فصلنامه سلامت و مراقبت
سال بیست و سوم شماره 2 (تابستان 1400)

 Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases that affect patients' social, psychological, and economic performance. Considering the importance of lifestyle in promoting health and improving quality of life, especially in chronic diseases such as asthma, the present study was planned and conducted to determine the relationship between lifestyle and quality of life in patients with asthma.

 The current study was a descriptive correlational study that its statistical population included all patients with asthma referred to medical centers in Zanjan province. A total of 400 patients were selected by the available sampling method. We used the WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire and Lifestyle Questionnaire (LSQ) for data collection. The results of the study were analyzed using SPSS software version 26 in two levels including descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA and independent t-test) tests.

 According to the results, 40% of the participants were over 60 years old, and 58% were men. The results revealed a positive and significant relationship between the total lifestyle score and the total quality of life in patients with asthma (p<0.05). On the other hand, there was a statistically significant relationship between the dimensions of weight control, mental health, and social health of lifestyle with total quality of life and also between the dimensions of physical health and environmental health of quality of life and total lifestyle score of patients (p<0.05).

 Due to the chronic and progressive nature of asthma and the need for continued health care, improving the quality of life by changing patients' lifestyles can play a constructive role in preventing the progression of the disease. Therefore, it seems that health professionals must strive to change the lifestyle of these patients with actions such as educational programs to improve their quality of life.

Balance, gait, and postural stability change naturally with age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Frankel exercises on gait, posture stability and balance in elderly women with kyphosis.

In this quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-test, 30 women with kyphosis referred to the Elderly Research Center of Kermanshah province were participated. They were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of Frankel exercises (n=15) and control group (n=15). The Frankel training group participated in the training program for 5 weeks (3 sessions per week and one hour each session). But the control group did not participate in any training program. The subjects' gait, balance and stability were assessed before and after the selected exercises. In order to analyze the data, descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance and paired t-test) and SPSS-25 software were used.

The results showed that in the experimental group, there was a significant difference in scores related to kinematic parameters, 180 degree rotation test (number of steps) and leaf balance scale test between pretest and posttest (p<0.05). While in the control group, this difference was not significant.

Frankl's exercises appear to be effective in improving gait, posture stability, and balance in the elderly with kyphosis. Therefore, careful administration of Frankel exercises in these individuals may be helpful.

Personality traits are one of the effective psychological factors in controlling diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between personality traits and confidence in diabetes self-care in elderly with type 2 diabetes.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 163 elderly people with diabetes referred to Arak teaching hospitals in the second half of 2018 were evaluated by evailable sampling method. the Neo Personality and Confidence in Diabetes Self-Care Questionnaires were completed through interview and data were analyzed in SPSS v20 using t-test and ANOVA.

There was a statistically significant relationship between different dimensions of personality traits and confidence in diabetes self-care (p<0.05). Also, there was a statistically significant relationship between neuroticism with occupation, extraversion with age, as well as flexibility with age and occupation (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between any of the demographic information such as age, sex, occupation, etc. with confidence self-care.

The results showed a relationship between personality traits and self-care confidence in the elderly with type 2 diabetes. It is suggested that educational programs to be organized for this group of patients in relation to personality traits that can lead to improving the patient's self-care ability and adaptation to the disease.

Mental health is one of the most important health issues that is of special importance in nurses due to their role in maintaining the life and health of patients. This study aimed to determine the general health and mental health status of nurses.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 150 nurses in hospitals of Larestan in 2020 by randomly stratified sampling. A self-made demographic information questionnaire, general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), and SCL-90-R questionnaire were used for data collection. In order to analyze the data, central and dispersion indices and independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation coefficient were used using statistical software of SPSS-22.

The mean age of the studied nurses was 32.7±7.9 years. The results demonstrate that the mean scores of general health and mental health of studied nurses were 60.96±13.2 and 180.2±49.5, respectively. The nurses of the ICU and internal wards had the worst general health and mental health status. The finding indicated that the worst mental health scores in the studied nurses were belonged to somatic disorders and behavioral obsession components. In assessing the prevalence of symptoms of mental health disorders in nurses, the components of physical complaint (74.7%), paranoid behavior (61.3%), anxiety (59.3%) and depression (55.3%) had the highest score.

The results showed that the general health and mental health of studied nurses were in an unfavorable situation. Therefore, to improve the level of occupational hygiene of nurses and provide a high quality of health- care services in hospitals, there is a need to pay more attention to general health and mental health of nurses.

Concerns about career prospects are a topic that has recently increased in various disciplines. The aim of this study was to determine the attitude of operating room students of Hamadan university of medical sciences toward their discipline and future career during the corona virus epidemic

In this descriptive-analytical study, 170 operating room students of Hamadan university were selected by stratified sampling method. The research tool was students' attitudes toward the field of study and career prospects questionnaire which were completed as electronically and in writing. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and one-way ANOVA and independent t-test.

