مجله آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
سال دهم شماره 1 (پاییز 1400)

In recent years, climate change has affected the agricultural sector worldwide as well as Iran. Farmers in each region have a different understanding of these changes, and many factors influence their perception. The purpose of this descriptive study is to evaluate farmers' perceptions and factors affecting their perceptions. The statistical population was all 83261 farmers’ households in Zanjan province. Using the Krejcie and Morgan sampling table, 393 farmers were identified and selected through randomized multistage sampling method. The results showed that 74.6% of the farmers had average climate change perception. Results of Correlation showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between farmers' perceptions of climate change and thier education level, social capital, climate change consequences, educational course, rainfed area, access to inputs, agricultural income, age, rainfed quality, irrigated area, information resources used and agricultural experience. Multiple regression showed that social capital, climate change consequences, educational course, dryland area, agricultural income, and information resource used accounted for 58 percent of farmers' perceptions of climate change.

This study aimed to investigate the fitness of the mediating role of environmental experience, environmental values, and environmental identity in the relationship between gender and environmentally conscious behavior of second high school students in Yazd. For this purpose, a quantitative design with a correlation approach was used, and data collected from a sample of 348 students through multi-stage cluster sampling using Allen's (2013) environmental experience scale, environmental values scale by Tronu et al (2011), Clayton's (2003) environmental identity scale, and environmentally conscious behavior scale by Kaiser & Wilson (2004). The validity and reliability of the scales were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and principal components method and Cronbach's alpha with spss24 software and showed relatively good characteristics in the Iranian sample. In the model analysis, structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood method and with Amos24 software was used. Results showed that the direct effect of environmental identity on environmentally conscious behavior was positive, the effect of gender and self-transcendence value orientation on environmental identity was positive, the effect of environmental experience on environmental identity was negative, the effect of gender on self-transcendence value orientation was negative and the effect of environmental experience on self-transcendence and self-enhancement value orientation was positive and significant. Results also showed that environmental identity was a positive and serial indirect effect of environmental identity and self-transcendence value orientation in the relationship between gender and environmentally conscious behavior was negative and significant.

A study was carrying out to test accompany the science with intent and metaphysical cognition, which is essential to manage environmental disasters; because ethical norms are lonely insufficient to manage these disasters. In addition, cognitive scientists believe that some beliefs, especially religious beliefs, play the same role; otherwise, scientific theories would not be able to manage environmental disasters. Meanwhile, this accompany is according to “conservation complex activity” itself; with perquisite understanding of local cultures, needs and situation, precisely. And more, UNESCO, by end of the second century recommended the universities around the world to prepare in advance their students according to local epistemic to make sustainability happen in the 3th Century. For these reasons, a descriptive- survey research method was carried out among agricultural college students of Shiraz University. The results showed that the “ethical complex” including 4 ethical indexes was used in this study; which had strongly correlation with students’ environment ethics; as well as, students’ total environmental knowledge. These strong relationships confirm the necessity of accompany the science with intent and metaphysical cognition to manage environment disasters. To save times and costs, this “ethical complex” could be considered as a bench mark to study ethics in universities across the Country, Iran periodically to find an Environmental Ethics Scale for Iranian Universities (EESIU).

The main objective of this research is to determine the important factors of using mobile learning in organic agriculture education. The methodology of this study is quantitative and qualitative and it is an applied research. The statistical population of the study was agriculture experts in East Azerbaijan province (N = 429). Based on the Cochran Formula, a sample size of 202 was estimated by cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which its content validity was confirmed by experts. Initial reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using by Cronbach's alpha (0,77- 0.93). Structural validity and composite reliability (CR) of the research tool were also obtained by estimating the measurement model after applying the necessary corrections. Data was analyzed using by SPSS20 and AMOS20 soft wares in the form of structural equation modeling. The results of the research displayed that 85, 1 % of the experts were in the moderate to high level in terms of skills of working with mobile learning tools. 71, 2% of the experts were in the moderate to high level in terms of attitudes toward the use of mobile learning in organic agriculture education. Finally, structural model analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy, utility, attitude, social, and facilitating components with using mobile learning in organic farming education and explained 95 percent of its variances.

The purpose of this research was to develop a framework for conceptual explanation and field assessing the ecosystem of green entrepreneurship in Golestan province based on the nexus of entrepreneurialism and environmentalism. This research was carried out using mixed-method approach in two phases. The first phase of this research was done using classic Delphi technique. The data and information were gathered through a semi-structured interview (early rounds) and questionnaire (last round) with a sample of informant stakeholders of the green enterprise and entrepreneurship ecosystem in the Golestan province. As a result of this phase, seven dimensions which composition of 50 indicators, as: (1) Motivation and institutional support for the development of green entrepreneurship(10 indicators), (2) Research and technology in the field of green entrepreneurship (3 indicators), (3) Development of the market of green goods and services (5 indicators), (4) Cultural promotion and extension of green entrepreneurship (9 indicators), (5) Training and empowerment of green manpower (8 indicators), (6) Strategic planning of green entrepreneurship development (5 indicators), and (7) Management and governance development of green entrepreneurship (10 indicators). In the second phase, a "foresight" approach using MICMAC software and scenarios development approach using Scenario Wizard Software led to extract 4 incredible scenarios, as very desirable scenario (Green Golestan), a midway Scenario based on the status quo (Gray Golestan), a very critical scenario (Yellow Golestan) and a Complete Crisis scenario (Red Golestan).

