نشریه روانشناسی اجتماعی
سال هشتم شماره 55 (تابستان 1399)

Considering the risks of opium use among adolescents and Need to identify the components and dimensions of these behaviors In order to design appropriate and effective interventions, the aim of this study was conducted to determine the predictors of Opium Use (Individual, family and social) among students. The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population of the study was all male high school students in Isfahan in 1397, who were selected using the cluster random sampling method of 201 people and were evaluated by the drug consumption profile and the drug status status questionnaire. The research instruments included the standard questionnaire of drug consumption profile (Mohammadkhani, 2007) and the questionnaire on the status of drug use (Mohammadkhani, 2006). Data analysis results were performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. The results correlation coefficient showed that were significant positive correlation betweenOpium Use in a lifetime with components Attitudes toward drug use, hopelessness, sensation seeking, impulsivity, family conflict, parental attitudes to drugs, family monitoring, irregularities social environment, a sense of commitment to school and school psychosocial environment of profile of risk use drug (p<./05) .Also the resultsStepwise regression analysis showed that Components of attitudes to drug usepredictive variance Opium Use in a lifetime with components to explain the 47 percent. Also attitudes toward drug use and hopelessness 17 percent of variance the opium use in the past month and 17 percent of variance the opium use in the past 12 monthpredictive and explain. According to the resultscan be saidopium Use by adolescents is a multi-factor and multi-level and Major factors determining there are At multiple levels: individual, social and family that Should for intervention, prevention, control opium are be considered.

In the present study, the comparison of the sociological effects of behavior and social exchange style in cancer and heart patients with normal individuals was compared.

The research community included cancer patients who had visited the offices of oncologists and cardiologists; 90 people were randomly selected and they were randomly divided into 3 groups of 30. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (one-way analysis of variance and follow-up test) were used. Individuals responded to Liebmann's (2011) and Pan-Socialism (2002) social exchange style questionnaires.

There was no significant difference between the social exchange style of people with heart disease and cancer and normal people. But there is a significant difference between the socialization of people with heart disease and cancer and that of normal people.

By recognizing the characteristics of socialization and its negative effects, and recognizing the desired social exchange style, we can take a step towards the recovery of chronic patients with gastrointestinal cancer and heart patients. Keywords: social exchange style, socialism, gastrointestinal cancer and heart disease.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between attitude to creativity and social intelligence with academic performance and social performance in primary school students. The statistical population of this study consisted of all girl primary school students in Ahvaz in the 2019 academic year. To conduct this research, 250 students were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. Research tools: The Tromso's Social Intelligence Scale (2001) , the Scheffer's Creativity Assessment Scale (1991) , the Social / Adaptive Social Performance Scale of Price et al. (2004) , and academic performance were measured by teachers according to students' academic performance. In this study, the data were analyzed by the focal analysis method by SPSS software version 23. The results showed that the attitude towards creativity has a positive and significant relationship with academic performance (P <0.01) and social performance (P <0.05). The relationship between social intelligence and academic performance (P <0.01) and social performance (P <0.01) is also positive and significant. There was also an interpretable central relationship between attitudes toward creativity and social intelligence and academic performance and social performance. Given that the predictor variables of individual characteristics and the variables of students' academic and social characteristics are measured in a general explanation, we can say that the individual characteristics of individuals and the combination of social intelligence and creativity, in general, can be subdivided. Predict their education and social status.

The aim of this study is to compare the aesthetic schemas of people aged 20-16 to 55-60 years based on age and gender. The method of this research was of comparative causal type. The statistical population included all men and women aged 55-60 and boys and girls aged 16-20 in Tehran in 2019 to 900,000 people who were selected using random cluster sampling method from 22 districts of Tehran to 400 people. Were. In this study, the researcher-made questionnaire of age and gender-related aesthetic schemas (Bahrami et al., 2018) was used. The statistical method of this research is independent T-test. The findings showed differences in aesthetics schemas in people aged 16-20 and 55-60 years. Beauty schemas (F=7/962, (P<0/05), Beauty Criteria (F=18/867, (P <0/05), Face and Face Members (F=5/114, (P<0/05), Limb (F=5 /211, (P <0/05), clothing and accessories (5 / 166, P <0/05).). Also between the aesthetic schemas of people aged 16-20 and 55-60 years in There is a significant difference between the two sexes, and there was a significant difference between girls and boys in addition to the general criteria of beauty. Beauty schemas (F=1.715, P<0.05), general criteria of beauty (F=9.217), P>0/05), face and facial organs (F= 0.056, P <0.05), limb (F= 0.336, P <0.05)), clothing and accessories (F= 3.369, P< 0/05). Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the reason for the difference in the aesthetic schemas of 16 to 20 and 55 to 60 people in both sexes is that the beauty criteria in terms of adolescents and young people should be in line with fashion, and basically this Schemas are more common among younger people than older people, which could be due to the proliferation of social networks and the Internet in today's younger generation.

