فصلنامه پژوهش های راهبردی سیاست
پیاپی 37 (تابستان 1400)

In the political systems, competition between political actors with the aim of gaining power and influencing voters ‘decisions, depends on how they market their political activities. The lack of deep understanding of the people image towards the politicians and factors influencing public political and social behaviors create problem in achieving political goals. The purpose of the present study is to create a clear picture of the depth of the minds of the Iranian voters towards the ideal brand of the president in Iran. This research is conducted by a phenomenological approach and in order to determine the conceptual map of the ideal brand of the president has conducted in-depth interviews along with the ZMET technique. It should be noted that the statistical population of the present study is targeted from Iranian over the age of 18 who have at least participated in one presidential election. Also, after conducting 14 interviews, the researcher reached theoretical saturation and a consensus map of the ideal presidential brand was extracted. The central structures included in the consensus plan are: Advanced Iran, Economic Improvement, Development and Culture Improvement, Relaxation, Tourism Attention and Development, Committed, Justice-seeking, Global Communication, Environmental and Pragmatic, which should be included in market campaigns. Presidential policy to increase public participation in elections.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and determine the effect of political marketing mix and brand equity of political parties on voter commitment and loyalty in Iran. The statistical population of this study is eligible citizens in Tehran in 1396. The statistical population of this study is citizens eligible to vote in Tehran. For this purpose, 384 people were selected by available random sampling method. The instrument used in this research was a questionnaire that 14 questions were distributed to measure the political marketing mix, 24 questions to measure brand equity and 2 questions to measure voter commitment and 2 questions to measure voter loyalty were distributed among respondents. The findings were analyzed using LISREL software and the results showed that the political marketing mix has a direct and significant effect on brand equity and voter commitment and loyalty. It was also found that high brand equity can, as a mediating variable, strengthen the relationship between political marketing mix and voter commitment and loyalty.

In heterogeneous cultural-religious systems, recognizing the variables affecting citizens' voting behavior and political participation is vital for good policy-making and management. The issue of research is the analysis of the factors influencing the Turkmen people to vote for the discourse of moderation in the twelfth presidential election. This research was descriptive in terms of orientation, application and type of research and the survey method was used. The statistical population is the citizens of Turkmen ethnic group in Golestan and 344 people were randomly selected as the statistical sample. Reliability and validity of the research instrument were measured using factor load coefficient, combined reliability, Cronbach's alpha, convergent validity and divergent validity. The data were analyzed using Smart-PLS and SPSS software. One-sample t-test and Friedman test were used to test the research hypotheses. Findings show that candidate personality traits, electoral expectations, influence of political-religious trustees, closeness to religious-ethnic ideologies, regional developments in the region and virtual networks had the greatest impact on the Turkmen people's vote for moderation in the twelfth presidential election. The findings of the ranking also show, respectively, election expectations, closeness to religious ideologies, historical factors, global-regional developments, the influence of political-religious trustees, candidate personality traits and virtual networks play the most important role in the tendency of the Turkmen people to the discourse of moderate.

Elections, both for the presidency and the parliament, have played an important role in shaping political discourses and shaping citizenship demands. The purpose of this study is to explain the plan of ethnic demands by members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in the two cities of Urmia and Tabriz in the tenth term. The data required for this study were collected through images, slogans, lectures and interviews. The data collected in this study were analyzed by process tracking method. Findings show that in a political opportunity such as elections, ethnic elites pursue the goal of maintaining their privileged position and mobilizing resources to win elections by resorting to two measures of manipulating symbols and strengthening the feeling of relative deprivation.

