نشریه اقتصاد و بانکداری اسلامی
پیاپی 36 (پاییز 1400)

In this article, an attempt has been made to measure the success of the Iranian banking network in achieving the goals of the Islamic economic system in different provinces of the country. In this regard, from Islamic sources, the goals of the economic system and the performance of the banking system have been identified and for weighting, prioritization of indicators, normalization and data analysis, the combined method of hierarchical analysis-TOPSIS (AHP-TOPSIS) has been used. Based on the goals of the economic system, the research findings show that the observance of economic justice, economic growth, economic independence and development of social capital from the perspective of experts are important goals of the Islamic economic that the banking system should pay special attention to. Province Tehran ranks first in the first three elements, economic justice, economic independence and social capital while Sistan and Baluchestan, North Khorasan and Hormozgan provinces are last in ranking respectively, and in economic growth South Khorasan province ranks first while West Azarbaijan province ranks last. Based on the results of the combined index of the performance of the banking network to achieve the goals of the Islamic economic system, the provinces of Tehran, South Khorasan and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari are in the first, second and third rank respectively, while Kermanshah, Hamedan and Golestan provinces are in twenty-ninth thirtieth and thirty-first place.

IoT, a state-of-the-art technology, faces many challenges in its growth and development. One of the main concerns is the potential threats posed by the spread of such technology in the world. The widespread adoption and spread of such a technology can threaten us much more seriously than the Internet currently available. The challenges we face in adopting such technology will include both the social and the technical aspects. Technical limitations include security considerations, privacy, as well as the resource, energy, and capacity issues for such a large amount of data and processing. Besides, socially, cultural infrastructure must first be provided for the diffusion of such technologies among the community. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the readiness level of the acceptance of IoT technologies. The relationships are examined as six main categories identified, namely the social aspect, the cultural aspect, the human aspect, the technological aspect, the financial aspect, the management aspect, government laws, and regulations. The opinions of senior ICT executives nationwide were collected. The statistical population of this study consists of experts and users of the financial sector, stock exchange, and financial institutions. Since the statistical population is infinite, 384 randomly available individuals are selected. SMART.PLS was used to validate the model and test the relationships between variables. The results indicate the impact of the identified categories on IoT adoption readiness.

This study examines the effect of financial liberalization and macroeconomic variables (inflation, economic growth, institutional factors, human capital and business environment) on banking productivity in 15 selected developing countries during the period 2006 to 2017 using Markov econometric technique Switching is addressed. The results indicate that the financial liberalization index in first regime (boom period) has a positive effect on number of bank branches, but in second regime (recession period), we see a negative relationship. Inflation and business environment in both regimes have a negative effect on number of bank branches, but economic growth and human capital have a positive effect on number of bank branches. The combined index of institutional factors in first regime has a negative effect on the number of bank branches, but in second regime we see a positive relationship.

 The purpose of this study is to provide a proposed model for measuring the risk disclosure index of companies.

The present study, considering various criteria, provides a comprehensive index to measure risk information disclosure and to test and measure the performance of the designed model, a sample of 60 companies from 2006 to 1397 has been used. In this regard, a questionnaire was prepared regarding the weight and importance of the criteria considered for disclosing the companychr('39')s risk information and distributed among experts. Shannon entropy method was used for the weight and importance of the criteria and confirmatory factor analysis was used to measure the relationship between the hidden variable.

The research findings suggest a proposed model for measuring corporate risk information disclosure using the multi-criteria decision modeling method to provide a new indicator for measuring corporate risk information disclosure, which can be used to determine the extent of corporate risk information disclosure.

The calculated index can help investors to choose the right portfolio in choosing their decisions by ranking the risk disclosure of companies.Originality and its addition to knowledge: Providing a comprehensive indicator to measure the disclosure of risk information that was first introduced.

