Iranian Journal of Management Studies
Volume:15 Issue: 1, Winter 2022

The present study aimed to determine whether consumers are more likely to buy unhealthy food items when paying with debit cards compared to the time when they pay in cash, analyzing the effects of payment methods on the impulsive purchase of unhealthy products. To this end, the purchase behavior of a sample of 760 consumers was analyzed via a preliminary study and three main studies. To collect the data, consumer invoices, questionnaires, and purchase simulation techniques were used. The findings indicated that even though the participants who were randomly placed in the debit card payment group were aware of the unhealthiness of the food products, they still purchased such products, clearly showing their impulsive behavior. In cash purchases, the number of unhealthy food items in the shopping basket of consumers proved to be lower compared to when the consumers paid with debit cards. Furthermore, paying with debit cards reduced the pain of paying, ultimately raising the purchase of unhealthy food items.

The purpose of the present study was to design a model for developing the personal brand of Iranian sports coaches. The research population in the qualitative section was comprised of professors, experts, and experts in the field of sports marketing and branding along with the professional coaches of Iran. Moreover, the research sample of the quantitative section was made of 253 coaches, managers, athletes, fans, media, and economic and marketing activists, especially in the field of branding. In the qualitative section, article reviews and deep and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. The findings of the qualitative section were compiled in the form of 78 concepts, 22 categories, and 6 dimensions, and indicated that personality, coach’s behavioral approach, communication, market approach, coach’s expertise, performance, and skill, and macro levels are the most important factors influencing the development of Iranian sports coaches’ personal brand. Therefore, coaches, managers, and sports marketers of Iran can rely on these factors and the model of this research to provide the necessary platform for the development of Iranian sports coaches’ personal brand and increase their income and credibility.

The necessity and importance of internal auditing in the Indian listed companies is increasing because of the strengthening of corporate governance practices by regulatory bodies, and the Indian market environment is becoming more competitive. This study attempted to determine some of the critical factors that affect the effectiveness of internal auditing in Indian listed companies. To this end, a sample of 252 Nifty companies was recruited. We mailed questionnaires to the Head of Internal Audit Department, Chief of Accounts, and Chief Executive Officers of the companies. The overall response rate was 29.4%. Companies represented manufacturing, information technology, retail, banking, and financial services. The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that the factors affecting the effectiveness of internal auditing are the competency of internal audit staff and the interaction of internal auditing with audit committee. The study came to the conclusion that institutional theory best explains the effectiveness of internal auditing in Indian context. It thus encourages auditing professionals to develop their core competencies for delivering their services efficiently, and informs them that the continuous interaction with audit committee members will help them to be focused on the organizational performance by improving the IA effectiveness. At the end, the theoretical and practical implications of the study along with the directions for the future research are provided.

Multi-channel marketing causes the customer to lack a unique identity in different channels. This issue overshadows the synergy of the channels in strengthening the positive attitude of the customers. However, an omnichannel marketing strategy can work properly. The main purpose of this study, which was conducted in Agriculture Bank of Iran, was to develop a comprehensive model for calculating customers’ lifetime values, analyzing customers’ behaviors in different channels by association rules data mining, and analyzing the relationship between omnichannel strategy and CLV. First, the association rules in the big data of customers’ banking transactions in different channels were identified using association rules data mining. Then, the CLV indicators were identified and prioritized using interviews, questionnaires, and AHP methods, and the lifetime values of omnichannel and other customers were calculated and compared using t-test. Then, omnichannel customers were categorized based on the association rules and the lifetime values of omnichannel customers of different categories was compared using ANOVA method. Eleven association rules regarding the use of banking channels by omnichannel customers were identified. The results show that there is a significant difference between the lifetime values of omnichannel customers and other customers and the lifetime values of omnichannel customers is 134% more.

The present study attempts to evaluate the challenges of sports businesses in the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and introduce their resilience solutions. This research was qualitative, with the Delphi method used to conduct it. In the first phase, 9 challenges and 88 business resilience strategies were extracted in the form of a questionnaire. In the second phase, these challenges and strategies were provided to the Delphi panel consisting of 18 professors of sports management and sports business managers, who were selected in a purposeful manner through snowball sampling method. Finally, 11 challenges in the two categories of supply side challenges and demand side challenges were identified. In addition, 94 sports business resilience strategies for COVID and post-COVID eras were identified in four categories, namely marketing mix management, process management, organizational resource management, and strategic action management. These operational strategies can save sports businesses from the risk of bankruptcy and exclusion from the sports ecosystem and strengthen these firms for future crises by increasing their resilience.

