فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگ - ارتباطات
پیاپی 55 (پاییز 1400)

Before the beginning of modern era and the amazing development of mass communication technology, art was considered and interested by thinkers. However, after the development of mass media and the development of literature in the field of culture and communication, the category of art, culture and communication was neglected and. caused many problems. This study tries to examine the relationship between three categories of art, culture and communication by studying some of the existing conceptual and theoretical structures. At the beginning, the concepts of "art", "culture", "communication" and "culture and communication" have been studied, and then the views and opinions of thinkers such as Heidegger, Benjamin, Nasr, Avini and Madadpour were investigated in the context of the relationship between these categories. For the conclusion, two descriptive and prescriptive approaches were performed and the approach of "Cultural Artistic Communication" was suggested as a desirable relationship between the categories.

Gaining physical health in today's world requires learning and increasing the level of public knowledge which depends on the media. Health literacy is a set of cognitive and social skills which determines people's motivation and ability to obtain and access information, understanding and using them to promote and maintain people's health. The importance of the interaction between media literacy and physical health literacy is so delicate that it will lead to the health or unhealthiness of a person. The present study was conducted in the statistical population of citizens over 18 years old in the city of Bandar Abbas with sample size of 384 people, using questionnaire and survey technique. Survey was analyzed  through SPSS and Smart PLS and the foundation of communication, the dimensions of media literacy and physical health literacy were studied. Findings indicate that between media literacy (0.36) and its dimensions namely information evaluation (0.42), information composition (0.32), purposeful use (0.37), information exchange (0.28) and using media (0.26) has a positive, direct and significant relationship with citizen health literacy. Therefore, all the research hypotheses are rejected. The results of the structural equation model (Smart PLS) also showed that the overall effect of independent media literacy on citizens' health literacy is 0.50.

Lifestyle journalism, due to its diversity, Audience-friendly and growing trend, has a high status and importance in today's journalism. Meanwhile, the media system and the cultural and social context of any society are important variables that play a determinative role in the amount, nature and method of using this type of journalism. Therefore, the present article measures the frequency of use of various topics in lifestyle journalism in the country's news sites. Afterward analyzes in more depth the nature and characteristics of each category. The research method in the first part is quantitative content analysis and in the second part, qualitative type has been used. The population of the study was the news published in five popular news sites in the country (based on Alexa ranking) including Tabnak, ISNA, Young Journalists Club, Jamnews and Fars in the second half of 2018. The sample size was /10 of the statistical population, i.e. 18 days, and were selected systematic randomization. The research findings show that in the study period, 2535 articles were published in the content of lifestyle journalism, and the YJC. , Tabnak, Jamnews, Fars and ISNA have published the most and the least content in this regard, respectively. Overall three categories of "health", "religion" and "individual technology" are ranked first to third, respectively. But findings from qualitative content analysis show that lifestyle journalism in the studied news sites can be shown in a range that includes religion and health on the one hand, and celebrities' lifestyle, fashion, and beauty on the other.

The propaganda of the religion is a process of communication between people and the clergy with the aim of promoting religious teachings; and various types of communication disorders will be an effective obstacle in this regard. Identifying them from the sociological perspective of communication can provide an appropriate version to improve the quality of religious preaching. The conceptual framework of this research is based on the “meaning source” model, which deals with the communication process and its disorders. Having employed the method of Sandelowski qualitative description and conducted deep interview with the elite Islamic preachers, the researchers described the disorders in Islamic preaching. The field of research was all the clerics whose clerical effort was evaluated in the Islamic Propagation Office every year. The sample selection included 21 elite preachers who had honored in two conferences of “Preaching Excellence”. Based on the representation of the data, the abandoned concepts of verses and narrations, the subjective interpretation and misreading were categorized as “Avoiding the Koran” as well as the concepts of dreamer preachers, superstition generation, dervishism and miraculous dignity creation categorized as “dreaming and superstition”. The participants also described the concepts of content, general and temporal stereotypes under the category of “preaching stereotypes”; and the concepts of society-avoidance, function-avoidance, and system-avoidance under the category of “individual religion.”.

