Razavi International Journal of Medicine
Volume:9 Issue: 4, Autumn 2021

Bisphosphonate-associated atypical femoral fracture (AFF) is a rare and serious ‎condition with poorly understood characteristics and management. ‎

To evaluate the characteristic features and outcomes of AFF in a two-center cohort ‎study.‎

In a retrospective survey, medical profiles of 22 AFF patients, who have used ‎alendronate for > 12 months, were reviewed. The demographic characteristics such as age, ‎gender, and BMI, the clinical features including symptoms, symptom duration, radiologic ‎characteristics including fracture site, the severity of the fracture, and contralateral involvement, ‎surgical characteristics including the type of surgery union period and postoperative ‎complications such as fixation failure, and union problems were extracted from the patients’ ‎profiles.‎

The study population included 4 males and 18 females with a mean age ‎of ‎70.6±11.9 ‎‏ ‏years. ‎‏The mechanism ‎of fracture was falling down‎ in 21 (95.5% ) patients. The ‎mean duration of ‎‏bisphosphonate consumption was ‎‏‎3.8±2 ‎‏‎ years. Prodromal symptoms (pain and ‎limping) were recorded in 12 (54.55%) ‎‏patients. ‎‏The fracture was in the femoral shaft in 15 ‎‎(68.2%) and in the subtrochanteric‎‏‎ in 7 (‎‏‏‎31.8%) patients. ‎‏The fixation device was ‎‏the ‎intramedullary nail in 18 (81.8%) and plate in 4 (18.2%) patients. ‎‏The mean union period was ‎‏‎8.3±2.8 ‎months. Union complications (delayed or ‎‏nonunion) occurred in 6 (27.3%) patients. ‎Fixation failed in 5 (22.7%) patients (3 nails and 2 ‎‏plate fixation).‎‏

AFF is associated with a prolonged union. ‎‏The intramedullary nail provides a more ‎secure fixation. Prodromal symptoms could be used for earlier detection of patients. ‎‏

Liver resection requires time management due to the high risk of bleeding. Plant-based materials are superior to other agents in  reducing complications during hemostasis. This present study aimed to investigate the effect of plant-based topical hemostatic nanoparticles from the rosaceous as an innovative hemostatic agent.

Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two study groups. All rats were anesthetized and their anterior lobe of the  liver was amputated. The incision site was directly pressed with a dry gauze for 2 minutes in the control group and repeated every
30 seconds until hemostasis was achieved. Homeostatic material was compressed on the incision site and clotting time was  recorded in the intervention group. The mean hemostasis time was compared in both groups using Paired Samples Test. P <0.05
was considered statistically significant.

Hemostasis was successfully achieved in both groups. The hemostasis time were 6.7±1.33 and 183±26.26 in Nanoparticles and  control groups, respectively and their differences were significant (P<0.001). Histopathology evaluation indicated a slight increase  in vascularity, fibrosis, and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration in one case. Mild to moderate lymphocyte  infiltration was detected in 2 cases.

The produced plant-based Nanoparticles could significantly reduce the hemostasis time in the intervention group compared to that  of the control one.

One of the most common and profound experiences is due to the breakdown of emotional relationships. Losing the subject of love at a young age is one of the biggest blows that can happen to people. This study aimed to determine the fitness of the structural equation model of relationships between personality organization and emotional breakdown based on the mediating role of defense mechanisms. The present study was descriptive and correlational research was a structural equation model. The statistical population of this study included all adolescent girls with an emotional breakdown in the academic year of 2019-20 in Nurabad. The sample consisted of 250 people who were selected using the purposeful sampling method. Data were collected using the love trauma syndrome questionnaire (Ross, 1999), personality organization questionnaire (Kernberg, 2002), and defense mechanisms questionnaire (Andrews et al., 1993). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient, structural equation model, and SPSS.22 and AMOS.22 software. The significance level in this study was 0.05. The results showed that personality organization had an indirect effect on the emotional breakdown, so the indirect relationship between the research variables with 95% confidence was confirmed (p <0.05). It can be concluded that personality organization has a mediating role in the relationship between defense mechanisms and emotional breakdown.

