Journal of Education and Health Promotion
Volume:3 Issue: 7, July 2013

A favorable or unfavorable attitude about self was named self esteem. According to Maslow theory to achieve quality of life and happiness, one must reach the gradual fulfillment of human needs, including a high degree of own self‑esteem. Body dissatisfaction is a negative distortion of one’s body which is especially mentioned by the women. Many studies have shown links between self esteem, body dissatisfaction, health and behaviors. this study intends to determine relationship between body satisfaction, self esteem and unhealthy weight control behaviors between women.

This cross‑sectional study was done on 408 women employees in Isfahan University and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences during 1390. They were chosen according to the stratified random sampling method. Inclusion criteria were 1) willing to participate in the study and 2) lack of serious physical defect 3) not being in pregnancy or breastfeeding course. Exclusion criteria was filling out questionnaires incompletely. Data collection tool was a multidimensional questionnaire which comprised of 4 sections as following: demographic (5items), A self‑administrative questionnaire for body Satisfaction (7 items), Rosenberg Self‑Esteem Scale (10 items) and a standard Weight Control Behavior Scale (18 items). Cranach’s alpha was 0.9 or higher for the different sections. Finally, collected data was analyzed with SPSS18 using the independent T‑test, one‑way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression, Spearman correlation.

Frequencies of participants by weight category were 14.1% for obese, 35.3% for overweight, 47.6% for normal weight. The mean body satisfaction score in the studied women was 63.26 ± 16.27 (from 100). Mean score of self esteem was 76.70 ± 10.45. 51.5% of women had medium self esteem, 47.5% had high self esteem. Pearson correlation showed that the variables of body Satisfaction (r = 0.3, P = 0.02), BMI (r = ‑ 0.14, P < 0.003), education level (r = 0.22, P < 0.001), income (r = 0.14, P < 0.004), consumption of fruit (r = 0.13, P < 0.008) all correlated with self‑esteem significantly. Women with higher self esteem used higher fruits had a good nutrition overall (r = 0.11, P = 0.02). 92.15%, 10.8% of women respectively participated in one of healthy and unhealthy weight control behavior. There was not any Relationship between self esteem and healthy weight control behavior while finding showed reverse relationship between self esteem and Unhealthy Dieting Behaviors.

It seemed women identity in our society tied to social appreciations that formed and supported by body satisfaction. When they feel their current appearance is differ from ideal appearance, they feel down and have lower self esteem and used unhealthy dieting behavior and low fruits daily. Due to importance of precise self evaluation, self esteem can be used to design and conduct public health programs, especially for women.

Evaluation of fund of knowledge about SLD among kindergarten and primary school teachers is essential to avoid misdiagnosis of SLD and to plan for specific teacher education to enable early identification of SLD among children.

To assess the knowledge of learning disability among primary school teachers in India and to investigate its psychometric properties.

An observational study was carried out 34 primary school teachers from 2 different schools in Puducherry town agreed to participate in this study with informed consent. We used a multiple choice questionnaire format with a total of 50 questions, 5 choices for each question and a total score of 50. The study was held at the schools where these teachers were employed using pen and paper testing method and data were entered into the computer for statistical analysis. Statistical Analysis: Total scores on the questionnaire of all teachers were calculated. Content validity, reliability coefficient, discrimination factor, and facility factor were analyzed using SPSS software.

29% of the questions were correctly answered by all 34 teachers. The mean total score for this sample was 14.50 ± 9 and total item score for the 50 items was 9.90 ± 4. Cronbach’s (α) reliability was 0.89. Overall discrimination index was + 0.2 and facility factor analysis score was 0.26.

Validation of this new screening questionnaire was successful in Indian setting. It has to be used in other settings to extrapolate our findings.

Many changes have been made in different sciences by developing and advancing information and communication technology in last two decades. E‑health is a very broad term that includes many different activities related to the use of electronic devices, software as well as hardware in health organizations.

The aim of this study is comparing electronic health indicators in the selected countries and discussion on the best indicators. Settings and Design: This study has chosen 12 countries randomly based on the regional division of the WHO. The relevant numbers of health indicators and general indicators and information technology indicators are extracted of these countries. We use data from the Bitarf’s comparative study, which is conducted by the Iranian Supreme Council of Information Technology in 2007.

By using Pearson correlation test, the relations between health general indicators and IT indicators are studied. Statistical Analysis Used: Data was analyzed based on the research objectives using SPSS software and in accordance with research questions Pearson correlation test were used.

The findings show that there is a positive relation between indicators related to IT and “Total per capita health, healthy life expectancy, percent literacy”. Furthermore, there is a mutual relation between IT indicators and “mortality indicator”.

