مجله آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت ایران
سال نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 36، زمستان 1400)

 Identification of obesity-related dietary patterns in any culture can affect policymaking. The purpose of the study was to summarize obesity-related dietary patterns and their food groups in Tehranian adults.

The study followed the five stages in the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. We searched international databases (PubMed, Web of Science), national databases (SID, Iran Doc) and Google Scholar search engine with the keywords obesity, overweight, dietary patterns, eating patterns, food patterns, diet and Iran for finding related studies that have been published in the last two decades (2000-2020) along with the manual search of the list of selected study sources and gray literature (dissertations and final research report).

A total of 12 studies were included in the review study. 17 out of 33 dietary patterns were associated with obesity. Eight diets were undesirable, eight diets were desirable, and one was inconsistently associated with obesity. Food groups common in undesirable diets include sugar-sweetened beverages, sweets, desserts, industrial juices, sugar, red meat, processed meats, solid fats, refined grains, snacks. Food groups common in desirable diets include vegetables, fruits, poultry and fish, legumes, whole grains, olive or olive oil.

Obesity-related dietary patterns are common in adults in Tehran. This study provided information on food groups that guide targeted policymaking to improve the food groups in food store supply, household consumption, and food industry and agricultural products.

Couples' communication interactions in the context of social networks have been challenged. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a tool for measuring the consequences of virtual social media on marital life by factor analysis.

This tool is a qualitative methodology based on the exploration of views and perceptions of married men and women about the consequences of virtual social networks on married life. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed through face validity (qualitative and quantitative), content validity (qualitative and quantitative) and construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) in 700 married individuals. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by the test-retest method (calculation of intra-class correlation coefficient) and internal correlation (calculation of Cronbach-alpha coefficient). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS24 and AMOS24 software.

The initial instrument consisted of 20 items from a qualitative study, which after psychometrics, 4 items were removed and 12 items remained. The range of values calculated for the ratio and content validity index of the items were (0.83-1) and (0.66-1), respectively, and the impact score of all of them was higher than 1.5. The Intra-class correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire were obtained at 0.864 and 785, respectively. The results of exploratory factor analysis were four factors: "Threat of marital commitment", “individualization of cohabitation”,” Threat to privacy” and “Faded intimacy”. In confirmatory factor analysis the fitted model based on these four factors explained 43.75% of the consequences of social media presence on couples' lifestyle.

Psychometric results in this study showed that a tool with 20- iteme and 4 domains for measuring the consequences of social media presence on couples' lifestyles has good validity and reliability and it can be used as a suitable tool in this field.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the endemic diseases in Iran and every year a large number of children under10years of age are infected with it. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the preventive behavior of leishmaniasis based on the PRECEDE model in families with children under 10 years.

The present study is a cross sectional study that was performed on240Families with children under 10 years old in the Sankhast ward of North Khorasan province. The data collection tool was a researcher questionnaire that included demographic questions and structures of the questionnaire model (knowledge, attitude, reinforcing factor, and enabling factor). Sampling was performed in several steps. Data was entered into SPSS16 software using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way analysis of variance, independent t-test, correlation coefficient, multiple linear regressions.

The highest mean a score was obtained by the reinforcing factor (24.3 ± 22.80) and the lowest mean a score was obtained in the performance section (48.46 ± 15.66). The results of the regression model showed that knowledge (0.28), attitude (0.16), and enabling factors (0.14) had the highest predictive power of mothers in controlling and preventing disease, respectively. Overall, the structures of the PRECEDE model predicted21%of the variance of the preventive behavior of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The PRECEDE model is a good theoretical framework for the prevention of leishmaniasis. Designing and implementing an educational program based on the PRECEDE model in the population at risk will be an effective step in controlling leishmaniasis. Because the prevalence of leishmaniasis is higher in rural areas, it is more important to consider the conditions of the rural people in order to implement the educational program

A healthy lifestyle is one of the major determinants of health. The phenomenon of aging is one of the major demographics, social, economic and medical issues. Awareness of the factors related to the lifestyle of the elderly can be effective in planning their health promotion. The aim was to determine the role of social factors affecting the health in lifestyle of the elderly.

In the present cross-sectional descriptive study, 455 elderly people referred to comprehensive health service centers in Rasht of 1399 were studied. Samples were selected by multi-stage random sampling from 38 health centers and bases. Social determinants of health and lifestyle information related to the elderly were collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire and after entering the SPSS software version 22 were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The mean score of lifestyles in the elderly was 105.66± 15.69. The highest mean score was related to the field of prevention 34.69±4.96 and the lowest score was in the field of physical activity 3.15 ±1.36. Among the social determinants of health examined, marital status, occupation, income and education were the most important factors affecting a healthy lifestyle. There was a correlation between the mean score of lifestyle and education (r = 0.223), income (r = 0.196) and job (r = -0.101).

