پژوهش نامه روانشناسی اسلامی
سال پنجم شماره 10 (بهار و تابستان 1398)

The present study was designed with the aim of comparative study of the philosophical foundations of structural family therapy (ontology, epistemology, anthropology, axiology, and methodology) and its therapeutic theory with Islamic approach. In this research, content analysis has been used to analyze words, concepts, themes, phrases and certain sentences from within a text or a collection of texts. The results showed that this theory, in the philosophical foundations (ontology, epistemology, anthropology, axiology, and methodology) and in the theory of therapy, is consistent with Islamic teachings, although, it departs from the Islamic perspective in a transcendental approach and in terms of the role of cognitive, behavioral, ethical, and spiritual interventions. Since this theory has a proper alignment with Islamic teachings, it seems that by refocusing this theory with the Islamic-Iranian culture, it can be used in a better way to treat Iranian families’ disorders.

Believing in the afterlife is the second major principle which people are invited to, after theism, in all divine religions especially in Islam. This belief has an important role in religious commitment. Teaching of believing in the afterlife in the adolescence, which is an era of flourishing of wisdom and religion and the era of outburst of instincts, is more important. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of teaching the concept of afterlife through group discussion on religious commitment of teenagers. To this end, after designing an educational package, 40 eleventh-grade high schooler boys from Qazvin were selected through cluster random sampling. After designing an experiment and a control group, pre-tests were applied on both groups. Then, the educational package of afterlife belief was administered among the experiment group through group discussion. And then the post-tests were applied. Study design was for two dependent series and data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitnet U tests .Results showed that teaching the concept of afterlife was effective on religious commitment and decreased religious non-commitment and ambivalence among teenagers.

Biological and environmental factors are of the most important elements in the formation and development of child's personality. The purpose of this study is to investigate and explain the most important elements and factors influencing the infrastructure of personality development from Islamic and psychological perspectives. In the present study, descriptive-analytical and Ijtihadi methods have been used and Islamic and psychological teachings related to the process of parenting have been examined, with an emphasis on prenatal stage. Factors related to the development of children's personality which were extracted from Islamic and psychological teachings are: 1. Biological and personality characteristics of parents, especially the mother; 2. Moral and psychological care of parents before and during pregnancy and infancy; 3. Observance of nutritional health and mental health of the mother during pregnancy; 4. Exercise and appropriate activities of mother during pregnancy; 5. Environmental health and mental health of the mother during pregnancy and infancy; 6. Observance of spiritual, moral and devotional issues during pregnancy and infancy by parents; 7. Avoiding illicit drugs and drinks during pregnancy and breastfeeding; 8. Observance of Islamic traditions in relation to the infant; 9. Spiritual, psychological, and moral states of parents during development of the child.

Oldness is one of the riskiest stages of life in terms of stresses. In Islamic sources much attention has been paid to the statues and importance of oldness, so oldness has been considered as the light of God and grace of the family. This study investigated the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment with Islamic approach on hope of the elderly. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population was the elderly of Yazd province in the year 2019. The sample consists of 15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group who were selected by convenience sampling method. Therapeutic sessions of acceptance and commitment group therapy based on Bond and Hayes model have been adapted to an Islamic approach. This therapeutic method was confirmed by 5 experts in the field of Quranic, Hadith, and psychology sciences and the therapeutic program based on acceptance and commitment with Islamic approach was designed. The experimental group received treatment in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, one session per week. The research tool was Schneider’s Hope Questionnaire. According to the findings of this study, therapy based on acceptance and commitment with an Islamic approach has increased the hope of the elderly.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of Islamic self-evaluation among students of Qom University. This descriptive study was performed on students of different disciplines of Qom University in the 2018-2019 academic year. For this purpose, 335 individuals were selected by stratified random sampling. The measuring tool in this study was the Islamic Self-Evaluation Questionnaire. Correlation tests, one sample t-test, independent t-test, and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software. Findings indicated that the mean of all components of self-evaluation were higher than average in students of Qom University. The highest mean was of the meditation phase and the lowest was of the meditation phase. No relationship was found between demographics and Islamic self-evaluation of students. There was also a positive and significant relationship between each of the components of self-evaluation; the highest relationship was between the calculation and meditation phases and the least relationship was between the computational and the meditation phases. In conclusion, the students of Qom University in terms of Islamic self-evaluation are in a good shape.

Marital infidelity is one of the problems that is increasing in families and has harmful consequences and outcomes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the predisposing factors of marital infidelity based on Islamic sources. The research method is descriptive content analysis. The unit of analysis in this research is sentences, words and topics and information that have been obtained by referring to the Holy Quran, Hadith books, articles, dissertations, books, web-sites, and various soft-wares in this field. The results of this study show that various factors are effective in the occurrence of marital infidelity. These factors can be divided into individual, family and social factors. Predisposing individual factors of marital infidelity are: weakness in faith, lack of chastity, lack of zeal, experience of illegitimate relationships (before or after marriage), obedience to the enemies of the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUT), drinking, and music. Predisposing family factors for marital infidelity include misplaced suspicion and jealousy, sexual dissatisfaction, and affective dissatisfaction. Predisposing social factors of marital infidelity include: disloyalty to others and friendship or companionship with unfaithful people.