نشریه روانشناسی اجتماعی
سال نهم شماره 58 (زمستان 1399)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women around the world, which poses many challenges to professionals, including adherence to ttreatment. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the adherence to treatment among women breast cancer. The research method was semiexperimental with pretest, posttest design and control group with 60-day follow-up. The statistical population of the study included women with breast cancer who referred to Tehran Haft-e-Tir Hospital in 2017, which people 24 from them selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups .Experimental groups received 8 sessions of 90 minutes acceptance and commitment therapy. Two groups filled out the Adherence to treatment questionnaire patients with breast cancer (ADQ) in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Data analysis was performed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Findings showed Acceptance and commitment therapy in comparison with the control group significantly increased the perceived utility component (P <0.05, F = 3.57) of the adherence to treatment at the level of 0.05 and the components, subjective norms (P <0.01, F = 9.101) and intentions (P <0.01, F = 12.824) make it at a significant level of 0.01 mproved. And this improvement continued until 2 months later. The overall result of the research showed that Acceptance and commitment therapy led to improved adherence to treatment in breast cancer patients and was recognized one of the psychological methods in improving adherence to treatment.

The aim of this study was to model adolescent positive development based on self-regulation, social competence and parental bonding. The research method is correlation based on structural equations. The statistical population included all female students of the second year of high school in Tehran, who are studying in 1998-99. Using cluster random sampling method, 400 students were selected. Instruments included: Goldoff Adolescent Positive Transformation Questionnaire (2014), Self-Regulation Questionnaire (2007), Flanner's Social Competence Questionnaire (1990), Parker Parental Transplant Questionnaire (1979). Data were analyzed using structural equation method. Perceptions of social competence can motivate students to engage in transformational tasks and life challenges and desirable conditions, and adolescents with high competence perceptions have appropriate adaptive functions. Therefore, motivational factors such as students' confidence in their abilities can be considered as predictors of positive adolescent development. One of the components of the external dimension and important in the process of positive development of adolescence, which is based on research results, is the parental bond, the family is the first context and context that the student experiences. Overall, the results of this study show that to model the positive development of adolescence, self-regulation, social competence and parental bonding can be emphasized and the obtained model can be used in teaching positive adolescent development. Also, the results of the study showed that the research has a good fit and the positive development of adolescence can be predicted based on the variables of self-regulation, social competence and parental bond and the research hypotheses were confirmed.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between subjective well-being, meta-cognitive skills and tolerance of ambiguity with creativity in Ahwaz Azad University students. This research is descriptive and correlated. The statistical population of this study was all students of Ahwaz Azad University. Samples are randomly categorized among them. The specimen was determined using the Morgan table. Then, through Abedi's inventory questionnaire (1993), a researcher-made questionnaire on cognitive and meta-cognitive skills (Arjomand, (2010), Kayez Subjective Welfare Questionnaire and Magharmo (2003), McLane II Questionnaire (MSTAT-II) McLane (1993) Were studied. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between mental well-being, metacognitive skills and tolerance of ambiguity with creativity in students. Also, the results of regression showed that the prediction of student criminality on the variables of mental well-being, metacognitive skills and tolerance of significant ambiguity. 

