology as well as sample women in Fars province (sample managers and mothers), using purposive sampling and The theoretical saturation criterion was selected from 15 experts and 10 sample mothers and 5 sample women with managerial tenure. The method of data collection was in-depth interview and study of documents related to the research subject. The content analysis method was used to study the requirements and conditions for the realization of women's empowerment development based on Iranian women's merit. As a result, the requirements and conditions for the realization of women's empowerment development were formulated into five components of organizing educational-political, socio-economic, cultural, and family environment. Accreditation and reliability techniques were used to validate the qualitative results.

The purpose of this study is to guide women: an approach to breaking the glass roof. Women are one of the valuable assets of any country, especially in developing countries. In fact, the serious participation of women is the key to the growth and development of these countries. The gender gap has gradually narrowed over the past few decades, but there are still significant inequalities, especially in women's leadership. Our understanding of women leaders, especially how they become leaders, is limited by the lack of critical activity on women's leadership, the constant inequality of women in the workplace, and personal motivation to contribute to women's advancement and the lack of empirical research. Since critical research is intended to better understand how leadership is conducted, how to understand leadership learning, and how to develop women leaders, we aim to move the discussion of women's leadership from a stereotypical perspective to a more subtle and precise view of how women lead; Give. The findings show that the cultural conditions prevailing in society continue to show signs at the community level that hinder the real evaluation of women's activities in society. The results of several studies show that despite all the efforts made around the world to achieve equal conditions and eliminate social inequalities between men and women, women's problems continue in issues such as inequality, violence and so on.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching Capabilities in positive psychology on life expectancy among daughter Secondary school students in Najafabad city. Design of present study was pre-test, post-test with control group. After of assessing the scores, 40 people with down scores life expectancy were randomly assigned to both experimental and control groups. For examinations Group for 8 weeks (session) and per week for 2 hours, the Capabilities in positive psychology were held in a group. After completing the training sessions, both groups responded to the questionnaires and the findings were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that effective of teaching Capabilities in positive psychology on the significant increase of life expectancy at secondary school students. The results showed that of teaching capabilities in positive psychology increased in the level of strategic thinking of the dimensions of life expectancy. According to impact of positive psychology traning on increasing life expectancy, it is suggested that these concepts be further considered in the research and desine of educational programs.

Divorce and related issues have always been one of the main and challenging issues of legal systems in different societies. The purpose of this article is to analyze the jurisprudence and legal representation of women in divorce and compare it with the French legal system. This research is an applied research and the method used is descriptive-analytical method. According to the findings of this study, the approach of Iranian and French law regarding divorce, despite the similarity in many cases, is different due to differences in principles in this field. In Iranian law, following the principles of Imami jurisprudence, the right to divorce is exclusively available to men, but over time and with the change in the structure of societies, to control and adjust this right in Iranian law, the wife's power of attorney in divorce with conditions based on jurisprudential sources accepted. In French law, on the other hand, the issue of power of attorney in the execution of a divorce is accepted with the control of a marital judge. Divorce has no meaning and is a useless condition. Comparing the intellectual foundations, the course of social developments, as well as examining the different perspectives of these two schools of law can be effective in identifying the bottlenecks, challenges and ways out and ultimately preventing the impact of destructive factors on the family foundation.

Female-headed households make up a significant portion of society, and numerous studies show that women in this group have lower levels of mental health than other women. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of well-being group therapy on psychological well-being, cognitive emotion regulation, worry, and resilience of female-headed households. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all female-headed households in Shirvan with the age range of 20 to 49 years. The sample consisted of 30 individuals who were selected by purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The intervention was group-based, with only 8 weekly well-being therapy and treatment sessions for the experimental group. The research instruments comprised: Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire, The Pennsylvania Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), cognitive emotion regulation of Garnesky, and Ryff psychological well-being scale. Then, with using SPSS software, an analysis of covariance was performed. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that therapeutic well-being has increased resilience, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, psychological well-being, and reducing the concern of the experiment Group. However, there is no significant reduction in cognitive emotion regulation strategies