Every political tool in Islamic economics is designed taking into account the net social benefit, compliance with sharia law and the target mechanism. The government achieves its goals in the tax sector by expanding new tax bases and improving the performance of existing tax bases with a distributive, allocative and policy-making approach.On the other hand, the real increase of a country's wealth and assets depends on the growth of productive, value-creating and productive activities, and the accumulation of capital and the quality of investment are necessary to provide a suitable platform for production. Capital income tax, as a tool for the government to manage resources in various markets, seeks to change the behavior and control the interests of economic actors in the public interest and affects the movement and flow of capital and investment decisions. In this research, by descriptive-analytical method, using library studies and jurisprudential documents, the compatibility of capital income tax with the goals of Islamic economics and its similarity and difference with Islamic tax of khums were investigated.Taking into account the high, intermediate and operational goals in Islamic economics, capital gains tax through functions such as helping to weaken unproductive activities, reducing business incentives, directing capital and liquidity to productive government activities, and increasing productive goals. Economic justices, securing the public interest, prosperity and economic stability of the Islamic economy have been effective.

This article aims to model the credit risk assessment and credit assessment of banks and non-banking institutions by Linear Discriminant Analysis ،logit regression and probit.For this purpose, the statistical sample size is determined through the "screening sampling method". The researcher collects observations by sampling members of the statistical community by screening sampling method This sample size is included during the financial periods of the years 91 to 98. In this article, after reviewing the financial statements of each bank and non-banking institution, the explanatory variables are evaluated. In the general comparison between the predictive accuracy of linear Discriminant analysis method and nonlinear methods of logistic regression and probit, the results of this comparison showed that the Linear Discriminant Analysis is on the same level with probit regression analysis in terms of accuracy and efficiency, while Logistic regression analysis was different and less efficient than these two methods.

The decisions of investors in the stock market are influenced by various factors. One of the causes of behavior that causes investors to not react properly to the published information is the phenomenon of mental anchorage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and causality of corporate characteristics, which include the quality of financial reports and information asymmetry of companies on the amount of mental anchor phenomenon in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population of this study included companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 1389 to 1398 and the hypotheses of this research were tested by data panel method. According to the results of this study, the causality of the relationship was one-way from the characteristics of companies to the mental anchor. in addition to investors when making decisions based on the projected profit of management, by comparing this profit with the average projected profit of the industry. They follow the mental anchor phenomenon and do not expect more profits with a large difference, given the projected profits of similar companies. The quality of financial reports as one of the important characteristics of companies has a negative effect on the mental anchor phenomenon. This means that users of quality financial information and reports published by companies are less likely to be anchored. Also, information asymmetry as another feature of companies does not have a positive effect on the rate of mental anchor phenomenon. Finally, based on the shocks to the mental anchor from the characteristics of companies, the results are one of the negative effects of report quality and the positive effect of companies' information asymmetry on the mental anchor phenomenon.

Endogenous or exogenous money and interest rates are important issues in economic schools and its determination in the Islamic economic system is a key point for other economic issues. In some countries, regulatory and non-market setting of interest rates is one of the problems that leads to financial repression. In an Islamic economy, the profit rate is endogenous and non-market determination is contrary to jurisprudence and Sharia law. However, profit rate liberalization requires conditions that are not currently available in the Iranian banking system. This article tries to show that the expansion of Privilege Sukuk to different sectors, which are used in a limited way in the Iranian banking system, and the formation of a market for it can create the ground for the discovery and application of equilibrium profit rate in the banking system. Describing and jurisprudential examination of Privilege Sukuk shows that these sukuk are an efficient as well as legitimate Islamic financial instrument.As a result, in addition to establishing an endogenous equilibrium profit rate, the expansion of Privilege Sukuk leads to the elimination or reduction of bank corruption, limitation of bankchr('39')s power on profit rates, facilitates the supervision and control of the central bank and to response automatically to economic conditions.

Economic resilience refers to the ability of an economy to be resilient to economic shocks. Returning to the same growth path before the shock is not necessarily desirable, especially if the previous growth path is lower than the growth path at the time of the shock. Therefore, the effect of shocks to the country's economy and the response of economic resilience to these shocks should be examined. In the present study, using the data of Iran in a period of 36 years between 1361-1396, this issue has been studied. The results show that in the long run, interest rate shocks cause the economy to reach a level below the previous equilibrium level and other shocks cause the economy to reach a level above the pre-shock equilibrium level.In the present study, to investigate the economic resilience response to economic shocks in Iran, by the method of impulse response analysis (IR) in vector auto-regressive (VAR) models using data from the databases of the Central Bank of Iran and the world Bank  and Eviews9 software used.