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption on successful aging mediated by quality of life in the elderly with type 2 diabetes. The research method is cross-sectional correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of all elderly people aged 60 years and older with type 2 diabetes covered by health centers in Shiraz in 1398, from which 593 people were selected by available sampling method in two stages. In this study, the tools of brief cognitive status test (Fulstein et al., 1975), physical function questionnaire (Bartel, 1965), and for successful aging, social welfare questionnaire (Keys, 2004), spiritual health questionnaire (Polutzon and Allison, 1982). Life satisfaction (Diner, 1985) and quality of life questionnaire (Thomas, 1986) were used, all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. SPSS-V23 and PLS software were used to analyze the data. Structural equation modeling was also used to answer the research hypotheses. Findings showed that the model was confirmed by model fit at the intermediate level. The results also showed that no significant relationship was observed between the variables of body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption and successful aging mediated by quality of life. Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned variables in prevention and designing more appropriate treatments will help researchers and therapists in the elderly with diabetes. Subsequent results of the study showed that there is an inverse and insignificant relationship between alcohol consumption in the elderly with type 2 diabetes and successful aging with mediated quality of life. Among the problems of different countries, especially developing countries, is the association of the phenomenon of population transition with epidemiological transition. In this way, at the same time as passing from a young population with high fertility and death to a population with low fertility and death, by implementing a program to fight infectious diseases and promote education and health, the pattern of community diseases in favor of chronic diseases such as diabetes Has changed.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of social skills training and self-management to educators and parents of preschool children on their theory of mind in Tehran in 1398. The present study was a randomized controlled application with two experimental and follow-up groups and using random assignment of subjects in experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all educators and parents of preschool children in Tehran, from which 60 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups (20 people in each group) and one control group (20 people). N) were assigned. The first experimental group was trained in social skills training for 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the second experimental group was trained in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group remained on the waiting list. The tools used in the present study included theory of mind (Stirmann, 1994), which were used in two stages: pre-test and post-test. Analysis of information obtained from the questionnaire through spss-v19 software in two parts: descriptive and inferential (univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance, repeated measures analysis of variance) Took. Findings showed that both interventions used in this study can significantly mind theory in preschool children. Also, the effect of training social skills and self-management on reducing emotional and behavioral disorders and increasing mind theory over time has been significant. Therefore, these educational services can be used in preschool centers to improve theory of mind in preschool children.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group reality therapy approach on promoting responsibility and resilience of high school students in Tehran. The design of the present study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study with a control group. The statistical population of the study included second female high school students in District 5 of Tehran in the academic year 1398 who were selected by convenience sampling method and were divided into two groups of experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The experimental group received reality therapy therapy for 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group waited for treatment during this period. The data collection method was based on the California Standard Accountability Questionnaire (1951) and the Standard Resilience Questionnaire (Connor and Davidson, 2003). Data analysis was performed from the implementation of questionnaires through SPSS23 software in two descriptive and inferential sections (analysis of covariance). The results showed that reality therapy is effective in promoting its responsibility in students. Reality therapy also affects resilience in students. Therefore, the reality therapy intervention method can increase students' responsibility and resilience. Therefore, group reality therapy helps people to be aware of their previous problems and to examine their behavior, to find the hidden needs behind their behavior, and to be able to have their two basic and inherent needs, namely the need to love and be loved and the need to feel. To satisfy the value, the need to feel loved and loved includes all forms of love, from friendship to parental love. Everyone needs to feel love throughout life. Students in the study, along with the therapist, felt that these factors, along with other healing factors in the group, such as creating hope, generality, information transfer, altruism, psychological evacuation, group solidarity, mimicry, companion learning, and skills development Social has improved accountability.

The purpose of this study was the effectiveness of marital life enrichment training based on emotion-based approach to social health and reducing marital conflicts of couples seeking divorce referring to counseling centers in Bushehr in the first six months of 1399.

This quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with a control group and the statistical population of the present study were 1464 people (732 couples) seeking divorce referred to counseling centers in Bushehr. The sample size was 30 couples who were randomly selected by alternative method and were replaced in experimental and control groups. After performing the pre-test, the experimental group was exposed to marital life enrichment training based on emotion-based approach for 8 sessions of 90 minutes (one session per week). The instruments of the present study were Keys and Shapiro social health questionnaires and Barati and Sanai marital conflicts. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and SPSS 23 software. The results showed that marital life enrichment training based on emotion-based approach improved the components of social health, ie social cohesion, social adjustment, social participation, social prosperity and social acceptance in the experimental group compared to the control group. Also, marital life enrichment training based on emotion-based approach increases child support and has a negative effect on reducing cooperation, reducing sexual intercourse, emotional reactions, reducing family relationships with spouse relatives and separating finances from each other in the experimental group. Witness to the group.

The aim of this research was investigate the role of social problem solving skills and classroom management in predicting job burnout of high school teachers in North Khorasan province. The present study design was descriptive from type of cross-sectional. The study population was the first and second secondary schools teachers of the of North Khorasan province in the 2019-2020 academic years with number of 6762 people. The research sample based on Cochran's formula was estimated 372 people who were selected by multistep cluster sampling method. The research instruments were the questionnaires of D’Zurilla & et al social problem solving skills (2002), researcher-made classroom management and Maslach & Jackson job burnout (1981). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression with enter model in SPSS software version 21. The results of Pearson correlation coefficients showed that social problem solving skills (r=-0/45) and classroom management (r=-0/37) had a negative and significant relationship with job burnout of high school teachers. Also, social problem solving skills and classroom management were able to predict 31% of their job burnout changes, which in this predicting the share of social problem solving skills was higher than classroom management (p < 0/05). The results of the present study showed the effective role of social problem solving skills and classroom management in predicting job burnout of high school teachers. As a result, planning is needed to reduce their job burnout by improving social problem solving skills and classroom management. Therefore, officials and specialists in the field of education can use the results of this research and similar research to design programs to reduce job burnout of teachers and using qualified and capable professors to implement them in the form of in-service courses.

