فصلنامه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات
سال پانزدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1398)

.One of the big advances in identifying markers is the identification of continuous markers with agronomic traits, as well as the value of markers in the analysis of heritability of traits in crops is specified. In this study was assessed, the relationship between agronomic traits and molecular marker ISSR in different genotypes of soybean. The genetic diversity different genotypes of soybean by using the 10 ISSR primer showed that Among 68 amplified fragment of cultivars were generated, 34 fragments were ploy morphic. PIC values varied between 0.147 to 0.058 for primers. Maximum level of marker index obtained for primer PRI-6 with value of 8.39 which indicating a higher resolution of this primer than the other. Association analysis was performed using structure matrix and statistical models of GLM and MLM by using TASSEL software for 21 variables. The MLM model in 5 percent probability level identified 6 markers related to evaluated traits. According to the results of Association analysis the highest of coefficient determination was for ISSR9-2 with 0.21 percent explanation of variation of number main branch. A total of, due to the high genetic diversity statistics, the ISSR10-1, ISSR2-3 and ISSR2-4 markers can be used to other breeding programs.

Sweet basil is one of the most widespread spices in the world. leaves are used commonly as a flavoring in many food products.This experiment was carried out in research farm of damavand in 2019. Evaluate effect of plant density, nitrogen fertilizer and sowing date on yield and chemical composition of essential oil of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) .The experimental was conducted a factorial using randomized compelet block design with four replication.The factors were three levels of nitrogen fertilizers: N1= 50 kg/ha, N2= 100 kg/ha, N3= 150 kg/ha and three levels of plant densities:P1=5 cm, P2= 10 cm, P3= 15 cm with two sowing date:S1= 25 April, S2= 10 May.In this evaluation, most stage of plant phonology such as plant height, number of leaf, plant dry weight, leaf of stem, leaf area index, yield of essential oil and percentage of methyl chavicol were measured. The results showed that plant height mean with application of 50 kg/ha had superior point and interaction of N3P2S1 was higher than other levels in plant dry weight on the first and second cutting,, yield of essential oil on the interaction NS had significant at the 1 % level on the first and second cutting and leaf area index were significant on the intraction of PS and NSP on the first and second cutting %5 level which indicates better performance in nitrogen of 150 kg/ha, plant densities of 15 cm and sowing date of 25 April on the first and second cutting.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the HYDRUS model in simulating soil water movement and redistribution of moisture around the roots of maize in homogeneous and heavy soils. This study was carried out in the Agricultural Research Center of Khuzestan Province under drip strip irrigation with three irrigation regimes of 2, 3 and 4 days with three replications during two cropping years. In order to monitor the moisture around the roots, dig a soil profile to a depth of 75 cm perpendicular to the drip irrigation strip. Observed and simulated moisture values were compared byR2,EF, MAE and RMSE statistics. The results showed that the average moisture distribution in each irrigation regime is in the range of crop capacity. RMSE values for different diets ranged from 1.29 to 2.40% and MAE values for different diets ranged from 1 to 2%. Moisture simulations were classified as excellent based on MAE and RMSE values.Also, the results of the coefficient of explanation are between 60 to 90% and the efficiency of the model is between 40 to 90%. Based on the results, the lowest efficiency of the model was in the simulation 24 hours after irrigation and the best simulation was 72 hours after irrigation. The results show the high capability of the model in simulating soil volumetric moisture.

One of the main problems of crop production in our country is the difference between the actual grain yield of farmers and the achievable grain yield or the yield gap. In order to investigate the management factors affecting the reduction of wheat yield in Mahdasht of Karaj, a field experiment was conducted in the crop year 2017-18 in the farms of Mahdasht which was previously selected by the researcher. In this study, using stepwise regression, the contribution of all management factors that may play a role in reducing yield has been investigated. The results of correlation between different factors showed a positive and significant correlation between grain yield with the number of irrigations, nitrogen application in the second stage, total nitrogen consumption during the growing period and micronutrient consumption at a probability level of 1%, and there was a positive and significant correlation with the area under cultivation at the 5% probability level. According to the recorded wheat grain yield values, the average actual wheat grain yield was 4775 kg.ha-1 and factors affecting yield reduction in this area including the number of irrigations (42%), area under cultivation (9%), previously cultivated crop (6%) and total nitrogen consumption (5%) were determined. Other management factors had little effect on grain yield reduction. Potential grain yield in Mahdasht of Karaj according to the regression model can be raised to 7630 kg.ha-1, and the grain yield gap in this area is 2860 kg.ha-1.

This study was performed to evaluate and compare the reaction of Desi and Kabuli type chickpea cultivars under the influence of Imazethapyr herbicide (Pursuit) in vitro. Cultivar agents in 4 levels Pirooz (T1), Bivanich (T2), Adel (T3) and Kaka (T4) and Imazethapyr herbicide in 6 levels 0.25 (C1), 0.5 (C2), 0.75 (C3), 1 (C4), 1.5 (C5) and distilled water as a control treatment (C6) were examined in factorial designs in a completely randomized design with three replications in the research laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch. The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction of cultivar and herbicide was significant for the traits of greatest root length and tolerance index. The highest tolerance index was observed in the control treatment (distilled water) (0 ppm) and the lowest in the dose treatment of 1.5 ppm (C5). Desi type of Kaka and Pirooz cultivars had the highest tolerance index compared to Bivanich and Adel Kabuli type of chickpea cultivars. The effect of intermediate doses of Imazethapyr herbicide on germination indices were no significant. 

The present experiment was carried out to study the effect of planting date on yield and yield componts of some faba bean genotypes in a split plot based on Complete Randomized Block Design with three replicates in Guilan province during 2014-15 growing season. The main factor was four planting dates (20 November, 19 December, 5 January and 1 March) and the split factor was six faba bean genotypes (Guilan landrace, Borojerd landrace, France, Barrakat, FILIP3 and FILIP5). The effect of planting date was significant on all of the studied traits. The effect of genotype was also significant on all traits exept of days to maturity and relative water content. Interactions of two factors were significant on seed yield, number of days to emergence, hundred seed weight, number of seeds per pod and number of pods per plant. The highest ripening time of seeds (175.22 days) was observed in the first planting date and this time in the last planting date was reduced by 42%. Due to the significant interaction of genotype by sowing date, the simple effect of genotype was investigated at each level of sowing date and it was shown that in all four sowing dates, Gilan landrace had the highest grain yield with 3208.04, 1858, 110.8, 605.2 kg ha-1, respectively. Delay in planting incrased the seed nitrogen content by 22%. According to the results of present study and due to climatic ondition, early November is considered as an appropriate time for planting faba beans in the studied area.