The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of matrix treatment and modern group reality therapy on self-control and social adjustment in methamphetamine-dependent men treated with buprenorphine. The present study was experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population consisted of all methamphetamine-dependent men receiving maintenance therapy with buprenorphine referred to Tehran Drug Addiction Treatment Centers in winter 1977. Forty-five individuals were selected by purposive sampling and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. At first, self-control and social adjustment were assessed through the Tanji self-control questionnaire and Bell's social adjustment questionnaire. The first group received matrix therapy and the second group received group reality therapy; the third group received only buprenorphine maintenance therapy. The variables were evaluated again at post-test. The results showed that both treatments were effective on self-control and social adjustment (P <0.01). Also, the difference between the effectiveness of the two treatments was significant (P <0.01) and matrix treatment had more effect on social adjustment. But there was no significant difference between the efficacy of the two treatments on self-control. Given that the matrix model is a combination of cognitive-behavioral programs, coping skills, family education, and support groups, it is recommended to be used in the treatment of methamphetamine-dependent patients.

The homelessness is one of the important concepts related to non-native students, which is always affected by various factors. The purpose of this study was the Structural Equation Model Fitness of Homesickness Based Resilience with mediating of Emotional and Social Adjustment in Non-Native Students.The purpose of this study was fundamental and in terms of descriptive method of structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all non-native undergraduate students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in the academic year 2017 that total of 245 people were selected by non-random sampling method as a sample size. Research tools were Utrecht Homesickness Scale (UHS), Conner and Davidson Resiliency Questionnaire (CD-RIS) and Bells adjustment Scale (BAS). Data were analyzed by Frequency index, mean, Standard Deviation, Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling method in SPSS-25 and AMOS-24 software. The results showed that direct paths resilience to homesickness, resilience to emotional and social adjustment, emotional and social adjustment to homesickness, and indirect pathways to resilience to homesickness were mediating by emotional and social adjustment is significant. The results of this study emphasize the importance of mediating role of emotional and social adjustment in Relation between resilience and homesickness.

The aim of this research was determine the effect of positive couple therapy on marital happiness, marital intimacy and social anxiety of divorce applicant couples. The method of present study was semi-experimental with pretest and posttest design with control group. The research population was divorce applicant couples referring to counseling centers of Varamin city in summer season of 2019 year, which 30 couples were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups (each group 15 couples). The experimental group received 12 sessions of 90-minute the positive couple therapy and the control group didn’t received training. The research tools were the questionnaires of marital happiness (Azreen & et al, 1973), marital intimacy (Walker & Thompson, 1983) and social anxiety (Connor & et al, 2000). Data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance method in SPSS version 24 software. The findings showed that the experimental and control groups in the pretest stage there was no significant difference in terms of marital happiness, marital intimacy and social anxiety (P>0.05), but in the posttest stage there was significant difference in terms of all three variables. In the other words, positive couple therapy led to increased marital happiness and marital intimacy and decrease social anxiety of divorce applicant couples (P<0.05). Regarded to the effect of positive couple therapy in improving the characteristics, it is necessary to using it by family psychologists and therapists to improve the characteristics of marital happiness, marital intimacy and social anxiety of divorce applicant couples.

This research aimed to comparison the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment focused therapy and compassion focused therapy on loneliness. Present study was a semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with control group. The research population was type II diabetes patients referred to central clinic of Ajudaniye of Tehran city in 2018 year. The research sample was 45 people who were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided in three 15 people groups. One of the experimental group trained eight sessions of 90 minutes with the methods of compassion focused therapy and acceptance and commitment focused therapy and the control group was placed on the waiting list for training. The research tool was the version-3 of Russell’s questionnaires of loneliness. Data were analyzed in SPSS-21 software and by repeated measures method. The results showed that both methods of compassion focused therapy and acceptance and commitment focused therapy in the post-test led to decrease loneliness in type II diabetes patients and treatment results were maintained in the follow-up (P0/05). According to the results, it is recommended that therapists and clinical psychologists used from mentioned methods to decrease the loneliness.