In real life conditions, the buyers sometimes pay all or a percentage of the product price before receiving it, and the wholesaler sometimes allows them to prepay it at equal intervals. The present study develops a new mathematical model for products with non-instantaneous deteriorating rates by considering consecutive advance payments. In the proposed inventory model, the shortage is consisting of lost sales along with backorders simultaneously. In addition, the model considers the backlogging as totally dependent on the waiting time for the further cycle. In addition, the appropriate conditions to achieve the optimal solutions have been developed, and numerical instances have been provided to verify and evaluate the results and solution method. The useful methods to effectively reduce the annual total cost are provided according to the results of the sensitivity analysis.

Dynamic pricing is a field of research that has gained acceptance in the scientific community and management literature. This paper aims to review the citations made in the literature on dynamic pricing and investigate the development of knowledge of this field of research. Bibliometric methods were used to conduct this study, including scientific mapping of dynamic pricing. VOSviewer software was used for scientific mapping. Five clusters in the co-citation were introduced by giving statistical and graphical information. A conceptual framework of perceived price fairness was presented. The results show a growing trend in dynamic pricing. It has been shown that adequate studies have not been there to identify the variables affecting dynamic pricing and to consider all the dimensions affecting the perceived fairness of price, and fewer studies have been conducted in the field of B2B research. The results of the study show that in all bibliographic fields USA is dominant to other countries. This article is the first bibliographic study in the field of dynamic pricing, and it presents the research gap in this area and directs the perspective of future research. This article is useful for researchers and enthusiasts in the field of dynamic pricing.

Evaluating the efficiency of banks is crucial to orient their future decisions. In this regard, this paper proposes a new model based on dynamic stochastic data envelopment analysis in a fuzzy environment by considering the modern banking indicators to predict the efficiency of banks, which belongs to the category of NP-hard problems. To deal with the uncertainty in efficiency forecasting, the mean chance theory was used to express the constraints of the model and the expected value in its objective function to forecast the expected efficiency of banks. To solve the proposed model, two hybrid algorithms were designed by combining Monte Carlo (MC) simulation technique with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). In order to improve the performances of MC-GA and MC-ICA parameters, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to set their proper values. In addition, a case study in the modern banking industry was presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed model and the effectiveness of the hybrid algorithms. The results showed that the proposed model had high accuracy in predicting efficiency. Finally, to validate the designed hybrid algorithms, their results were compared with each other in terms of accuracy and convergence speed to the solution.

Both workplace deviance (WD) and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) are noted as being discretionary behaviors that are rooted in social exchange and responses to the environment. This study aims to investigate the mediation role of justice sensitivity between communication satisfaction and discretionary workplace behaviors. The statistical population consisted of 650 employees of Guilan Technical & Vocational Training Organization, and the optimal sample was determined by Cochran's formula to be 271. Questionnaires were distributed among the employees using the stratified random sampling method and statistical data were processed using SPSS 19 and Smart PLS 2. The results revealed that communication satisfaction has a positive effect on justice sensitivity, and justice sensitivity has a negative effect on workplace deviance. As well as, communication satisfaction has a direct effect on workplace deviance. So, justice sensitivity has a partial mediator role in significant impression of communication satisfaction to workplace deviance. The findings also indicate the justice sensitivity has a positive effect on OCB. But, communication satisfaction has no a direct effect on OCB. The results of this study yield that justice sensitivity has a full mediator role between communication satisfaction and OCB.

Derivative pricing models use either fixed or variable interest rates at the corporate level to compensate for the devaluation, which results in an estimated accounting profit caused by the cash inflation at the maturity date. These models also fail to take into account the lost opportunity costs, which are considered a deficiency. Accordingly, the present study set out to remove this problem by adding the company’s Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) to pricing models, which is the novelty of this study. The research data was extracted from the Bloomberg Terminal for an eight-year period from 2008 to 2015. The statistical population of the research included the North American and European companies recognized as the reference entities for Credit Default Swaps (CDS) in the given period, and the statistical sample consisted of 125 companies. The data was analyzed using four Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms, namely ANFIS, NNARX, AdaBoost, and SVM. The research results indicated the increased predictive accuracy of the pricing models under scrutiny after adding the ICR. The findings also shed light on the superiority of the intensity model over the structural model in prognosticating the price of CDS contracts.