The issue of present study is to present a model for the role of social networks in informational cycle of news agencies, with emphasis on Irna and France-Presse news agencies. This research was conducted using Delphi's deep interviewing method. The research population was journalists that among them, 18 person were selected as sample, using snowball sampling method. In order to analyze the obtained information, coding method  was used . The finding showed that social networks are the tool to serve news agencies. In fact, with relevance to content or news topic, the news agencies take advantage of the various news packages on social networks, which are far from official news packages. Also, based on the results, news agencies and social networks have media overlap. According to the results, it can be said that news agencies should pay attention to news values and news writing, so as not neglect developments in the field of journalism.

After being theorized by the related authorities in the field, the concepts of social and cultural capital are now used for various analyses and explanations in the humanities. The present research intended to investigate the impact of parents' social and cultural capital on the social skills of junior high school students in Shahreza County (Isfahan Province) in the academic year of 2018-2019. Questionnaires were used as research tools. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, the sample size for the statistical population (n=386) was determined based on Morgan table. The standard questionnaires were the Social Skills Rating System (Gresham & Eliot, 1990) (with the four components of self-control, empathy, assertiveness, collaboration) and the Cultural Capital Questionnaire (with the components of objective, subjective and institutionalized capital) and the Social Capital Questionnaire (with the components of communication with others inside and outside the family and the internal and external family structure) (Akbari et al., 2014). Reliability of the questionnaires measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.86. The findings of this study indicated that there were significant relationships between the parents’ social and cultural capital and the students’ social skills (r=0.69 and p = 0.000 and r = 0.39 and p = 0.000, respectively). Results of the structural equation modeling (SEM) using the Amos software also showed that social and cultural capital was able to explain the social skills (i.e., the criterion variable, R2 =0.46).

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the cultural programs of University of Qom in training students from the perspective of professors and students in the academic year of 2018-19. This study was done by descriptive survey and analytical method. The statistical population consisted of all undergraduate female students and female professors in University of Qom. Subjects were selected from professors and students, that with purposive sampling 152  female professors and 357  female students were selected by random quota sampling. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire of cultural activities of the university that its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed by SPSS  software version 23 using T-test, ANOVA and LSD tests. Students believed that the role of cultural programs in training students was moderate, which was more than average in religious, moral and social training, moderate in political training, and less than average in cultural/artistic training, respectively. Also, from the professors' point of view, the role of university's cultural programs in training students was less than average, which has had a less than average effect on religious, social, political, and cultural/artistic training. Cultural planning is a tool for achieving cultural development and it is the most important tool for achieving sustainable development. It is necessary that the university's cultural programs be linked to the needs and interests of the students in order to increase the effectiveness of these programs.

The study of historical documents is always interesting, because the past is the mirror of the future, especially the recent past, and it also shows its most critical moments, and by projecting the trend, a model can be drawn for the future. One of the distinctive and prominent periods in the history of nations is the period of war. Wartime distinguishes human beings, and those involved in them walk in the ideal state as ritualists. In fact, war is a "community" or "social drama" in which the main actors are fighters. The crystallizers of war, especially in the form of defense, become so immersed in their role that some of them are consciously martyred. Martyrs of war usually have a transcendental mission and write a public will. Writing political-social wills is not common in other times, but war veterans mostly write wills. In this article, using the method of content analysis, we examine the wills of the martyrs of Qom and are led to the conclusion that during the time of the holy defense, the situation becomes so mythical and dramatic that the martyrs identify with the story of Karbala with "Abrahamic tendency". They consider themselves the companions of Imam Hussein (pu) and Imam Khomeini (hu) as Hussein Zaman (contemprory Hosein) and the enemy of Khomeini (hu) as Yazid. Therefore, most of the content reflected in the wills is the words and biography of Imam Hussein (pu). As Shahid Avini believed, anyone who wants to know the martyrs should read the story of Karbala.

