Problems caused by chromosomal abnormalities along with long-term disabilities can have devastating effects on the patient, family, health care system and society. In this study, we have tried to investigate chromosomal abnormalities in people under 18 years of age using the karyotype technique.

In the present study, the cytogenetic results of karyotyping 150 children and adolescents during 2016-1400 after clinical examination and suspected chromosomal abnormalities were investigated. The Harvest test was performed for blood lymphocytes after 72 hours of culture. Then, G-band smearing and staining steps were performed according to the standard protocol and chromosomal analysis was performed according to ISCN 2016.

In the present study, out of 150 suspects examined, only 40 chromosomal abnormalities were confirmed. The mean±SD age of boys and girls with karyotype-confirmed chromosomal abnormalities was 3.87±4.26 and 3.30±4.23 years, respectively. The most common chromosomal disorder was Down syndrome. In this study, 60% of the disorders were some (24 patients) and the remaining 40% were structural (16 patients).

This study showed a relatively high prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in children. The most common of these are trisomy 21 and sex chromosome abnormalities, respectively.

Combined exercise is a suitable and varied activity to control weight and strengthen children's respiratory muscles. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of combined rope and basketball training on body composition and some indicators of pulmonary function of overweight boys aged 10-12 years.

This article was a quasi-experimental study with a pre test-post test design with a control group. For this purpose, 30 overweight male students were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control. Respiratory parameters were measured by spirometry and body composition factors before and after exercise. Subjects participated in a training program for 6 weeks. Data analysis was performed using analysis ANCOVA and dependent t-test in SPSS-20 software.

Exercise intervention in the experimental group caused a significant reduction in weight, fat percentage and body mass index compared to the control group (p<0.05). Forced Vital Capacity and Forced Expiratory Volume in one-Second pulmonary function indices have had a significant increase (p<0.05).

Combined basketball and rope training exercises are effective in improving body composition and increasing the performance of overweight students' lung characteristics.

There is a high prevalence of smoking in individuals with psychiatric disorders. This research was conducted to compare difficulties in emotion regulation in smoker students with and without social anxiety.

This descriptive study included all undergraduate students who smoked at Arak University from 2018 to 2019. The statistical population was all smokers, undergraduate students, at Arak University (Arak, Iran). The purposive sampling method was used to select the research sample. At first, 120 people completed the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Then, based on the cutoff point scores of SPIN (19 to above), two divided groups, including two smoker groups with and without social anxiety (n=30 in each group), were selected and compared in terms of difficulties in emotion regulation.

The results of Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) indicated not a significant difference in the linear composition of dependent variables in two groups (Wilks, lambda= 0.722, F46,6= 2.269, p= 0.053). Univariate analysis of variance indicated a significant difference in the two groups only in the Difficulties Engaging in Goal-Directed Behavior (GOALS) component.

The smoker students with social anxiety have more difficulties in GOALS. Therefore, it is proposed, this difficulty can be reduced using the education of emotion regulation skills.

Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder has negative effects on children's behavior. The aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of field information model and child-parent relationship therapy on reducing ADHD symptoms in children in Isfahan.

The present study was a randomized controlled clinical trial. The statistical population of this study was children aged 5 to 6 and their mothers living in Isfahan in 2018-2019. Thirty patients were selected as a sample by available sampling and then randomly assigned in two experimental groups and a control group were placed. The Pediatric Symptoms Questionnaire (Gadow and Sprafkin, 1984) was used to screen children. Data analysis was performed by univariate analysis of covariance and LSD test with SPSS 22 software.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (F=103.100, p≤0.05). In other words, this program are effective in reducing the symptoms of attention deficit in the post-test stage.

The present study concludes that these program can be used as an effective intervention.

Positive parent-child interactions promote children's social, cognitive, and emotional skills development. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting parent-child interactions.

The present study was conducted with a qualitative method and inductive approach. Participants were parents (15 people) and specialists (3 people) in Isfahan who were selected by purposive sampling method according to the inclusion criteria. Individuals' experiences were assessed using a semi-structured interview tool. Data were saturated with 18 interviews and coded and analyzed by Atridesterling (2001) thematic analysis method.

In the first stage of coding, 79 basic themes were extracted from the interviews. In the second stage, based on the maximum consistency of the obtained concepts were abstracted 15 organizing themes. In the third stage, 4 themes including positive parenting; authoritative parenting; resilience; environmental diversity were identified as comprehensive themes related to the effective factors in positive parent-child interactions. Data validation was performed by the participants' feedback and independent coders methods. Also, in order to validate the topics, a group of experts (3experts) was used and the criteria for determining the accuracy and robustness of the data were reviewed and approved.

The results show that parents' awareness of parenting practices, how to use positive coping strategies, and enrich children by increasing environmental attractiveness, are important and effective factors in improving parent-child interactions. Therefore, it is suggested that these factors be considered in the development of special education programs for parents and children.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between quarantine caused by coronavirus on the irritability of primary school students in district one of Karaj.

The method of this study was correlational and the research population was all primary school students in District 1 of Karaj who were studying in the second semester of the academic 2020-2021. Multi-stage cluster random sampling was selected. Data collection tools were the “Coronavirus Quarantine” and “Irritability” Questionnaires, and the results were analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient using SPSS software version 28.

Findings indicate that Pearson correlation coefficient shows a positive and significant relationship of about 0.33 between quarantine and total irritability (p<0.01, r=0.334). Therefore, it can be said that the higher the quarantine rate of individuals, the higher their total irritability.

Given that students, like other people, overcame difficult coronary limitations, it made them irritable, and it can be said that limitations and external control play an important role in creating this problem.

Academic vitality can play an effective role in students' academic performance; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of executive function training on students' academic vitality and academic performance.

The quasi-experimental research method was pretest-posttest with a control group with a follow-up period. From the statistical population that included all seventh-grade male students in Birjand in the academic year 2019-2020, 40 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (20 people in each group); they answered "academic vitality" and "academic performance" questionnaires. The experimental group participated in 16 sessions of 90 minutes of executive-functional training, but the control group did not receive any training. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24 and analysis of variance with repeated measures between groups.

Executive function training was effective in improving students' academic vitality and academic performance (p<0.01). These results continued in the follow-up period (p<0.01).

The empowerment program based on executive functions can, along with other intervention methods, be effective in improving the vitality and academic performance of students.

Sex addiction is one of the hidden problems that due to the young population of the country, difficult marriage for the young generation and some personality and mental disorders in recent years, more attention has been paid to it and its taboo state as in previous years. is not. In the present study, the relationship between dark personality triads and sexual addiction in female students in Mashhad was investigated.

Present descriptive study includes all female students in Mashhad who due to the prevalence of coronary heart disease using the available sampling method, the dark three personality questionnaires as well as the SAST-T sexual addiction questionnaire. It should be noted that due to the prevalence of the corona pandemic, the questionnaires were provided to the subjects through cyberspace (Telegram, WhatsApp, and email).

The results of this study show that there is a 0.37 relationship between sexual addiction and Machiavellianism, which is a low level according to Cohen's classification, but 0.87 between sexual addiction and anti-socialism and between sexual addiction and narcissism 0.69 there is a relationship that is strong at the Cohen classification level.

According to the obtained data, it can be inferred that there is no significant relationship between sexual addiction and Machiavellianism. But there is a significant positive relationship between sexual addiction and anti-socialism as well as between sexual addiction and narcissism.