This study showed differences between selective indicators among different countries. The modern world, with its technological advances, is not powerless in the face of these geographic and health disparity challenges. Researchers must not rely on the available indicators. They must consider indicators like e‑business companies, electronic data internet, medical supplies, health electronic record, health information system, etc., In future, continuous studies in this field, to provide the exact and regular reports of amount of using of these indicators through different countries must be necessary.

Plagiarism is defined as intentional deceiving or lack of honesty, which deprives others from both material and spiritual possessions. Ethics is considered as one of the most important aspects of evaluating the quality of higher education. Moreover, scientific ethics should be reflected from university values, as a specialized institution, rather than being a reflection of the others cares. Therefore, the main aim of the present study is explore of expert experiences about plagiarism in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.

This study employed qualitative method with using in‑deep interview. The research participants consisted of 21, who tend to this work. Semi structure interview were conducted and recorded. The method of analyzing data was ‘thematic analysis’. The data were transcribed and saved on computer after each interview. Themes and sub‑themes were extracted. Finally, relevant sub‑themes were arranged in a category and suggested were presented.

Analyzing data showed 600 primary codes, 40 sub‑themes and 6 themes. The main themes included repeated works, non‑normative adoption, non‑normative adaptation, shares distribution, forging, and profit‑seeking, each of which consisted of one or several subgroups.

The findings of this study show that since, there are numerous ways of cheating, the universities’ research committees must create institutions in order to educate the individuals how to avoid plagiarism. In addition, providing information about different types of scientific violations, as well as their following punishments might lead to the decrease of such misbehaviors.

Health education for the school age child is a specialized field within the broad discipline of education. Oral health education program are educational aspects of any curative, preventive and promotional health activity.

The study has been undertaken to evaluate the impact of oral health education on the status of plaque, gingival health and dental caries among 12 and 15 years old children attending government school in Shimla city.

Two hundred and seventy six school children participated in the study. The study was conducted over a period of 4 months from May 2010 to August 2010 in Government Senior Secondary School, Sanjauli. Plaque, gingival and caries status was assessed by using Silness and Loe plaque index, Loe and Silness gingival index and WHO modified DMFT index, respectively. Data was analyzed using the software SPSS version 15. Paired t‑test and Wilcoxon signed rank sum test were used appropriately for statistical comparisons. P value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Overall mean plaque score and gingival score decreased significantly after oral health education irrespective of gender. However, decrease in plaque score among 15 years old female children and gingival scores among 12 and 15 years old female subjects was not significant. Difference in mean caries status was statistically insignificant among all the subjects.

Short term oral health education program may be useful in improving oral hygiene and gingival health. Coordinating efforts should be enhanced between school personnel, parents and health professionals to ensure long‑term benefits of such program.

Drug abuse, as a social phenomenon, is one of the health problems of the present era. Inclination to drug abuse like other social phenomena is complex and multi‑causal. Emphasizing on the psychological factors, the present study attempts to compare the amount of depression, anxiety and stress between drug abusers and the comparison group.

The research method is descriptive‑analytic and its design is comparative. The population includes the youths of ages of 18‑29 (with and without drug abuse behavior). The sampling is random and the sample size in drug abuser group is 183 and in the comparison group, it is 207 persons. The data collection instrument is questionnaire of personal information containing 6 questions and the standard questionnaire is DASS‑21. The data were analyzed through SPSS‑18 and statistic tests independent T, chi square, Mann‑Whitney, and logistic regression analysis.

The average age of the drug abusers is 25.9 ± 2.96 years and the comparison group is 24.2 ± 3.36. The most amount of methamphetamine is 75.9%. A significant correlation was observed between the education level and drug abuse behavior (P < 0.001). The score of the stress, anxiety and stress in drug abusers is more than the comparison group and this relationship was significant (P < 0.001). Based on the logistic regression analysis results, anxiety has the highest correlation with drug abuse behavior.

The low level of education is an effective factor in drug abuse. According to the strong correlation between psychological factors and drug abuse behavior, it is necessary to suggest social plans of prevention and treatment of mental disorders.

Holding bedside round teaching and involving patients in the teaching of the students might lead to patients’ dissatisfaction. This study was carried out in order to find the viewpoints of the patients and the medical team about the effect of clinical round on patients hospitalized in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.

This study is of cross‑sectional descriptive type which is carried out in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences using researcher‑made tools. The statistical population included the hospitalized patients, interns, residents, and nurses of the internal wards of educational hospitals. In this study, 110 patients and 150 health team staff are participated. The analysis of the data was done through software Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 11.5 and descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Statistical analysis of the variance did not show any significant difference among the interns’, nurses’, and residents’ perception of patient’s satisfaction.

