فصلنامه علوم و فناوری نساجی
سال نهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1399)

The purpose of this study is to identify strong points, weak points, opportunities, threats, and the evaluation of the current state of the textile and clothing design industry in Iran by using the SWOT analysis model. For this purpose, the internal evaluation process and survey research method are used. The required information is collected through a questionnaire and a field survey of 10 experts in Yazd, using purposive sampling. The results of the analysis of the matrix of internal factors show that the textile and clothing design in Iran has capabilities in the cultural dimension, consumer market, production and employment. But there are some weak points in Iran that make it difficult for the ones who are eager to the textile and clothing design; such as: political policies, economic, educational, and cultural conditions.Matrix analysis of external factors show that the most important opportunities for Iranian textile and clothing design are exports, trade growth and marketing, and job creation. And the most important threats to the design of textile and clothing is the political policies, economic conditions, and the weakness of export and import laws. Based on the prioritization of the current position of the Iranian textile and clothing design industry, suggestions are made to face weaknesses and threats and strengthen the capabilities and opportunities.

In the carpet washing workshops, different chemicals are used in order to increase shine in the appearance of the carpet, soften the colors or remove the dye bleeding commonly. This method is known as gold or trade washing process. Due to the great variety of materials used in the process of gold or trade washing and on the other hand dyes with different chemical structure, the effect of different chemicals should be studied according to the structure of dyes. With research and study, suitable chemicals (remove bleeding materials) can be used to have the best result from the gold-washing process. Since silk yarns are used in luxury and high value-added hand-woven carpets, it will be very useful to have the knowledge of using the appropriate chemicals with the least damage on these yarns. In this research, after field studies, the procedure of gold washing that are used in hand-woven carpet washing workshops was identified. Among the common methods that were proposed, two methods were selected for application on silk yarns. Due to the importance of natural dyes, silk yarns were dyed with madder as a popular natural dye in different concentrations and pH of dyeing bath, after that exposed to two methods of gold washing. The color parameters and general fastness of the samples were measured and studied. The results showed that the chemicals used in gold washing affect the color shade of the samples. Color change varied according to the concentration of dye, dyeing method and also the concentration of applied chemicals.

Today, the use of composites in various industries has grown significantly. Composite fittings include composite fittings used in industries such as oil, gas and petrochemicals. Pipes and composite joints which are reinforced by the textile materials, can be a suitable replacement for the steel pipes and the other pipes such as polyethylene pipes. Joints are used for redirect of the pipe, change the diameter, split up of the pipe, etc. One of this joints is elbow type. In this study in order to producing composite elbow joint, the weft knitted preform was produced on the Stoll Flat knitting machine. The produced performs were used as reinforcement of composite elbow using Bladder molding technique. After producing the composite specimens, they are subjected under hydrostatic pressure test. The results of the hydrostatic pressure test comparised with specimens made by hand-layup technique. The maximum pressure of 1.266 MPa and 0.96 MPa was recorded for monolithic and non-monolithic composite elbow, respectively. Monolithic elbow composite has a higher pressure resistance about 24% in comparison with Non-monolithic specimens.

Used synthetic dyes and concentrators in printing are generally oil-based, but them effluent is toxic and dangerous, which can be harmful to human health and the environment. Therefore, use of natural dyes and concentrators in printing has received attention as an appropriate alternative. In this research, cotton and viscose samples were printed with madder dye and sodium alginate as concentrator. Then, the effect of printing on color, physical and bagging behavior of cotton and viscose fabrics was evaluated. The results showed that printing on the fabric causes a faster water drop absorption time, reduction of the wrinkle angle and improvement of bagging behavior of cotton and viscose specimens. Also in the same conditions, the magnitude of bagging in cotton fabric is higher than viscose. . In general, the results of this study showed that concentrators and natural colors can be used in printing and achieve high fastness and good properties of the fabric

The preparation of antibacterial and antifungal nanocomposites is widely used in textile, pharmaceutical, health, food, packaging and medicine industries. Meanwhile, epoxy coating is one of the most commonly used protective coatings films in industrial, medicine, textile and food applications. This study aimed to produce a nanocomposite film based on epoxy resin containing ZnO nanoparticles. In this work, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction method. These nanoparticles were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy and DLS analysis. The mean size of nanoparticles was about 46 nm. Then, nanocomposite films were prepared in three concentrations 1%, 2% and 4% of ZnO nanoparticles in epoxy resins. XRD patterns confirmed the presence of ZnO nanoparticles and SEM analysis showed the morphology of nanoparticles in the nanocomposite film. To study the antifungal properties of nanocomposites was used from disc diffusion method. The results displayed that the optimum antifungal activity was in nanocomposites with concentration of 2%.

A very charming and practical approach to contain the created triboelectric energy in textile is to store it through triboelectric generators. Harvesting human-motion energy can be a promising way to use it in wearable electronics. Since the fabric is a permanent and main component of a triboelectric generator, the triboelectric properties of several fabrics used in garments manufacturing investigated in this study. In addition, the effect of the fundamental placement modes of triboelectric generators of the lateral sliding mode and contact-separation mode investigated in this paper. The present study shows that, among the tested fabrics, nylon, cotton, and hydrophobic cotton, in contact with other fabrics, showed a greater potential difference and electric current. In addition, the results showed that the lateral-sliding mode responded faster and generated higher electric current. The results of this work show the possibility of producing wearable triboelectric generators for the harvesting of energy from human biomechanical movements in fabrics and clothing.