نشریه اسلام و سلامت
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 13، بهار و تابستان 1400)

In the last two decades, religious behaviors have been studied as components of mental health promotion, and researchers have been looking for behaviors that have the greatest impact on mental health and well-being. Studying and reciting the Holy Qur'an are one of the religious behaviors considered in Islam. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of reciting the Holy Qur'an during one year on mental health, quality of life as well as positive and negative affects.

For this purpose, 60 Qur'anic students of Imam Al Hadi Institute and Jahrom University were randomly selected in two groups of 30 (each group consisting of 10 men and 20 women) and were evaluated in pre- and post-tests. Data were collected through three questionnaires including general health questioner (GHQ), positive and negative affects (PANAS) and quality of life were used. The data were analyzed using independent t-test.

Results indicated that there was a significant difference in post-test between the two groups of Qur'an reciters and non-reciters, in other words, the reciters' group had better mental health (p<0.01), more positive affect and less negative affect (p<0.01) and better quality of life (p<0.05).

According to the results, reciting the Holy Qur'an has positive effect on various aspects of health such as mental health, quality of life and emotions as well as promotes them.

The concept of “Sharh-e-Sadr” is one of the Qur’anic concepts that due to its various psychological effects on life, has always been considered by Islamic thinkers and researchers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to extract the components of “Sharh-e-Sadr” and explain the psychology of those components.

To do so, dictionaries, idioms, and Islamic texts including the Qur'an and books of Hadiths were examined through the qualitative content analysis.

The findings have shown that the components of “Sharh-e-Sadr” are divided into two categories of cause ("divine knowledge", "remembrance of God" and "certainty") and effect ("patience", "surrender", "peace", "trust in God" and "full attention to the Hereafter") components. Moreover, the mentioned components were presented to eight theological psychologists in order to examine the content validity index (CVI), and finally, the validity of all components was approved.

“Sharh-e-Sadr” is a meta-attribute that contains several psychological traits including patience, calmness, acceptance, and trust so that the existence of all these traits can indicate “Sharh-e-Sadr” in a human being. These traits have been found from a comprehensive study of Islamic and lexical texts.

Islam has provided the highest standards in the field of food hygiene and safety under the title of halal and Tayyib, providing all qualitative aspects in terms of cleanliness, health, safety, and nutrition. The aim of this study was to determine the evaluation and ranking pattern of the palm grove and date fruit by deleaniatining the Tayyib indicators and preparing the checklist of date production from the construction stage of the grove to harvest.

For this purpose, first, all necessary steps, rules, and standards for the construction of groves, planting palm, harvesting the date fruit as well as individual and working conditions of human resources were reviewed, a checklist of these steps was prepared, and the necessary requirements were defined.

Components were also defined and weighed for the characteristics of Tayyib including being halal, attractiveness, health, originality and blessing. Using the obtained information, the patterns of evaluating the quality and ranking were designed based on specific criteria. The criteria were coded based on the components of Tayyib principles and most optimally scored according to the necessity. Then, in order to rank the grove, the score obtained for each criterion was multiplied by the component coefficient related to that criterion, and the total score of the criteria in each grove was calculated.

Thus, based on the obtained scores, the rank of the evaluated groves was determined in three levels: moderate (third degree), good (second degree), high (first degree) or none.

Spiritual intelligence as the foundation of a person's beliefs has a fundamental role in various fields, especially the promotion and quality of his married life. However, the role of spiritual intelligence in predicting the quality and marital satisfaction in Iranian society has not been considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of spiritual intelligence and demographic variables in predicting the marital satisfaction of married students.

The study population of this correlational cross-sectional study included all married students of the Islamic Azad University of Sari in the academic year of 2018-19 that 384 people were selected as a sample according to Cochran's formula and available sampling method and entered the study process after fulfilling the necessary criteria. King's (2008) Spiritual Intelligence and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaires (1989) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression tests in SPSS 26.

Findings showed that spiritual intelligence (β= 0.96), age (β= -0.12) and duration of marriage (β= -0.15)) played an important role in predicting marital satisfaction (p<0.05).

The findings of the present study indicate the positive role of spiritual intelligence in predicting the marital satisfaction of married students. This finding can be associated with clinical applications in the development of preventive and therapeutic interventions. Conducting a clinical trial to benefit from interventions based on spiritual intelligence training can be a good path for future studies.

The health system transformation plan is a revolution in the field of health in the country with eight services such as social justice, human equality, fight against corruption and defense of the deprived. This plan is trying to solve people's problems, facilitate childbearing, fight against immoral practices and pay attention to science, education and service provision. Since the Holy Qur'an is the holy book of Islam which is the most complete religion and the official religion of Iran, the aim of the present study was to investigate the comparative study of the goals of the health system transformation plan with the Holy Qur'an and an emphasis on its efficiency.