Diabetes is the fifth leading cause of death in most countries of the world and causes disability, disability, high medical costs, and increased mortality. The aim of this study was to predict the meaning of life based on moral development and cognitive styles in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study was an applied and descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all patients of the Karaj Diabetes Association in 2019, among whom 200 were selected by convenience sampling method and Cochran formula. In order to collect data, the Meaning of Life Questionnaire of Steger et al. (2006), Kolberg's Moral development Test (1981), and Kolb Cognitive Styles Scale (1981) were used. Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23, and the significance level was 0.05. The results showed that moral development and cognitive styles have a positive and significant relationship with the meaning of life in people with diabetes (p <0.001) and altruism, moral development level, objective experience cognitive style, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active testing can predict the meaning of life in people with diabetes (p <0.001) It can be concluded that moral development and cognitive styles can predict the meaning of life among people with type 2 diabetes and these results support the importance of the role of the meaning of life in people with type 2 diabetes.

Nutrition education is a key component of health promotion programs and leads to improvement of nutritional behaviors of adolescents. Understanding the stages of cognitive-behavioral therapy in eating behavior and weight loss in adolescents is important.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the transtheoretical model and cognitive-behavioral therapy on eating behavior and weight loss in adolescents.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a two-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all adolescents referred to counseling centers in Mashhad in autumn 2019; 45 of them were selected by convenience sampling method and were divided into 3 experimental, second, and control groups. The research questionnaires were Cappelleri et al.'s (2009) eating behavior questionnaire. Data analyzed by analysis of covariance test using SPSS.25 software.

The results showed that the effectiveness of the transtheoretical model and cognitive-behavioral therapy was different on eating behavior so that cognitive-behavioral therapy is more effective than the transtheoretical model (p <0.001).

Cognitive-behavioral therapy on eating behavior and weight loss of adolescents was more effective in comparison with the model of the change process. It is suggested that cognitive-behavioral therapy should be considered in the treatment of appropriate principles of nutrition and control of adolescents' weight.

Infertility cannot be considered as a disorder of organ function, but other aspects of it are also important, and it is necessary to pay attention to it. The present study conducted to the prediction mental health based on personality traits and time perspective in infertility women. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consists of all Infertility Women (20-40 years) and applied to Infertility therapy in Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences located in Tehran City in seasons of autumn of 2019. 300 Infertility Women by convenience sample selected. The research tools were Zimbardo Time Perspective Questionnaire (1991), Revised NEO personality inventory (NEI. PI - R) Costa & McCrae (2007) & GHQ questionnaire Goldberg & Hiller (2012). The statistical method of the study was step by step multivariate regression by spss.22. The results showed that neuroticism (Beta = -0.12, p < .001), extraversion (Beta = 0.16, p < .002), openness to experience (Beta = 0.38, p= .003), agreeableness (Beta = 0.45, p= .002), conscientiousness (Beta = -0.32, p= .001) were significant predictors. Past-Negative (Beta = -0.19, p= .001), Past-Positive (Beta = 0.16, p= .001), Present-Hedonistic (Beta = 0.92, p= .002), Present-Fatalistic (Beta = 0.92, p= .001) and future (Beta = 0.43, p= .002). It is concluded that Personality Traits as well as Time Perspective to some extent, can predict the rate of mental health in Infertility Women, and they could be faced with such issues is better.

One of the most important complications of parental divorce for children is uncertainty about marriage and its outcomes and, in the next step, doubts about decision making about choosing a suitable spouse. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Adlerian educational program on the problems of choosing a spouse, attitude toward marriage and divorce of children of divorced parents.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. This study's statistical population was all divorced children referred to a counseling center in Tehran, 60 of whom were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 30 experimental and control. Premarital education was conducted based on the communication training program for the experimental group. Before the intervention and the final session, pre-test and post-test were taken, and follow-up was performed 45 days after the post-test. Data were collected using the decision problems in spouse selection questionnaire (2004), marriage attitude scale (1998) and attitude toward divorce (1986) were analyzed using one-way covariance analysis and SPSS.22 software.