Generally, the patients had a positive viewpoint toward things happening during a round, whereas the medical team’s viewpoint was negative. In both groups, the highest satisfaction average pertained to the number of times and the duration of visits, but both groups believed that lack of a definite responsible medical doctor, feeling of insecurity during the incongruous and unclear discussions, and the level of respect for the patient were the causes of dissatisfaction with the clinical round process.

The current method of clinical rounds can result in patients’ dissatisfaction. On the other hand, proper relationship with them leads to the development of a more positive attitude in them. Therefore, revision and correction of the current clinical round procedures and teaching the communication skills to the medical team could help improve this process.

Diabetes is one of the chronic and prevalent diseases in the world. Diabetic patients’ number has increased 7 times during last 20 years. If this current situation continues, diabetic patients’ population will be 350 millions ones in 2030. It means that 7 millions people will be added annually. Up to now, different uncontrollable factors have been monitored in self‑caring of this disease for managing and preventing from its early and late side effects. This research is conducted to study the role of self‑efficacy as a determinant agent in self‑caring of diabetic patients. Study

This is a narrative review study in which various information banks and search motors such as PubMed, ProQuest, SCOPUS, Elsevier were reviewed. Diabetes, self‑care and self efficacy keywords from cross sectional, cohort, clinical experimental studies and systematic review were also used in the study construction. Iranian Banks such as IRANMEDEX, MEDLINE and also different articles from domestic research and scientific magazines were selected. Time spectrum of reviewed studies was supposed to be published from 1990 up to 2011.

Self‑care situation among diabetic patients not only is unsatisfactory but also the studies` results show that self‑efficacy rate is low among them. The findings of the studies prove that there is a direct relation between self‑efficacy and self‑care in the patients in a way that this construct owns the predictability power of self‑care behavior.

Self‑caring has a significant role in controlling of diabetes disease. Self‑efficacy can induce motivation directly take health promoting behavior through efficacy expectations. It also affects motivation, indirectly, through perceived barriers and determining commitment or stability for following function map. So, self‑efficacy is very important in changing self‑care behavior process.

In diseases and disorders such as diabetes, treatment and disease management depends mostly on patient’s performance. So, self‑care is very important in these patients and they can affect their own welfare, functional capabilities, and disease processes by achieving self‑care skills. Nowadays, we know that self care follows individual, psychological and social factors which its recognition can assist health care providing systems to carry out educational programs. This study aimed to investigate the role of perceived benefits and barriers in doing self‑care behaviors among diabetic patients.

This study is a narrative review and articles with sectional, cohort, and interventional, clinical trial, qualitative and narrative designs were chosen using databases and academic search engines such as PubMed, SCOPUS, ProQuest, Elsevier and key words like self‑care diabetes, perceived benefits and barriers. Persian articles were also selected using databases like IRANMEDEX, MEDLIB, as well as searching the articles in sites of domestic scientific magazines.

Reviewed articles’ findings show the average situation of perceived benefits and barriers in diabetic patients regarding self‑care. Qualified blood sugar (glucose) control, weight control, happiness feeling and expenses reduction are the most important perceived benefits. The most significant perceived barriers in self‑care consist of lack of family support, shame feeling, forgetfulness and not being able to ignore foods’ flavor.

Perceived benefits and barriers, as central constructs in some patterns and theories of behavior change, were related to self‑care, so that it was directly related to perceived benefits and reversely related to perceived barriers. Therefore, these two constructs can be considered as strategies for promoting self‑care behaviors in diabetic patients.

Adolescents’ overweight problems have been paid much attention due to their significant increase in recent decades in developed countries. Poor eating patterns subsequently affect their self‑efficacy and self‑concept. Therefore, paying attention to the nutritional knowledge of overweight students in this period is essential. This study examines the relationship between self‑efficacy, self‑concept, and nutritional knowledge of overweight students in the city of Isfahan.

The 140 overweight students who participated in this descriptive, analytical study with were randomly selected from one of five areas of Isfahan city in the year 2011‑2012. Questionnaires for data collection in this study included demographic form, nutrition knowledge, Cooper Smith self‑esteem, and general self‑efficacy questionnaire. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, regression, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient with statistical package in social sciences version 18.

There was a significant correlation between whole nutritional knowledge and self‑efficacy (r = 0.29, P > 0.001) and self‑concept (r = 0.26, P = 0.002). There was a significant correlation between self‑efficacy and self‑concept (r = 0.3, P = 0.001). Furthermore, in the selection of food section there was no significant correlation with the self‑concept (r = 0.147, P = 0.083). Regression analysis between self‑concept, self‑efficacy, family dimension, father’s education, mother’s education, father’s occupation, mother’s occupationa and income with nutrition knowledge showed that these eight variables explain 17.7% of the variance in health behaviors totally.