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Intelligent leadership on organizational citizenship behavior of teachers and female staffs of Dare Shahr and Abdanan Girls' Schools . The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study includes all female teachers and staff of girls' schools in Darshahr and Abdanan, which are 942 at the time of the study. In this study, Cochran's formula was used to measure the sample size and the sample size was 273. The main data collection tool is a questionnaire that includes the Sidanmanlaka Questionnaire (2002) for measuring intelligent leadership and the Podsakoff et al. (1990) questionnaire for measuring organizational citizenship behavior. Structural model analysis and hypothesis testing were performed by modeling structural equations using partial least squares method using smart pls3 software. The results of the research hypothesis test show that intelligent leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. The results of the research hypotheses also showed that the dimensions of intelligent leadership, including the intellectual dimension, emotional dimension and spiritual dimension, have a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior.

Jung, considers the subconscious mind of man to be the female and male cross-poles of Anima and Animus. Anima's archetype is half feminine in the male psyche and Animus is half masculine in the female psyche. These archetypes are influenced by the relationships and behaviors of the family, especially the parents, in the presence of each individual, and can change his personality under the circumstances of his community and life. The oneness and homogeneity of these archetypes will cause human development, and the domination of each of these cross-poles in the individual will make a series of traits and characters that can be studied from a psychological perspective. These images are unconsciously depicted in the works of artists. GhaemMaghami,as a contemporary lady poet, has also unconsciously expressed these archetypes in his poems in various ways (positively and negatively). the frequency of positive aspect of animus is higher than that of negative side In her poems,74.74% of findings presents positive aspects of animus and25.26% of findings indicates negative aspects of animus. The initial formation of these archetypes is positive when she is single, but after marriage and quitting her child because of the divorce , the negative presentations begin to realize.

The aim of this study was to a pattern for identifying clothing brands for women. The research method in terms of exploratory-analytical nature, from the perspective of data collection methodology, qualitative using qualitative content analysis technique of contract type and in-depth interviews between 8 participants in 4 professions related to the garment industry, has been done in the form of purposeful sampling. Atlas.ti7 software was used for data analysis. After conducting the interviews, 248 initial codes were identified and content themes were identified using the process of reviewing categories and subcategories, as well as frequent changes in the names of categories and the relationship of categories to subcategories. In this study, 7 categories with 15 related sub-categories, including reliance on internal strength and introduction of indigenous culture; Changing clothing export and import policies, government support, changing economic attitudes, paying attention to advertising and design, customer orientation and competitiveness, as well as marketing and technology development as content themes in designing a suitable model for identifying women's clothing brands. شد. The results showed that more attention was paid to the capabilities of the country and appreciation of the original Iranian indigenous traditions along with changes in economic and government supportive attitudes such as export and import of goods along with more attention to attractive and effective advertising and design; It can increase the number of domestic customers, insure some foreign markets of women's clothing to a large extent, and be useful and practical in identifying clothing brands for women.

Abstract. Body is something beyond Substantiality and it always affects the individual and social relations. Cultural capital could influence body management as part of their lifestyle. Although the body is important for everyone, the quality and quantity of body management in terms of gender are not the same. The aim of this study is to examine gender comparison of cultural capital impact on the management body. The method was survey and data collected through questionnaire. The participants sample consisted of 398 citizens of Shiraz who 18-65 years old were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Theoretical framework is based on Bourdieu's theories to explain the impact of cultural capital on body management and feminist theory was developed to explain gender differences. The results illustrate that excess of body management dealing with women and explain the importance of gender in the body management. As well as the objectified and embodied cultural capital and objectified cultural capital have positive effects on body management of women and men, respectively. While institutionalized cultural capital does not impact on the body management of any of these groups.

The purpose of compiling this article is to investigate the factors related to violence against women prisoners in Kerman prison, which due to the broad concept of violence, has been considered in its specific case, ie beatings and premeditated murder.The method of this research is a survey method and interview and questionnaire techniques were used to collect information and the total number of people surveyed was 104 (total prisoners with a history of beatings and premeditated murder in 1999). The theoretical framework of the research is based on Freud's theory is the failure-aggression theory of Dollard, Dobb, Miller, and Sears, Bandura's theory of social learning, Hirsch's theory of social control, and Buthams' theory.