The results showed that the Adlerian educational program was effective on choosing a spouse (p <0.01), attitude toward marriage (p <0.01), and attitude toward divorce (p <0.01) of children of divorced parents.

It can be concluded that Adlerian's educational program was effective on increasing attitude toward marriage and decreasing decision problems and attitude toward divorce of children of divorced parents.

Breast cancer is a disease that women with it are at risk of experiencing disease-related turmoil and pressures. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on sexual self-efficacy in women with breast cancer. The present study was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study was all married women with breast cancer referred to Milad hospital in 2020. Forty-five patients who met the criteria for entering the study were selected as the final sample size by sampling method in non-random and available sampling and were placed in two experimental groups of one control group (each group 15 people). At this stage, all three groups responded to the sexual self-efficacy questionnaire as a pre-test, then the two experimental groups received cognitive-behavioral and emotion-focused therapy sessions and the control group waited. After completing the course, all three groups responded to the questionnaire listed as a post-test. After 4 months, the follow-up test was performed again. Data were analyzed by covariance analysis test and paired comparison of measurement stages by SPSS.22. The results showed that both emotion-focused therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy were effective on sexual self-efficacy (p <0.001), but there was no difference between the two treatments on sexual self-efficacy. The results of this study showed the effect of emotion-focused approach therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy as supportive methods in increasing sexual self-efficacy in women with breast cancer.

Identifying factors that affect high-risk behaviors is one of the fundamental ways to prevent high-risk behaviors. This study aimed to determine the predictive role of social capital and mental health in the tendency to high-risk behaviors in female students of Shahid Beheshti University. The research method was correlational. The statistical population of this study included all female students of Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran who were studying in the first semester of 2018-19, among which 150 students were selected. The sampling method was stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the Iranian Youth Risk Assessment Scale, General Health Questionnaire, and Social Capital Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression by spss.22. The results showed a negative relationship between the components of social capital and the tendency to risky behaviors. Also, there was a positive relationship between general health components and the tendency to high-risk behaviors (p <0.001). There was a relationship between social capital and the tendency to risky behaviors (p <0.001). It can be concluded that social capital and mental health play a predictive role in the tendency to high-risk behaviors in female students.

The early experiences of childhood with parents and the type of emotional relationship of the child with his parent is considered as attachment style.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy training and acceptance and commitment therapy on the attachment of gifted adolescents.

The present research was semi-experimental, with pre-test and post-test design with a control group and follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study was all gifted students who studied in the academic year of 2019-20, among which 60 people (matched in terms of age, IQ, and gender). The sampling method was stratified randomly. 36 patients were selected and randomly divided into three groups that were matched for age and IQ. Experimental groups received initial inconsistent schema training and commitment and acceptance in 10 sessions, and the control group did not receive any training. All three groups were assessed before and after the training sessions and follow-up course with the Armsden and Greenberg Parental Attachment Questionnaire (1987). Data were analyzed by the repeated measure analysis of variance and SPSS.22 software.

The results showed that there is a difference between the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy on attachment to parents (p <0.01). The results also showed that schema therapy was more effective than acceptance and commitment therapy (p <0.01).

It can be concluded that schema therapy and acceptance and commitment were effective on attachment to parents but they weren’t effective on peer attachment in gifted adolescents.