Present research aimed to investigate modeling the social trust based on social intelligence, social identity and social isolation in second period high school students of Tehran city. The research design was cross-sectional from type of correlational. The study population was second period high school students of Tehran city in the 2018-19 academic years. The research sample was estimated 495 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data were used from the questionnaires of social trust (Saffarinia & Sharif, 2013), social intelligence (Tet, 2008), social identity (Saffarinia & Roshan, 2011) and social isolation (Modarresi Yazdi & et al, 2017). Data were analyzed with using methods of Pearson correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling in SPSS-19 and PLS software. The findings of the present study indicate a good fit the model of social trust based on social intelligence, social identity and social isolation in second period high school students. Also, other findings showed that social intelligence and social identity had a positive and significant effect on social trust of second period high school students and social isolation had a negative and significant effect on their social trust (p < 0.001). According to the results of the present research, planning is essential to improve social trust by increasing social intelligence and social identity and decreasing social isolation in second period high school students. For this purpose specialists and curriculum planners can incorporate contents to improve social trust in social studies lesson and other related lessons and school counselors and psychologists through educational workshops should also increase the social trust of second period high school students by increasing social intelligence and social identity and decreasing social isolation.

The aim of present research was determine the role of virtual social networks and interaction patterns of teachers with students in predicting learning strategies of secondary school students. This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The study population was the secondary school students of Babol city in the 2018-19 academic years with number 15300 people, which according to the Cochran's formula the sample size was calculated 374 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collected data used from the Pintrich & DeGroot learning strategies scale (1990), Savita & Liyaqat virtual social network questionnaire (2018) and Wubbels & et al interaction patterns of teachers with students scale (1993). Data were analyzed by methods of Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression with stepwise model in SPSS software version 20 at a significance level of 0.05. The results of analysis showed that virtual social networks and interaction patterns of teachers with students had a positive and significant relationship with the learning strategies of secondary school students. Also, virtual social networks and interaction patterns of teachers with students played a significant role in predicting their learning strategies (p < 0.001). According to the results to improve the learning strategies of secondary school students can increase the rate use of virtual social networks and improve the interaction patterns of teachers with students through workshops.

The aim of this research was predicting social development based on social trust and optimism in faculty members. This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation was a cross-sectional correlational. The research population was faculty members of Islamic Azad Universities of Mazandaran province in 2020 year with number of 1487 people. The sample size based on Cochran's formula was estimated 305 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research tools were questionnaires of researcher-made social development, Afshani and Shiri Mohammadabad social trust (2015) and Scheier and Carver optimism (1985). To analyze data were used from Pearson correlation and multiple regression with enter method tests in SPSS software. Findings from Pearson correlation test showed that social trust and optimism had a significant positive relationship with social development and findings from multiple regression with enter method test showed that social trust and optimism were able to significantly predict social development and were able to predict 32.4% of its changes in the faculty members of Islamic Azad Universities of Mazandaran province that the share of social trust was more than optimism (p < 0.01). According to the results of this study, planning to promote the social development of faculty members is essential by increasing social trust and optimism. Therefore, by holding in-service courses and necessary training can by improving social trust and optimism in faculty members improve the level of their social development.

Present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of premarital training based on interpersonal choices and knowledge program on dysfunctional relationship beliefs of couples in the verge of marriage with conflict. The research design was semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow-up with control group. The research population was couples referred to counseling centers of five districts of Tehran city in 2019 year which from them 30 couples (60 people) were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups. The experimental group underwent 9 sessions of 90 minutes the premarital training based on interpersonal choices and knowledge program and the control group did not receive training. The research tool was the dysfunctional relationship beliefs inventory (Eidelson and Epstein, 1982) and the marital attitude scale (Braaten and Rosen, 1998) and the data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-15 software. The findings showed that the premarital training based on interpersonal choices and knowledge program led to decrease dysfunctional relationship beliefs of couples in the verge of marriage with conflict and the results remained stable in the follow-up phase (p < 0.001). According to the results, the use of premarital training based on interpersonal choices and knowledge program is necessary to improve psychological characteristics, especially dysfunctional relationship beliefs of couples in the verge of marriage with conflict. Therefore, clinical psychologists and therapists can use from method of premarital training based on interpersonal choices and knowledge program along with other educational methods to increase dysfunctional relationship beliefs of couples in the verge of marriage.