It indicates that the most direct and causal effect of the prison control system variable on prison violence among women. This coefficient is negative and equal to -0.269. After that, deprivation and failure with an effect of about 0.263, social control with an effect of about 0.234 affect prison violence.

Violent crimes such as murder are more common in men than women (according to the research literature). Most women with a history of violence suffer from drug and alcohol use, they find aggression and violence necessary to solve their problems. The prison has largely been able to prevent violence in prisons, and the system of social control outside the prison has greatly influenced the violence of prisoners in prisons.

Overweight are affected by biological and genetic factors. One of the variables associated with being overweight is eating disorder. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal model of eating disorder based on self-objectification, experiential avoidance and perfectionism with the mediating role of body image concern in the community of overweight women.

The peresent study was descriptive correlation. The statistical population included overweight women with body mass index (BMI≥28) of Kangavar city in 2019, they had referred to sports clubs and health centers. 450 people were selected by available sampling method. Standard Eating Disorders Diagnostic Scale (EDDS); Self-reported (SO); Acceptance and Action (AAQ-II); Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism (TMPS). Structural Equation Modeling and Spss and Amos software were used to analyze the data.

Indicated that perfectionism, experiential avoidance, and self-objectification are exogenous variables that affect on the endogenous variable of eating disorder, both directly and indirectly. And the effect of other exogenous variables on the endogenous variable of eating disorder is only direct. Also, the mediating variable in the relationship between predictor and criterion variables has a significant partial effect.

Self-objectification, experiential avoidance and perfectionism can be a good predictor of eating disorder in women through concern about their body image.

Research shows that intimacy between married couples is one of the most important factors in creating lasting marriages The research method was qualitative with in-depth interview technique. The study sample was the women on the verge of divorce who referred to Bahar Neko Counseling Center affiliated to the agency in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was done purposefully and the sample size is estimated by saturation of 30 peopleFindings obtained from this study showed that lack of verbal communication with the spouse, lack of spending time and in other words intimacy Consequently, this disorder also affects sexual relations and makes the partner disinterested and in some cases disgusted with having a good quality relationship. Another finding of this study, which seems to be neglected from the point of view of men, is that in order to have good sexual intercourse, a woman's mental and emotional background must be ready and having caresses, loving words is a necessary part of establishing a relationship with quality.

The aim of this study was to investigate the social cognitive predispositions of aggression in the form of a causal model. The research project was correlational and structural equations. The statistical population of the study consisted of all second grade male high school students in Yasuj in the academic year 1397-98,that 245 of whom were selected by random sampling of multi-stage clusters. The Baumrind parenting scale, the Social domination scale of Sidanus and Prato, the Akino and Reid social attention scale, and the Bass and Perry aggression scale was used to collect data. Structural equations were used to analyze the data and the Bootstrap command in AMOS was used to investigate the mediating role. The findings showed that Permissive parenting both direct and indirect effects by mediating the tendency to social domination and avoiding social domination on aggression. Authoritarian parenting also had an indirect effect by mediating the tendency to social domination and avoiding social domination on aggression. Authoritative parenting also had an indirect effect by mediating the avoidance of social domination and social attention on aggression.

In the recent decades, economic, social and cultural changes have increased the presence of women in the urban environment. This issue causes attention to women’s security and its determinants increase between researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of environmental variables in women's security in urban space. The study is a survey-case study, cross-sectional and extensive research. The statistical society was 15-40 years old women of Sabzevar and the sample size was estimated based on Cochran's formula 366 which in the final questionnaire, 408 samples were collected and analyzed. The study area included 22 statistical districts of five urban textures (central, middle, informal, planned and peripheral). According to the research results, sense of place and perceptional density were two environmental variables that directly affected women's sense of security. land use mix, readability, and Duration of residence indirectly affected women's sense of security through the mediator of sense of place and environmental disorder was the only variable that affected women's sense of security, both directly and indirectly. Population density was the only variable that had no direct or indirect effect on women's sense of security. The results of stepwise regression and path analysis showed that sense of place alone explains 12.5% of women's sense of security. With the addition of the variables of perceptional density, environmental disorder and readability, the rate of explanation of the variance of the dependent variable increases by 20.7%. Reducing gender blindness in decision-making can help increase women's sense of security.