پژوهشنامه نهج البلاغه
پیاپی 35 (پاییز 1400)

Etrat Tahere (pure family of the Prophet (peace be upon them)) is one of the invaluable commemorations of the Holy Prophet and among the important issues that can be examined in the words of Imam Ali (pbuh). Knowing and introducing Etrat (peace be upon them) to others and referring to their virtues in Naj ul-Balaghah has a particular importance in Nahj ul-Balaghah and can help Muslims to know Etrat because knowing them and introducing them to others is among the important Islamic duties and any Muslim is to know the Prophet’s executor and successor after knowing Allah the Almighty and the Prophet. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to analyze and recognize the characteristics of the Prophet’s family in Nahj ul-Balaghah using an analytical descriptive method. Considering the extensiveness of the issue, six sermons of Nahj al-Balaghah including sermons numbered 2, 87, 97, 138, 147 and 152 were examined and analyzed as the main framework of the study. The results showed that Imam Ali (pbuh) has referred to the high position of the Prophet’s family in different parts of Nahj ul-Balaghah; these references can be classified under ‘the virtues of the Prophet (pbuh)’, Imam Ali (pbuh), Imam Mahdi (pbuh), Ahl ul-Bait (the household of the Prophet (pbuh)) and the Prophet’s family (peace be upon them). The importance Imam Ali (pbuh) gives to this issue is indicative of the high position of this family in ethical, belief, scientific and political aspects, which shows a real picture of the family, on the one hand, and their legitimacy, on the other. Knowing the Prophet’s family is so important, according to Imam Ali (pbuh), that entering paradise is special to those who know them rightfully and entering the hell is special to those who deny them.

The variety of parables and parable-like stories of Nahj al-Balaghah is of great significance from a stylistic and linguistic point of view, along with the religious, educational and moral functions such stories serve. The effectiveness of these literary genres is evident in their richness of themes, creating images, highlighting meaning, and showing the cultural and intellectual identity of the time. These seemingly short and independent phrases are semantically related to the other elements of the text, whose literary and cultural meaning could be analyzed through cognitive semantics. The present study applies a cognitive analysis of the types of imaginary schemas of these concise expressions in Nahj-al-Balaghah. To fulfill this aim, the selected proverbs were analyzed based on the model presented by Evans and Hans. The results indicate the existence of schemas of space, force, containment, balance, and locomotion, among which the schemas of space and containment were significantly frequent. There is a direct relationship between the frequency of imaginary schemas and the rate of animal names, elements of nature, human activity, and human organs in these parables. Addition of space and locomotion to these abstract phenomena leads to more effective communication and greater understanding of such concepts.

The actions of the elites governing the formal structure of power are important issues in political science, and the theoretical knowledge of politics is four aspects of government, including public, private, ideological and repressive. The purpose of this article is to identify the political actions of the rulers in Islamic and Shiite thoughts. The Islamic discourse of the government and the political actions of the ruling elites can be retrieved from the bio political experience of Imam Ali and its codification in Nahj al-Balagha. Qualitative content analysis method was used to examine the text. The findings showed that five political actions such as economy policy- making, peaceful method of dispute resolution, national security, consultation with others and informed about country and actions within the framework of religious ethics are important.

The syntax of a passive text differs dramatically from that of an active text because of the type of sentences (noun and verb) and the type of verbs used (plural, necessary, known, unknown, etc.) and how they are used. They are different in each. A stylist, by analyzing these things, can discover the speaker's point of view through his words. Light grammatical voice is one of the syntactic layer variables that help him to achieve this goal. The grammatical voice describes the state of the participant (active, passive, etc.) during the event or the state of the current process. Active and passive sounds are the most common grammatical sounds in most languages. This research uses descriptive-analytical method to investigate the two voices mentioned in verse 221 and the letter of Nahj al-Balagha. The results of the study show that in passage 221 which deals with the expression of human states on the eve of death and in the limbo world, the passive grammatical voice has a higher frequency, but in letter 69 that Prophet Ali (pbuh) as leader and ruler of society Islam, spelled it out in the form of a code of ethics to its government agents, has a more active voice. The passage of the passive voice in the sermon reflects the compulsive and enforced view of the Imam (AS) against the mysterious phenomenon of death. It is worth noting that the context and context of the text and its subject play an important role in determining the type of grammatical sound.

The relationship between ethics and politics is one of the important issues in the history of political thought. Here is the fundamental question: “Is power and It's retention Important?”vice versa“Are values and moral principles important?”This article examines the approach of Imam Ali( p.h) to this issue on the documentary-analytical method in Nahj al-Balaghah. The scope of study is all sermons, letters, and sayings which have a political and ethical themes.Research findings show that justice, freedom, rights and law are fundamental values in Alavi government and critical thinking, power controlling, collective rationality, tolerance and public awareness are of the important factors in providing these components.In contrast, oppression, despotism, and arbitrary behaviors are anti social and political values. the most important contexts of them are: flattery, power abuse, oppression, poverty of knowledge, and irrationality.The final conclusion of this study consist of these statements: 1. The improvement of the relationship between state and people and the political and social stability depend on the realization of the first parts of these dualities.2. The negative aspects of these dualities, threaten and destabilize the society.3. The goal of the government should be improving moral principles.4. The use of collective rationality and human experience in governance are of the fundamental principles. 5. The victory of immoral politics is a sign of the destruction of politics and society.

Self, or the truth of man, has different aspects of being has always been investigated in the religion and mysticism. The religious teachings are the exact criterion for the definition of humanity; because it has been considered all aspects of his being and taught man the right way of life. This article which has been done by a descriptive analytical method, the aim was to study one of the most important epistemological topics in the field of religion and mysticism, namely self-scrutiny in Nahj-ol-Balaghe and Attar's couplet-poems. Much of the epistemological topics has been affected by the religion because he grows in the Islamic culture. In Attar's words like imam Ali's words in Nahj-ol-balaghe. The findings of the study show that Attar, like Imam Ali attributes human authenticity to the spiritual dimension of man, which is in essence opposed to the Physical body. In the struggle between the human spirituality and his corporeality, the extent of one's humanity becomes apparent. In Nahj-ol-Balaghe, this humanity is referred to as the heart, and Attar calls it the pure soul. It is essential for human heart health to know the path to perfection and to know what helps or disables it. Also these works believes that contemplation and God's saints are as development and perfection factors and ego, Satan and world are the main obstacles to human perfection.

One of the most important principles and one of the basic components in Islamic government is the issue of transparency. Transparency is a category that strengthens the relationship between government and individuals in society. The roots of the concept of transparency can be found in the Alawite teachings, especially during the short period of his rule; Because he considered transparency in the government a necessity. Therefore, in this research, this issue has been the basis of analysis from the point of view of Imam Ali (as) in Nahj al-Balaghah and has been explained according to the designed conceptual framework that he believes in order to achieve this realization and principle in governance. That the ruler and ruler of the Islamic society should use tools such as honesty and frankness with the members of the society under any circumstances; Legalism and the rule of law; Kindness and tolerance towards the members of the society and avoiding violence, and avoiding artificial behavior and modesty. Society is full of perfection and happiness.