The aim of this study was to compare family typology in process and content model in families with high and low resilience. The method of the present study is descriptive survey and the statistical population of the present study includes; 6000 thousand parents of middle school students living in Shiraz in 1398. The sample size was 361 people who were selected by available methods. The instruments of the present study were process and content scales of Samani family (2008) and resilience of Sikbi family (2005). The validity of the questionnaire in the present study was calculated using the correlation coefficients of each question with the total score and showed that all questions have a significant correlation with the total score. Also, the reliability of the questionnaires in the present study using Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the family process self-report scale was 0.66, the family content self-report scale was 0.86 and for the family resilience was 0.95. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Chi-square and SPSS 23 software. Findings showed that there is a significant difference between family species and families with high and low resilience. Also, among the process and content subscales, in healthy and unhealthy families, problem content and problem coping problem have the highest average value and living space has the lowest average value. Therefore, it is suggested that due to the teachability of family process factors by educating families about these factors, a valuable step was taken to reduce family problems and naturally increase parental resilience.

The aim of this study was to investigate the development of a causal model of academic satisfaction based on academic self-confidence and academic optimism through the mediation of metacognitive strategies and its effectiveness on academic Self-actualization of male high school students in Hamadan. This research was conducted in two stages. The research method was descriptive-correlational in the first stage. The second stage was a quasi-experimental research method with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. Using the available sampling method, in the first study, 338 people were selected as the statistical sample size based on Morgan table, and in the second study, 30 people (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group) were selected as the statistical sample size. ) were chosen. The experimental group received 10 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive training. Research tools in this study include the standard questionnaire of student satisfaction (Lent, 2017), the questionnaire of academic self-confidence (Azadi, 1394), the questionnaire of academic optimism (Schennemoran et al., 2018), the questionnaire of academic Self-actualization (Silson and Salasi, 2003) and The questionnaire was metacognitive strategies (Karami, 2015). In this study, structural equation modeling and analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data. It should be noted that these analyzes were performed with the help of SPSS and AMOS software version 23 at the error level of 0.05. Findings showed that academic self-confidence and academic optimism have a significant causal relationship with metacognitive strategies and academic satisfaction. It was also found that the causal relationship between metacognitive strategies and academic satisfaction is significant. Finally, the results confirmed the mediating role of metacognitive strategies in the relationship between these variables. The results also showed that the educational program based on academic satisfaction is effective on students' academic Self-actualization.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of empowerment based on life skills on self-efficacy and academic motivation among adolescents extreme use of social networks.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. All adolescents in the extreme use of social networks in the city of Sistan and Baluchestan formed a statistical population; From which 30 people were selected by available sampling method and were assigned to two experimental groups (15 people) and control (15 people). The data were collected using the Scherer et al. (1982) Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, the Walrand et al.'s Academic Motivation Scale (1992), and the Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire. The subjects in the experimental group received life skills training in 10 sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS software was used for statistical analysis of data. Findings. The results showed that empowerment based on life skills has increased adolescents' self-efficacy. Extreme use of social networks (P <0.01). Empowerment based on life skills has increased intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and decreased unmotivation (P <0.01).

Therefore, empowerment based on life skills is an effective method in self-efficacy and academic motivation among adolescents. Extreme use of social networks. In general, life skills are the abilities that lead to the promotion of mental health in the community, the richness of human relationships, increased health and health behaviors in the community and in this study include skills: decision making, problem solving, creative thinking, critical thinking, Ability to communicate effectively, the ability to build and maintain interpersonal relationships, self-awareness, empathy, coping with emotion and coping with stress. These abilities help a person to deal effectively with conflicts and life situations, and help him / her To act positively and adaptably with other human beings, society, culture and environment and to ensure their mental health.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of existential group therapy on experience and perception of suffering, emotion regulation and happiness in patients with migraine. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all migraine patients in Genaveh city from August 2016 to April 2018 Of these patients, 40 were selected Using the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of existential group therapy and control group. Existential group therapy was performed in the experimental group for 8 sessions of 120 minutes, one session per week, during which the control group did not receive intervention. The research instruments included the Experience and Perception Scale of Schulz (2010), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Garnefski et al (2001), and the Oxford Happiness Scale, Argyle & Lu (1990). To analyze the research findings, statistical analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test was performed by repeated measures at a significance level of 0.05 in SPSS statistical software. The results of analysis of variance showed a significant decrease in the perception of suffering as well as a significant increase in emotion regulation and happiness compared to the control group and this effectiveness continued in the follow-up phase (p < 0.001). According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that existential group therapy is effective in reducing the perception of suffering, increasing happiness, improving emotional regulation in patients with migraine and can improve the quality of life and mental health of these patients Used treatment.