Journal of Family and Reproductive Health
Volume:15 Issue: 4, Dec 2021

Changes in the gendered division of domestic labour are often assumed to influence childbearing intention, but existing evidence is varied and less examined in the Asian context. This paper aims to investigate the association between the gendered division of domestic labour and the intention to have another child.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Tehran on 455 married women aged 18-40 years who were selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling.

Domestic labour is still a feminine role and the majority of women are satisfied with the division of domestic labour. Women’s satisfaction with the division of domestic labour is a predictor of their tendency to have another child, but the actual division of domestic labour has not a significant effect on women’s desire to childbearing, in the multivariate model.

Women’s desire for having another child is positively impacted by their satisfaction with the gendered division of labour in their household. To achieve more fertility, gender equality in the family and identifying the factors affecting women's satisfaction with the division of domestic labour is suggested.

Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) affects approximately one in a thousand deliveries. Very few studies evaluated PAS risk factors based on their location. In this study, we have investigated the effects of placenta location on placental adhesion-related complications, its risk factors, and outcomes.

We performed a retrospective cohort study of pathology-confirmed cases of PAS from patients with peripartum hysterectomy, at a large educational hospital in Qazvin, Iran, from 2009 to 2019. Placenta location was found by ultrasound reports and intraoperative evaluation. We measured demographic features, basic characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcomes based on placental location including anterior, posterior, and lateral in Placenta Accreta Spectrum. Chi-square, t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to examine the relation of complications, risk factors, and outcomes in PAS.

A review of 70 cases showed the distribution of placenta location as follows: 57% anterior, 27% posterior, and 16% lateral. The mean gestational age at delivery was 35 (33-39) weeks. In 78.6% (n=55) of the patients, an association with placenta previa and in 94/2% (n=66) of cases a history of cesarean section was found, however, it was not significantly correlated with placenta location (p=0.082). We found that surgery duration was significantly longer in patients with lateral PAS (155±38, vs 129.35±33.8 and 133.15±31.5 for anterior and posterior placenta respectively, p=0.09). Patients with lateral PAS also bled more than the remaining two groups (2836 ml for lateral PAS vs 2002 and 1847 for anterior and posterior placenta respectively, p=0.022). Moreover, women with a history of uterine surgery were more likely to have posterior PAS compared to those with anterior and lateral PAS (p=0.035).

Differences in complications, risk factors, and outcomes of PAS based on placenta location may lead to improved diagnosis and decreased morbidity in women.

Subfertility is commonly observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although the causes are not well established, the alteration of the ovarian reserve is thought to contribute to the lower chances of pregnancy. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the ovarian reserve in patients with RA.

Two parameters associated with ovarian reserves such as the antral follicle count (AFC) and the anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) were assessed in 38 patients with RA. We also analyzed the correlation of these parameters with the medication used to treat this pathology and with the illness severity.

The AMH levels in women with RA were comparable to those found on healthy individuals although the RA patients were more likely to have a low AFC. Ovarian reserve and RA were neither influenced by parameters of disease activity nor by the use of medication.

The ovarian reserve in women with RA was similar to that found in healthy individuals.

Kawasaki disease (KD) occurs in five-year-old or younger children. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin plus acetylsalicylic acid therapy on the prevention and treatment of coronary artery lesions and to evaluate the impact of high-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on the hearing of the patients.

In this retrospective cohort study, 31 patients with KD were followed from January 2012 to December 2015. The clinical, para-clinical, color Doppler echocardiogram and audiometry results were evaluated.

Overall, seven cases (22.6%) developed coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) in the acute phase of the disease, of whom only two still had CAA at the end of the treatment (6%). One of the five children with CAA recovery had a delay in the onset of treatment and one of two patients with persistent CAA at the end of treatment was admitted within the first 10 days. There was no evidence-based abnormal liver biochemical test. None of the patients developed sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) on audiometry tests conducted before and after treatment.

Recovery of coronary artery lesions was 71.43% after 28 days of the onset of treatment. The distribution of coronary artery aneurysm was not different in terms of the time of the treatment initiation (P-Value = 0.371). None of the children had a sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) 48 hours and 4 weeks after treatment.

Uterine myoma is the most common benign tumor however with significant distress and reduced quality of life in affected women. Besides, vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for uterine myoma. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplements on the size of myoma in women with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency.

This clinical trial was conducted in a teaching hospital from 2019 to 2020. According to baseline vitamin D level, participants were assigned into two interventional equal groups (vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency) to receive either 1000 IU daily or 50000 IU weekly vitamin D for 12 weeks. The size and location of the uterine myoma were compared before and after the intervention.

Totally, 137 women with uterine myoma were enrolled. Based on baseline vitamin D level, 52 cases had vitamin D insufficiency and 85 cases had vitamin D deficiency. No significant difference was observed in age and BMI in both groups. The location of the subserosal and intramural myoma did not differ, otherwise, the percent of the submucosal myomas were increased significantly (p=0.020) after the intervention. In both groups decreased myoma size otherwise not significant was seen after the intervention (p=0.148 and p=0.664 respectively).

Vitamin D supplementation may not be effective in women with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in the short term to reduce myoma size.