In this descriptive-analytical study, through studying the health transformation plan, its components, matching each of these components with the Holy Qur'an and the verses related to the objectives of the instructions were  extracted  using library studies and its Qur'anic principles were shown. In this research, all ethical issues have been considered. Meanwhile, the authors of the article have no conflict of interest.

After reviewing the texts used, the findings have indicated that issues such as social justice, equality of human beings, fight against corruption and bribery, defense of the deprived and needy, emphasis on the centrality of vulnerable groups, an attempt to solve people's problems and increase their satisfaction, childbearing facilitation, fight against immoral actions and attention to education and science in the country are of the most important Qur'anic components of the health system transformation plan.

Investigating the items of this plan represents the harmony between this plan and the Qur'anic instructions. It is hoped that the realization of this plan will be a turning point in the implementation of a sustainable health system based on Qur'anic teachings.

The fear and anxiety caused by COVID-19 have led to a weakening of religious beliefs and spiritual well-being in societies. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between the God locus of health control (GLHC), religious beliefs, and psychological variables on following the COVID-19 health guidelines.

Using a multi-stage sampling method, 264 women referred to health centers in Qazvin city participated in a cross-sectional study, in 2020. Data were collected using demographic Questions, Theory of Planned behavior related scales, Illness as punishment for sin scale, Perceived religious influence on health behavior scale, God locus of health control scale (GLHC), and Allison Spiritual Health Scale. Data were analyzed using LISRAL 8.80 and Pearson correlation coefficient, and path analysis.

Spiritual health had a significant correlation with intention and preventive behaviors and a significant correlation was observed between the GLHC and all TPB constructs. With the exception of the negative path coefficient between the GLHC and intention, the path coefficients between all variables with intention were significant and positive. In addition, spiritual health had a significant positive effect on intention and preventive behaviors. The main predictors of preventive behaviors were perceived behavioral control, intention, and spiritual health, respectively.

Spiritual health and religious beliefs were effective in COVID-19 preventive behavior in women. The role of religious beliefs and spiritual health in the design of interventions to prevent COVID-19 should be emphasized.

Mosques are one of the religious places that attend to this place can meet the psychological needs of the elderly spiritually and religiously. Moreover, social participation is one of the things that can be effective in improving their quality of life and satisfaction. The aim of this action research study was to promote spiritual support and improve the safety of the structure of mosques under the conditions of the elderly.

This two-cycle action research was conducted based on Coughlan and Coughlan’s (2002) method with the cooperation of stakeholders. To get the initial data and the list of problems from the checklist, the physical structure of the mosque was checked, and the information was completed by interviewing the elderly people praying in the mosque (Mosalla) of Gonabad. In different stages of the cycles, which included planning, implementing, evaluating and repeating the stages in two cycles, it was done with the participation of all members involved in the project.

The findings of the study showed that the mosque building in the entrances, stairs, ramps, ablutions, toilets and other parts needed to be repaired and rebuilt under the conditions of the elderly and able-bodied people. During two-cycle action research, the reconstructions related to the entrance parts, doors and stairs were made successfully, and no structural measures were taken for the reconstructions related to other parts including toilets, except for the sanitary reconstructions. The two-cycle action research was fully implemented, and evaluation was done after the corrections.

The reconstructions made based on the action research method could improve the safety condition of the structure of the mosque (Mosalla) and as a result increase the satisfaction of the elderly.

Healthy diet is one of the concerns of Islam because the body can serve and obey God with better nutrition. The aim of this study was to provide an appropriate pattern in healthy diet based on the narrations of the Al-Kafi, Kitab Al-At'ima (the book of food) for the benefit of the target community. So far, no similar case study on nutrition has been found based on Al-Kafi.

The population of this review study was the Fiqh narrations of Al-Kulayni's Al-Kafi book, Chapter Al-At'ima. This case study investigated the role of all rules mentioned in Al-Kafi, Kitab Al-At'ima to provide the pattern and direction in a healthy diet.

The healthy diet pattern in the narrations within the framework of Shari'a laws, especially religiously unlawful (Haram), virtuous (Mustahab) and abominable (Makruh) actions, is a suitable and accurate pattern for improving nutrition since the Islamic laws are based on the interests and corruptions so that it seems that in these laws, nutrition is the most important interest in maintaining the health of the body and avoiding endangering its health.

According to the findings, the obligation to observe the Shari'a laws in the form of religiously unlawful, virtuous and abominable actions regarding nutrition will lead to forming and arranging the correct pattern of a healthy diet. The use of foods that are lawful (Halal) or virtuous and the avoidance of foods that are abominable or religiously unlawful will have a great influence on the health of the body.