Marital conflict is one of the most important challenges in modern life and has found a special place in the field of modern studies and research. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Schema-Based Couple Therapy (SBCT) and Solution-Oriented Couple Therapy (SOCT) on the marital conflict resolution style of women referring to counseling centers. In this quasi-experimental study, 60 women with marital conflict were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental groups such as SBCT and SOCT groups (20 people equally) and control group (n=20). Participants in the experimental groups received 8 and 7 sessions of SBCT and SOCT, respectively; while control group did not receive any therapy. Rahim Couples Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnairewere measured pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26, descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of SBCT and SOCT on the marital conflict resolution style of women referred to counseling centers (P=0.025). SBCT approach was more effective than SOCT on women's marital conflict resolution style. SBCT approach can reduce the marital conflict of women referring to counseling centers to an acceptable level.

It is necessary to help people with a personality disorder solve the problems related to this disorder, recognizing the factors affecting irrational beliefs, and anxiety of these people that can be improved using different approaches. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on irrational beliefs and anxiety in people with borderline personality disorder. The present study was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with the control group. The statistical population included women (diagnosed with bipolar disorder) referred to a counseling center in Tehran between January and March 2020 (112 women). The sample was selected by the convenience sampling method due to limitations in the sampling of patients. This study obtained data through a borderline personality test (1984), Beck anxiety questionnaire (1997), and Jones Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire (1968). Data were analyzed using the repeated measure analysis of variance by SPSS.22. The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy had a significant effect on decreasing anxiety (p <0.001), and irrational beliefs (p <0.001). It can be concluded that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy affects irrational beliefs and anxiety in people with a borderline personality disorder.

Communication skills are components of social empowerment that help people deal with daily life difficulties and cope with problem situations. This study aimed to compare the reality therapy approach's effectiveness based on choice theory and acceptance and commitment therapy on female students' communication skills. The present study was semi-experimental with pretest, posttest, and follow-up design with a control group. This study's statistical population included all the female students' high school in Tehran city in the 2019-2020 academic year, and 45 students were considered the sample size in two experimental groups (each group of 15 students) and control (15 students). In this study, collect data communication skills of Queendom (2004). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of covariance, and Bonferroni posthoc using SPSS-24 software. The study results showed that reality therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in post-test and follow-up had a significant effect on students' communication skills (p <0.05). Also, acceptance and commitment therapy had stronger effects than the reality therapy approach based on choice theory in improving communication skills (p <0.05). It can be concluded that the reality therapy approach based on choice theory and acceptance and commitment therapy can be used as a treatment to improve the communication skills of students in educational and therapeutic settings.

Addiction is a condition that is created if a habit is developed in a person to consume substances such as drugs, nicotine, alcohol, or activities.

The present research was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on the psychological capital and temptation of methadone-treated addicts.

The research was of a quasi-experimental type with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all methadone-treated addicts in addiction treatment clinics in Mashhad. From this population, 30 people were randomly selected, and by random replacement, the method was divided into two groups: experimental group (15 people) and control group (15 people). The data collection tool was Luthans's Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) and Wright's Craving Beliefs Questionnaire (CBQ). The data analysis method was performed using univariate and multivariate covariance with the aid of SPSS21 software.

The research findings showed that the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) approach, had a positive and significant effect on psychological capitals and its components (self-efficacy, hope, resiliency, and optimism) (p <0.001). It also had a significant effect on reducing the recurrence temptation of methadone-treated addicts (p <0.001).

Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) can increase psychological capital and reduce the temptation of methadone-treated addicts.

Emotion-regulation is a process that helps to adjust emotions either consciously or unconsciously. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-regulation training on resilience, psychological well-being, and quality of life among mothers having mentally disabled children. The study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population included all mothers having mentally disabled children under auspices of the Welfare Authorities of Bushehr in 2017-18. 30 mothers were selected by convenience sampling method. They were divided into two groups including experimental and control (n1=n2=15). Data collection was conducted using resilience, psychological well-being, and quality of life questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Multivariable Analysis of Covariance as well as SPSS version 26. The results indicated a significant difference between mean scores of resilience, psychological well-being as well as quality of life among subjects of experimental and control groups in the posttest step (p <0.05). Emotion-regulation training seems to be an efficient and promising way due to its nature for treatment and work with mothers of mentally disabled children.