The present study was conducted to aim at investigating the necessity to pay attention environmental education based on futures studies in elementary school. This study is a practical and descriptive research has been done in two parts. Content analysis and Delphi technique. In content analysis, statistical sample, all textbooks of elementary school in the year 98-99 were done through descriptive statistics and with checklist tool through Excel. The checklist consisted of 7 main components and 30 sub-components, the validity of which was confirmed by experts in educational sciences and its reliability was calculated by to Holste’s method be 0.92. In the second part, the results of content analysis were provided to 30 experts in the field of futures studies, environment and curriculum through Delphi technique, who were selected by snowball method. This technique was continued in three rounds until the maximum information was reached. The agreement in the second and third rounds of Delphi in SPSS 26 was calculated by Kendall as 0.584 and 0.787. Finally, the results of the Delphi showed that, in the opinion of experts, the content of elementary school textbooks in terms of environmental education need to be revised and modified. And the two issues of waste and air should be given priority due to the crises that they will create in the future. It was also suggested that in reviewing the environmental content of textbooks, in the first period of elementary the skill-based approach and in the second period the research-based approach should be considered.

Population growth has led to unstable human use of ecosystems such as wetlands and has created numerous environmental problems. Shour, Shirin and Minab International Wetland is located Hormozgan Province, where the livelihoods of local communities is directly dependent. This coastal wetland has been damaged in recent years that due to the ecological, socio-economic and cultural importance of the wetland, need to be protected. Because the best way to prevent environmental degradation is education and community participation, and students are one of the most important social groups in any community, students were selected as the target group. The purpose of this study is evaluating the impact of environmental education on the Level of Environmental Knowledge of students of different degrees in the context of Wetlands. The study was conducted in Tiab village schools from the marginal villages of the wetland and among the girls' schools in this village with a total of 313 students, 72 were selected as the sample. The sampling method is Purposeful and the research method is also cross-sectional. Data were collected through a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts. Reliability of the questionnaire was measured by SPSS-22 software and Cronbach's alpha was 0.8. Statistical tests were used to analyze the data. The results show that the provided training have a positive impact on all three levels and enhance the level of their environmental knowledge. Therefore, by educating students about the environment, we can take a positive step to protect the wetland ecosystems of the country.

The right to education and protection of the environment is an example of the third generation of human right which are effective in benefiting sustainable development and any pollution will endanger the life of every creature. The aim of this research is to study the procedures of achieving these rights by teaching environmental protection to sixth-grade elementary school students. This research by using descriptive-analytical-field method is answering this question that what are the challenges and necessities of the environmental education for sixth-grade students? Based on this research, the current environmental education in the educational system is not purposeful and does not create an environment-oriented culture. Research data were collected by studying environmental and human rights documents according to international law and Iranian law, as well as data from examining a questionnaire of 400 students in Tehran 1398. The face validation method and Cronbach Alpha were used for data reliability and validity, then for data analysis, SPSS and Excel software were used. The results show that having responsible citizens, furtherance of sustainable development can be achieved by teaching methods of environmental protection to students of 11 to 12 years old, who are able to perceive, learn and find solutions, as they can accept responsibility and obey the law, educating them creates a conscious generation with critical thinking and effective in bringing about constructive changes. These can be achieved by having precise educational planning, writing new books, encouraging Students to critical thinking, increasing awareness, dialogue and active social participation.

The purpose of this study was to determine the infrastructure validation of developing a decentralized curriculum based on land use in the primary school. The present study is a descriptive, survey-based survey in terms of purpose, applied and in terms of collecting data. The statistical population in this research, all of the principals and teachers of the elementary period in Kermanshah. 384 people were selected in a proportional random sampling method. They were sampled by volume. The infrastructure model for the development of a decentralized land-based curriculum in the primary School has eight main factors of macroeconomic policy, empowerment, human and social infrastructure, cultural infrastructure, regional management system, financial infrastructure, legal and legal infrastructure, and adaptation of the curriculum with territorial alignment. There are 46 concepts that make up them. findings of the research showed that in addition to the fact that all the items have a high correlation with each of the eight components, the components are also correlated They have a high degree of infrastructural infrastructure for developing decentralized land based curriculum. Data analysis was performed using confirmatory factor analysis.

Coastal areas, due to having significant capabilities and attractions, must pass through sustainable tourism development in order to achieve successful tourism, so sustainable tourism development as a management strategy in coastal areas is of particular importance. In this study, in order to identify the effective factors in the development of sustainable tourism in the coastal region of Ramsar, a number of indicators were surveyed in the form of a questionnaire from 383 tourists. The results indicate that most tourists have identified environmental health status indicators and tourism services and facilities as the most important indicators in the area. In addition, a SWOT- ANP model was used for strategic planning and provide optimal strategies for achieving integrated and optimal management. As the results show that aggressive-competitive strategies (SO) with a score of 0.544 were selected as the best strategies, that these strategies should be considered by managers and planners in order to improve and develop conservation in the area. Also, in SO strategies, by relying on strengthening the strengths and opportunities, tourism development can be developed on an appropriate scale and in the capacity and potential of the area. In addition to the strategies presented in this study, increasing level of tourist culture by providing environmental education (development of various educational, sports, entertainment, etc.) can also help improve the protection and development of sustainable tourism in these areas