Due to the importance of spirituality in personal and professional life, the need for organizational commitment and the desire to stay in the organization and its consequences, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual health and organizational commitment of staff in Babol University of Medical Sciences.

The statistical population of this descriptive-analytical study was 218 staff members of Babol University of Medical Sciences, selected using Quota sampling method based on the staff members of each unit, Morgan Formula and the total population of the staff members. The Ellison-Paloutzian Spiritual Well-being and Alan-Meyer organizational commitment standard questionnaires were used, their validity was approved by specialists, and their reliability Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.84 and 0.73, respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive-analytical statistics in SPSS 25.

There was no significant relationship between demographic components with spiritual health and organizational commitment (P>0.05). The mean score of spiritual health was 92.43±13.56, within the average range. The mean score of organizational commitment was 109.88±16.63, within the average range. The relationship between spiritual health and its aspects with organizational commitment and its dimensions was positive, significant and direct (P<0.001, correlation=0.01). Spiritual health had no significant relationship with continuous commitment (P>0.05). The higher the spiritual health, the greater the organizational commitment was, and the higher the spiritual health, the higher the dimensions of emotional and normative commitment was. More than half of the staff tended to quit the organization for a better offer.

Based on this study, the higher the spiritual health, the greater the organizational commitment was. Therefore, the commitment, attachment and retention rate should be increased by using religious teachings, and finally the productivity of the organization is enhanced.

Generalized anxiety disorder is one of the most common anxiety disorders observed in clinical centers and the general population. However, the effectiveness of spiritual care-based intervention in treating the problems caused by this disease has not been considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the spiritual care-based intervention on reducing anxiety and reducing rumination in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. From the statistical population, 30 people were selected by convenience sampling, entered the study process after fulfilling the necessary criteria and randomly divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control. The experimental group underwent an intervention based on spiritual care, which was presented in 4 group sessions once a week. Both groups completed the Beck Anxiety and Ruminant Anxiety Inventory (RRS) in two stages before and after the training. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.

Findings from analysis of covariance showed that the intervention based on spiritual care significantly reduced anxiety and rumination in patients with generalized anxiety disorder in the experimental group compared to the control group (≥P 0/05).

Spiritual care-based intervention can be one of the most effective options in reducing anxiety and rumination in patients with generalized anxiety disorder along with other medication interventions. The findings of this study confirm the acceptability of the theoretical arguments presented in this area.

Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases that affect various physical, mental and social aspects of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of religion-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (RCBT) in expressing emotion and blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

In this quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design as well as control group, 30 patients were selected as final sample among T2D patients, referred to Comprehensive Health Service Centers using a purposive sampling method. Then, they were randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control groups) of 15 persons. The experimental group received 10 60-minute sessions of RCBT, but the control group only received normal care. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) observing the assumptions.

There was a difference between the experimental and control groups after the emotion expression test with pre-test control (P=0.03, F=3.95) at 95% confidence level (P<0.05) in emotion expression and in fasting-blood-sugar (P=0.02, F=5/93) There is a difference. But at 2-hour post-prandial blood sugar (P=0.2, F=1.71) and glycosylated hemoglobin (P=0.65, F=2.68), despite the difference in the mean, the difference is not statistically significant.

The results have indicated that RCBT is effective in increasing the emotional expression of diabetic patients and can be useful in reducing fasting blood sugar as an adjunct therapy for diabetic patients.

Childbearing is one of the important components of population knowledge, and medical students due to the long period of study and unfavorable economic conditions during their studies need a more detailed study of fertility and childbearing. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of interns and residents of Babol University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2018-2019 regarding the issue of childbearing in economic, cultural-social, religious and physical identity areas.

This descriptive-analytical study was randomly conducted on students of specialized and medical internship courses of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2018-2019, and Mousavi's childbearing attitude questionnaire containing 64 questions was used. Based on previous studies, the sample size was 140 persons. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, T-test and Tukey Test.

In the study of childbearing variables, 79.9 and 20.1% of students had a positive and negative attitude towards childbearing, respectively. The belief index was significantly higher in men (35.37±10.90) than women (29.11±10.50) (P=0.001). In the study of childbearing variables based on marriage, according to the result of the independent t-test, the economic index was significantly higher in single (30.59 ±47.5) than married (26.10 ±6.48) students, (P<0.001), Belief index was significantly higher in married (38.12± 9.57) than single 28.59± 10.30 students (P<0.001).

The current study has shown that the belief factor can increase the tendency to childbearing encountering economic pressures.