By conducting this study, and revealing the direct relationship between nutritional knowledge, self‑concept, and self‑efficacy, we could conclude that if nutritional knowledge of overweight students is promoted, this factor would lead to an increase their self‑concept and self‑efficacy in order to adopt healthy behaviors and have the expected healthy eating and healthy life‑style.

Emotional intelligence (EI) theory provides a view about predicting effective factors in people’s lives whether in education or profession. According to earlier studies, people who have higher emotional skills are more successful in many of life aspects :e.g., reaction to stress and controlling stress situations. Since students are the future of society, this study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between EI and education stress in the students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS).

In this cross‑sectional study, 260 students were selected by proportional sampling in four faculties: Medicine, Nursing and Midwifery, Paramedical Sciences, and Health. Data were collected using two questionnaires: The standardized EI Shering’s (33 questions, five domains) and the Student‑Life Stress Inventory (57 questions, nine domains). The obtained data were analyzed by independent t‑test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and linear regression at the significant level of α = 0.05.

Totally, 65.8% of participants were females and 31.1% were males. The educational level of the participants included Associate’s degree (44.6%) Bachelor’s degree in science (31.2%), and medical science (23.1%). There was no significant correlation between EI scores and educational stress in students. But there was a significant relationship between EI with sex (P = 0.02) and mean of EI scores with three domains of academic stress: Personal favorites (P = 0.004), reaction to stressors (P = 0.002), and performance in stressful situations (P = 0.001).

Although EI growth in different individuals can promote their success, it cannot decrease academic stress by itself which was particularly significant in females. Therefore, other causes of stress such as individual differences must be taken into consideration.

The World Health Organization (WHO) produced the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (HPH) back in 1986. Then expressed the Budapest Declaration of Health Promoting Hospitals and after determined standards for reorienting hospitals towards health promotion So, this study evaluated Iranian hospitals based on WHO‑HPH standard.

This study was a descriptive ‑ analytical survey in selected hospitals of Iran (38 hospitals from 5 provinces). Method of data collecting was through review of documentation related to each of the standards. WHOs self‑assessment tool for health promotion was used.

Overall the mean score of health promotion standard in the state hospital was 54.1 ± 15.1 that means the private hospitals have higher score. In general, patient information and intervention standard had the highest score (70. 8 ± 8. 1) both in private and government hospitals and the patient assessment standard had the lowest score (44. 2 ± 20.1).

Hospitals must design a specific system for improving and evaluating health promotion in order to encourage policy‑makers and health service administrators to invest resources.

Spiritual well‑being is well‑recognized as a factor that affects cancer patients’ quality of life, quality of care, and satisfaction. There is evidence that supports the fact that patients’ spiritual needs are associated with better quality of care, higher hospice utilization, and less aggressive care at the end of life. However, few studies have examined the Spiritual well‑being (SWB) in cancer patients. Less is known about spirituality; furthermore, no published research about SWB and its relationship with demographic parameters in breast cancer patients exists; this made us carry out this project.

This cross‑sectional study was a descriptive – analytical one, conducted on 297 breast cancer patients, with a simple sampling methodology. The data collection instrument included a questionnaire containing two parts (demographic information and standard SWB Scale questionnaire). The data were analyzed with 95% confidence by SPSS18, using descriptive and analytic statistics.

According to the results of the present study, SWB of most of the study subjects (52.52%) was at a moderate level. Results showed that the average score for religious aspect of spiritual well‑being (RWB) was 51.38 ± 8.17 for 60, average score for the existential aspect of spiritual well‑being (EWB) was 42.47 ± 10.21 for 60, and the total score of SWB was 93.69 ± 10.04 for 120. Based on the study findings, there was a statistically significant correlation between the SWB and age (P = 0.03, r = 0.59), educational level (P = 0.04, r = −0.58), and marital status (P = 0.001), of breast cancer patients.

According to the results of the present study, the SWB of most study subjects was at a moderate level. Furthermore, according to the results there was a correlation between some important demographic parameters in women with breast cancer and SWB. Hence, it is necessary for the treatment team to assess and improve the SWB of patients; meanwhile the role of nurses is highlighted. In fact, the nurse is the first person who can recognize the spiritual needs of a patient and even his/her family, and can be effective in meeting the spiritual needs and improving their SWB. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that in patients with cancer, a holistic care plan, based on spiritual care, development, and education of patients be applied, as it is considered to improve their SWB.