To promote physical activity and stress management in the elderly, which will lead to a healthy lifestyle, paying attention to the social factors that determine health affecting the lifestyle obtained from this study can be a useful and effective solution.

Due to the increasing pressure on hospitals to increase the quality of services, the need for physicians to participate in quality improvement programs, especially hospital accreditation, has become more important. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the challenges of physicians' participation in accreditation programs in Mashhad city, eastern Iran

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 1399 using a questionnaire in 12 hospitals in the east of the country that performed accreditation. This questionnaire examined the challenges of physicians' participation in accreditation programs in hospitals. Finally, 445 physicians participated in the study and the participation rate was reported to be about 24%. Data analysis was performed at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics using STATA V.14.

The findings of the present study showed that among the challenges of physicians' participation in accreditation programs in hospitals, the strongest challenge from the perspective of physicians is related to the dimensions of effective communication (4.05± 0.74) and the empowering physicians about accreditation and quality improvement (3.89±0.59). Also, the weakest of them was related to the dimension of ambiguity in role (0.96±2.86). Among the studied challenges, only the score of patient demand dimension showed a statistically significant difference between different medical specialties (p<0.05).

The implementation of this program can be improved through Culture building, proper accreditation training and quality improvement activities in the medical community helped to implements.

Aggression is one of the most common problems among children who struggle with this behavioral problem during COVID-19 quarantine and negatively affects their quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of regular exercise on aggression and quality of life of students during coronavirus quarantine.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design that was conducted in the academic year 2020-2021. The present study population consisted of girl students aged 10-12 years in Mahmoud Abad city of Mazandaran, of which 40 people were randomly divided into two groups of experimental (20 people) and control (20 people). Before and after the training sessions (12 sessions, three sessions per week for 45 minutes), the subjects completed the Aggression and Quality of Life Questionnaires. Independent-Samples T-Test and Paired-Samples T-Test statistical methods were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there was a significant difference in research variables between the two groups after four weeks of regular training (P<0.05). Regular exercise in children caused a significant decrease in aggression score and a significant increase in quality of life score after exercise in the experimental group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the control group (P>0.05).

The results showed the positive effect of online regular sports activity during the coronavirus quarantine, on increasing the quality of life and reducing the level of aggression of girl students. It is suggested that appropriate and attractive sports activities in all schools of the country be performed virtually in all educational levels on a regular basis.

Although pregnancy is a pleasurable period for most women, but generally, it is a stressful period with physical and psychological changes. Mothers' worries during pregnancy are associated with more problems in pregnancy. Improving well-being is one of the important goals for pregnant women. The aim of this study was to explore the concerns of pregnancy in nulliparous women.

This qualitative study was performed through the conventional content analysis via using Granhiem and Landman method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 24 primiparous mothers in Kashan and data saturation was obtained. Data analysis was performed using the MAXQDA 10 software.

Data analysis led to two categories and subclasses. The first category was the mother's concerns about her health during pregnancy, which included the following categories: changes in physical and mental conditions during pregnancy and coping with its, healthy childbirth, family and social support, role playing as a spouse, and Parental role challenges. The second category was the mother's concerns about the health of fetus in pregnancy, which included the following categories: Unpleasant thoughts about fetal formation, responsibility for fetal health, and Fear of fetal injury during pregnancy and childbirth.

Pregnant women during pregnancy suffer from a number of concerns about their own health and their fetus, which can threaten the health of both. Therefore, it seems that mothers 'health care providers can help mothers to experience a safer pregnancy by reducing negative thoughts by holding training classes.

Communication skills are important tools in providing health services. To providing the adequate services, effective communication between staff and clients is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of educational intervention on communication skills of medical imaging staff of Najmieh Hospital in Tehran.

This quasi-experimental intervention study was performed in 2019 in Tehran. All staff of Najmia hospital imaging department (19 people) were enrolled. At first, the level of employeeschr('39') communication skills was measured by self-assessment using the standard Queen Dam communication skills questionnaire. In the next stage, the subjects were trained in communication.   After performing the educational intervention, a secondary test was performed again using a questionnaire. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to compare the mean scores of the questionnaire before and after the educational intervention by paired t-method. The results were analyzed by SPSS software.

The mean score of communication skills before the educational intervention was 111.2 and after that were 21.5. Also, the mean scores of the five components of communication skills increased after the educational intervention compared to before that. There was a significant difference between employeeschr('39') communication skills scores before and after the educational intervention (p<0.05).

The results showed that educational intervention has led to improve employeeschr('39') communication skills.