The main question of the present study is what kind of national roles did martyr Beheshti consider for Iranian foreign policy? The research hypothesis refers to roles such as Islamic world leadership, supporter of the oppressed, and the struggle against arrogance and colonialism. To answer this question, we used K.J Holsti's theoretical framework and the roles of foreign policy that Holsti identified in his book applied with the views of the martyr Beheshti. For this purpose, two methods of quantitative analysis (frequency counting of indexes related to national roles) and qualitative analysis (interpretation of findings with descriptive-analytical method) were used. The findings showed that among the 16 national roles mentioned by Holsti, the national roles of the anti-imperialist State (131 frequency), the defender of Islam (53 frequency), and the revolution and liberation stronghold (48 frequency) had the highest reflection in martyr Beheshti's interviews and lectures. However, there were no mention of the roles such as regional leader and regional protector; instead, three roles have been assigned by martyr Beheshti for Iran's foreign policy that there was not in the roles mentioned by Holsti. These roles include the anti-Zionist state, the justice-seeking state and the peace-loving state.

recognition his behavior, action and decision making. In fact, although many factors influence a leader's understanding and decision-making process, personal construction undoubtedly have a unique role in the process of understanding, value, and beliefs. Therefore, understanding the representation of the Iranian nuclear case and the decision-making model of this representation would be incomplete without recognizing the personality structure of the leaders in foreign policy. Based on this same issue, the main focus of this article is to identify the influence of Ahmadinejad's personality construction on the path of nuclear confrontation with the West as the opposite. According to this, the question of this article is that, how did Ahmadinejad's personal construction influences the formation and then influences the modeling of the nuclear case? Qualitative research findings in the framework of George Kelly's theory and then applying these findings to the quantitative test, shows that the role of Ahmadinejad's personal construction, while substantially influencing the nuclear case, represents it as a security-identity issue and, accordingly, forms the psychological-value decision based on five principles of construction, dichotomy, choice, modulation, and sociality served as the model of choice. The research method is qualitative and statistical, descriptive and survey (questionnaire).

The recent uprisings in the Arab world that alike the previous ones were started from North Africa (Sudan and Algeria) have limitedly spilled over into Iraqi and Lebanese states; it made one more time necessary for scholars to consider the relations between state and society. In general, the social contract within the Arab world since the post-independence era to Arab uprisings is included in three sections in which the quality of relations between state and society are varied. In other words, the social contract of the Arab world in the modern era (after the First World War) was influenced more by the interests and policies of the major actors in the international environment than by the internal components. In the light of the historical sociological theory of international relations, this article intends to examine the social contract of the Arab world in a historical perspective. In this regard, while focusing on the social contract leading to the Arab unrest, some of the obstacles to the formation of a new and comprehensive social contract in the Arab world will be mentioned.

The political upheaval known as the Islamic Awakening, which has gripped the Arab Middle East since 2011, in one case led to the overthrow of the ruling regime in Libya through Western military intervention. The military intervention came as Gaddafi's foreign policy shifted from an anti-Western orientation to voluntary engagement with the West, and relations seemingly normalized. But despite these changes, the onset of the internal Libyan crisis led to a practical and immediate response by the Western coalition aimed at overthrowing Gaddafi. This study, while theoretically studying Libyan foreign policy in the framework of James Rosena's theory and using a descriptive-explanatory method, seeks to answer the main question of why Gaddafi pursued an interactive and participatory foreign policy with the West in the last decade of his rule. But after the beginning of the popular uprising, the Western countries in the form of NATO began to intervene militarily in this country? The main hypothesis is that despite pursuing a policy of interaction with the West; Lack of trust between the parties and the lack of social, economic and political reforms and the continuation of internal discontent led the Western countries to support the fall of Gaddafi as the crisis in Libya began.

Understanding health is a biological, psychological - social problem and requires complex policy actions and present of a variety of stakeholders in health policy process. In Contrary to the traditional approach to understanding health which was reductionist and medical, new approach is multi-dimensional and the attitude toward health is seen a phenomenon that depends on political, social, economic, cultural, individual and biological variables. New epidemic diseases including Covid-19 are not limited to medicine and must be seen as multi-level issue in a complicated format policy action. The main question of the present article is: what are the strategy principal policy making of confronting with corona? According to descriptive-analytic method and based on malign problem, research findings indicate policy design of confronting with corona must be applied at collaborative approach framework and at health governance frame. Governments must change the way they look at complex and malignant problems. It must change from command and control to leadership. The strategic implications of Corona policy-making are based on a collaborative approach, attention to the socio-historical context, changing the behavior of stakeholders and actors, determining authority, using health diplomacy, inclusive support system, increasing socio-political capital and using technology.