This study aimed to compare women’s body image, sexual function and satisfaction before and after gynecologic cosmetic surgery. The study also aimed to assess women husband’s sexual satisfaction.

This was a pretest-posttest study. A sample of 50 women attending the pelvic floor clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences for gynecologic cosmetic surgery was entered into the study. Surgeries included labiaplasty, clitoral hoodectomy, vaginoplasty, vaginal rejuvenation, anterior and posterior colporrhaphy, perineoplasty, and perineorrhaphy. Women were assessed for the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI), the Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSSQ-F), and Female Sexual Function Inventory (FSFI-6) at two points in time: baseline (one week before surgery) and 3 months after surgery. Similarly, the male partners were assed for sexual satisfaction using the Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSSQ-M). To analyze the data paired samples t-test was applied.

The mean (SD) age of women was 43.36 (8.6) years and the mean (SD) duration of marriage was 22.18 (9.7) years. Ninety-four percent had history of vaginal delivery and 58.7 percent attend surgery due to husband’s sexual dissatisfaction. The results showed that women’s body image, sexual function and couples’ sexual satisfaction improved significantly after gynecologic cosmetic surgery (p ≤ 0.001).

The findings suggest that female genital cosmetic surgery improved the body image and sexual function of women and sexual satisfaction in couples that might lead to a more pleasurable and healthier marital relationship.

The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-syphilis antibodies in Iranian pregnant women who attended antenatal care (ANC) in 21 districts affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (MUI) from April 2017 to April 2020.

In a cross-sectional study in 2020, the data about anti syphilis antibody were collected from electronic health files of pregnant women. Pregnancy specific health package was delivered to Iranian pregnant women in a horizontally integrated network across the country. The electronic health file was used for every Iranian citizen and all health events were recorded by their health care providers in 2016. All health services, particularly laboratory tests that were performed either in public or private laboratories, that were given to pregnant women needed to be recorded in their electronic health files. According to the pregnancy health package, they were screened initially by Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test.

In those years, 70512, 72298, 63272 pregnant women were screened respectively. In these intervals, using the RPR test, no positive cases of anti- syphilis antibody were found.

It seems that syphilis infection among Iranian pregnant women who attended ANC in districts affiliated to MUI has reached the elimination phase.

Sperm donation and hormonal therapy with micro-Testicular Epididymal Sperm Extraction (TESE) for infertility from testicular failure might not always be available in some contexts. We report a successful embryo transfer from the patient-by ‘cumulative sperm collection’ strategy.

A 42 year-old male presented with non-obstructive azoospermia from testicular failure. Hormonal treatments were given along with the patient-initiated ‘cumulative sperm collection’ strategy, which eventually resulted in 17 sperms retrieved. Twelve mature oocytes were selected for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with the retrieved sperms, of which 8 oocytes were successfully fertilized but only two reached the early blastocyst stage; the first embryo transfer was not successful. Another five eggs were thawed and fertilized with the remaining 5 sperms and 3 oocytes were successfully fertilized: Seven cells were grade 3, 6 cells were grade 3, and 3 cells were grade 3. The second embryo transfer was successful, and the term female infant was successfully delivered by cesarean section.

At a center without micro-TESE availability, successful embryo transfer for testicular failure type IV could be achieved by hormonal therapy plus a ‘cumulative sperm collection’ strategy.

This study aimed to investigate the cause of primary infertility in a rare case with unilateral absence of vas deferens.

A 35-year-old man was presented to the Infertility Clinic at the National Center of Maternal and Child Health (NCMCH) with an eight-year history of primary infertility. Clinical examination showed a normal intelligence with a coarse facial appearance and small testicles. Hormonal tests detected elevated levels of prolactin (PRL), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH), and low levels of testosterone. Chromosomal analysis with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed a 46XX with SRY (sex-determining region Y) positive karyotype with translocation of the SRY gene (46XX der(X)t(X:Y)(p11.1:p11.3)(SRY+)). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral seminal vesicles atrophy and agenesis of the vas deferens on the right side, which is rarely found in 46, XX male syndrome.

Although 46XX testicular disorder of sexual development (DSD) cases are rare, multiple aspects of the clinical examinations are important to make an accurate diagnosis and to provide proper genetic counseling and guidance to patients in their long-term management

45, X is a very rare condition that usually results from Y/autosomal translocations or insertions. Here we present an infertile azoospermic man who had 45, X t(Yp;15) karyotype and deletion of AZF (azoospermia factor) gene region.

A 35-year-old infertile azoospermic man with a typical male appearance came for infertility genetic counseling. He was infertile for more than ten years and had short height. High-resolution of metaphase chromosomes of 50 peripheral white blood cells were analyzed for karyotyping. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were done for SRY and AZF gene localization. Karyotyping and FISH analysis revealed 45, X t(Yp;15) karyotype and no mosaicism. More investigation on the Y chromosome revealed no deletion in the SRY region, but AZF a/b/c were deleted. It was revealed that Yp's subtelomeric region but not Yq was translocated to chromosome 15.

This study shows that despite the lack of a complete Y chromosome in this person, the occurrence of secondary male traits is a result of the short arm translocation of the Y chromosome, which contains the (ex-determining region Y) SRY gene. Infertility is also due to the Y chromosomes long arm's deletion containing the AZF gene region.