The mean scores of student attitudes toward the field of study and career future were 29.00±5.63 and 19.62±3.30, respectively. 67.1% of students had a favorable view of their field of study and 67.6% had a favorable view of their future career. Also, there were statistically significant relationships between the year of entering the university with their attitude towards the field of study (p=0.001) and career future (p=0.003), and the accommodation of students with attitude towards career future (p=0.010).

The attitude of the majority of operating room students of Hamadan university of medical sciences towards their field of study and future career was favorable at the time of the corona virus epidemic. A more complete acquaintance of people with the field of study before choosing a field, increasing the job capacity of working in the operating room and adjusting the admission capacity of students can play a significant role in strengthening these types of attitudes.

Emotional eating is a behavior of eating without physiological need that occurs in response to negative emotions and is harmful to health. Based on research evidence; some other factors, in addition to negative emotions, contribute to the activation and triggering of emotional eating. Identifying these factors is essential for effective management of emotional eating. Emotional eating is also more common in obese people and women. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explain the lived experiences of young obese women about the triggers of emotional eating.

This study was performed by qualitative method with hermeneutic phenomenological approach in 2020. Participants in this study were 17 young women living in Kermanshah or Karaj with the experiences of emotional eating and a body mass index of 30 or higher. They were selected using purposive sampling method with maximum diversity approach. Data were collected through in-depth individual and face- to- face interviews and analyzed using the seven-step method of Dickelman.

In analyzing the participants' lived experiences, a major theme called "emotional eating triggers" was identified. This theme was formed by 4 sub-themes: negative emotions, mental symptoms, physical symptoms, and special events.

The findings of the current study showed that although negative emotions are the central trigger of emotional eating, they are not enough for it to occur. Therefore, in order to have a deep understanding of lived experiences related to the occurrence of emotional eating behavior, it is necessary to simultaneously pay attention to the multiple dimensions of its activator and trigger, including negative emotions, mental symptoms (rumination of negative thoughts, and mental temptation to eat), physical symptoms (gastrointestinal symptoms, fatigue, pain, etc.), as well as events that specifically trigger emotional eating.

Dynamic self-efficacy affects physical and emotional parameters of individuals and plays an important role in reducing the fear of natural childbirth. The present study aimed to investigate the role of hardiness, social support and self-control skills in predicting childbirth self-efficacy in pregnant women.

The present study was a descriptive- correlational study. The study population included all pregnant women who referred to clinics of Ziyaee hospital in Ardakan city. A total of 180 women were selected by available sampling. Data were gathered using questionaries of childbirth self- efficacy inventory (CBSEI), hardiness, self-control and maternity social support and then analyzed by Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression using SPSS-21.

The results showed that except for physical activity, self-control did not have a significant correlation with childbirth self-efficacy and only the subscale of physical activity control had a significant negative correlation with childbirth self-efficacy (r=-0.20).  The total scores of hardiness and commitment subscale had a positive correlation with childbirth self-efficacy (r=0.16). Finally, the correlation between social support and childbirth self-efficacy was positive and statistically significant (r=0.25). The results of regression analysis also showed that the study variables were able to predict 12% of childbirth self-efficacy variance in pregnant women (p<0.01).

Hardiness, social support and self-control have a significant positive relationship with self-efficacy and can be effective in predicting the self-efficacy of pregnant women. Childbirth self-efficacy can be increased with proper care interventions, including training courses on hardiness and self-control skills and emphasizing the importance of social support.

The most important foundations of family strengthening and also the happiness of couples in the framework of cohabitation is marital satisfaction. Considering the importance of marital satisfaction in the security of home and society; the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of spiritual-Islamic interventions and cognitive-behavioral approach on increasing marital satisfaction in couples in Isfahan.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with a control group. Among the couples in Isfahan who had lived together for 5 to 20 years, 45 couples were selected by available sampling method and they randomly divided into one of three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). The therapies used included cognitive-behavioral therapy based on Frey's view (Mohammadi and Farnam, 2005) and spiritual-religious psychotherapy based on the model of Richards and Bergin (2004) with emphasis on the teachings of Islam, each of which was performed in 12 sessions. The Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1998) was used to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance and SPSS-25 software.

The finding showed that the mean score of marital satisfaction in the group of Islamic spiritual intervention was significant and higher than cognitive-behavioral intervention (p<0.05). The mean of marital score in the group of cognitive-behavioral intervention was significant and less than Islamic spiritual intervention (p<0.05). Cognitive-behavioral intervention had no significant effect on financial management compared to Islamic spiritual intervention.

The results showed that both groups had more marital satisfaction than the control group, although, when comparing two experimental groups, the role of Islamic spiritual intervention in marital satisfaction of couples was more than cognitive-behavioral intervention. It is suggested that in order to prevent marital dissatisfaction and unresolved harms of couples, Islamic spiritual and cognitive-behavioral interventions to be considered and used by couples according to the existing situations.