Giddens's structuring theory has the appropriate capacity to explain social phenomena over other theories. Going through each of the structuralist and individualist theories, he neglects both the necessity of rigidity and the complete freedom of human action and emphasizes the equality of each. The main question of this study is that what is the impact of the role of waqf culture and its function on the formation of Tabriz market? This article is based on a historical-interpretive method. The information was collected through library and field studies and the study area is the traditional market of Tabriz. The results show that the beginning of the formation of the Tabriz market dates back to the early centuries of Islam's arrival in Iran. The results also show that Muslim activists have used the "rules and resources of waqf " in times and places to construct the Tabriz market and have been building the Tabriz market over the years. As for the function of the waqf, it can be said that the most important function of the waqf is the reproduction of Islamic values and norms and their continuation over many centuries. Finally, it must be said that Muslim activists are influenced by peripheral constructions, especially Islamic values and norms. And again, the institution is dedicated to their actions.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of social influence processes in the widespread use of social networks with the mediating role of behavioral intention. The research method was descriptive-survey with causal approach. The study population consisted of all students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz. 379 students were selected randomly. The research tool was the Infinedo (2016) questionnaire which included dimensions of social media use, enjoyment, social influence, and behavioral intention. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23 and Emos. The results showed that the variables of use and enjoyment and social influence had a significant effect on the behavioral intention of using social networks and behavioral intention had a significant effect on the relationship between use and enjoyment and social influence on students' pervasive use of social networks. Use and enjoyment theory dimensions including utility value, self-value, entertainment value, personal relationships and social promotion, as well as social influence processes including adaptation and identification have a significant effect on students' behavioral intention to use social networks, but the effect of internalizing variable Behavioral intention was not endorsed by social influence processes.

Literature and criticism were enhanced and developed during the 20th century, in addition to the remarkable advancement of technology and the multiplicity of inventions and discoveries in scientific fields. The upsurge of current literary theory has become something of significant phenomenon in contemporary literature, emerging as formidable force in interdisciplinary subjects. “Literary theory” is the body of ideas and methods we use in the practical reading of literature. By literary theory we refer not to the meaning of a literary work, but to the theories that reveal what literature can make sense. Literary theory is a description of the underlying principles, one might say the tools, by which we attempt to understand literature. All literary interpretation draws on a basis in theory but can serve as a justification for very different kinds of critical activity. The theory of literature has been changed during 20th century and presented new criteria. Such criteria have been changed constantly and very quickly. This study tries to examine and criticize such theories and to what extent they are permanent or temporary. There has been an essential question whether critical literature theories are able to present themselves in logic structure? Therefore, this paper has applied three literature theories such as formalism, constructivism, and post constructivism by using descriptive and analytic approach as mythology.

In order to obtain financial success, the risk of investment is very high, especially in short-life products like a movie. In the previous studies, linear and static models have been used to analyze the dynamics of this industry but because of their linearity, these models were not capable of analyzing the realities of the complexities and dynamics in the movie industry. Due to the tremendous importance of movie income for their investors, this research used a system dynamics model to forecast and evaluate the financial success of movies in the Iranian media market. By scrutinizing of the previous researches, as well as through in-depth interviews with six cinematic experts, this study extracts all the factors that may affect the sale of movies and evaluates the relationships between them. Results indicated that the most critical factor affecting the sale of a movie is the recognition of the target audience and to increase the success of a movie at the box-office, it is not necessary to spend much money for the presence of expensive stars. However, other factors, such as film marketing, holidays, critics and users' review and genre, have a significant impact on the success of selling these media products in movie theaters. Taken together, the theoretical and practical implications of this research in the field of cinema industry are discussed.