The aim of present research was predicting divorce tendency based on need to love and survival, sexual awareness and sexual perfectionism in couples divorce applicant. This study was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The Research population was couples divorce applicant of Isfahan city in 2018-19 years. The research sample was 670 people who were selected by available sampling method. To collect data used from subscales of love and survival from basic psychological needs scale (Salari & Sahebi, 2004), sexual awareness scale (Snell & et al, 1991), subscale of sexual perfectionism from relationship beliefs inventory (Edelson & Epstein, 1982) and researcher-made divorce tendency questionnaire. To analyze the data used from methods of Pearson correlation and multiple regression with enter model in SPSS software version 22. The findings showed that the need to love and sexual awareness had a negative and significant relationship with the tendency to divorce and sexual perfectionism had a positive and significant relationship with the tendency to divorce (P0/05). Also, need to love, sexual awareness and sexual perfectionism significantly were able to predict 13/3% of the changes in tendency to divorce in couples divorce applicant (P

Present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of intimate relationship skills training on marital relationship transparency and divorce tendency in divorce seeking couples. Present study was a semi-experimental with a pretest, posttest and follow-up design with control group. The research community was divorce seeking couples of Alborz city referred to Hami Khanevadeh counseling center in 2019 year. The research sample was 20 couples who after reviewing the criteria for entering study were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups. The experimental group trained intimate relationship skills for 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group didn’t received training. Data collected with the scales of marital relationship transparency (Saeedifard & et al, 2016) and divorce tendency (Rusbult & et al, 1986) and in the SPSS version 20 software analyzed by repeated measures method. The results showed that intimate relationship skills training led to increase marital relationship transparency and decrease divorce tendency in divorce seeking couples and training results were maintained in the two months follow-up stage (P<0/05). Based on the results the use of intimate relationship skills training method to improve the lives of divorce seeking couples, it is recommended to increase the marital relationship transparency and decrease the divorce tendency.

This research aimed to presenting a model of social intelligence and business intelligence on quality of life with mediated role of risk management in North Khorasan teachers. Present study was a cross-sectional from type of correlation. The research population was North Khorasan teachers in academic years of 2018-19. The sample was based on Cochran's formula estimated 374 people, which were selected by multistep cluster sampling method. The research instruments were the standard questionnaires of Tromso social intelligence (Silvera and et al, 2001), business intelligence (Popovic and et al, 2012) and risk management (Bilandi, 2015) and researcher-made quality of life questionnaire. Data were analyzed with using correlation coefficients and structural equations in SPSS and LISREL software. The findings showed that social intelligence and business intelligence had a positive and direct effect on risk management, social intelligence, business intelligence and risk management had a positive and direct effect on quality of life and social intelligence and business intelligence with mediated of risk management had a positive and indirect effect on quality of life (P<0.05). Therefore, risk management was a good mediator between social intelligence and business intelligence with quality of life. As a result, to improve quality of life of teachers can be improved their social intelligence, business intelligence and risk management.

This study aimed to predicting emotional maturity based on attachment styles and social adjustment. This study was cross-sectional from type of correlation. Among the adolescents boys of Zanjan city in 1398 year, number of 200 people were selected as sample with available sampling method. To collect data used from the questionnaires of emotional maturity (Singh and Bhargava, 1991), attachment styles (Collins and Reid, 1990) and social adjustment (Bell, 1961) and to analyze data used from methods of Pearson correlation and multiple regression with enter model in SPSS version 19 software. The findings showed that secure attachment style (r=0.37) and social adjustment (r=0.29) had a positive and significant relationship with emotional maturity and avoidance (r—0.40) and ambivalent (r=-0.44) insecure attachment styles had a negative and significant relationship with emotional maturity. Other findings showed that attachment styles and social adjustment were able to significantly explain 33.6% of emotional maturity changes of adolescents boys (P<0.05). Based on the results, it is recommended to increase the emotional maturity of adolescents boys through workshops, especially parenting workshops can increase secure attachment style and social adjustment and decrease avoidance and ambivalent insecure attachment styles.