Wellbeing and prosperity is one of the human purposes of all the economic schools. Since, there is an emphasis on the human nature in Islam, we could not consider the quality of life outside the purposes of economics in Islam. life is the biggest blessing that God has gifted to humans. Having a desirable life has always been and is the will and desire of the man. The quality of life is a concept that has been considered as a basis of development for portraying the wellbeing of the Society and the humans. This thesis aims to find an answer to the question that what relationship has been between the relative deprivation feelings  and the quality of life in peoples. The statistical population of this investigation has been comprised of the eighteen years  and older residents of The city of Tehran in the year 1400. The method of this research was survey study and the information collected by the technique of face to face in the format of questionnaire. The magnitude of this study was four hundred and four people and the samples were selected using the possible random sampling of city blocking  between the five regions ( north, south, east, west and  center). For judgement regarding the assumptions, we have used the Pearson’s coefficient correlation test, path analysis and the multivariate regression. The findings showed that; increasing the relative deprivation feelings reduced the quality of life in the citizens and vice versa. With this saying, by increasing the relative deprivation feelings, at first, the quality of life reduces heavily and then, decreases its descending intensity. The important matter in this investigation is that the elementary units of increase in the relative deprivation feelings have more affects on  decreasing the quality of life. It’s likely reason is adoption the feelings of inequality by peoples and internalizing them by passing of time.

According to the efficient market hypothesis, stock prices should reflect all available company information such as stock returns and stock volatility, liquidity indicators also provide information about the value of the company and its future performance to the market. The present study examines the effect of stock liquidity in the market on credit risk and it is assumed that the companychr('39')s stock with low liquidity in the stock market is the cause of the companychr('39')s higher credit risk. This research uses experimental data of 158 listed companies during the period 2007-2018 to test this hypothesis. To measure credit risk from the Black-Scholes-Merton model and market-related data (stock volatility, stock returns, company value, profitability) and liquidity criteria (bid-ask difference, Amihod non-liquidity ratio criterion, The ratio of stock turnover ratio, turnover ratio to stock volatility criterion was used. And stock fluctuations of other variables have a significant relationship with the probability of default and the risk of default.

People face moral dilemmas in their lives. Managers, accountants, and auditors also face a variety of situations in their careers, situations that tempt them to engage in unethical behavior. One of these unethical behaviors is fraud and earnings manipulation, which leads to ethical failure in companies. Given the potential for financial statement fraud and its detrimental effects on the economy, preventing and detecting financial fraud is important to prevent its disastrous consequences. Therefore, the introduction of an early detection tool is essential to alert executive bodies to further investigation or legal action. Developing a model through which to predict earnings manipulation and detect the unethical behavior of managers, allows for a better evaluation of the company's performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the ability of Beneish and Spathis models to detect fraudulent financial reporting. Then the coefficients of these two models were adjusted using logistic regression and the ability of these two new adjusted models to detect fraudulent financial reporting was investigated. In this regard, the data of 99 manufacturing companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (1089 observations) during the years 2008 – 2018 were reviewed. The results show that the initial model of Beneish and Spathis does not have good power in detecting fraudulent financial reporting, but the adjusted model of Beneish and the adjusted model of Spathis are able to detect fraudulent financial reporting with 83% and 82% accuracy, respectively.

Performance can be overshadowed by the company's investment, financing, as well as tax incentives such as special economic zone tax exemptions. As tax breaks increase, companies have more access to financing sources and thus can invest more. Finally, with increasing investment and financing, one can expect the company's performance to improve. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a model to explain the role of tax exemption and financing and investment decisions on the performance of investment companies in the Amirabad Special Economic Zone. The research environment was Amirabad Special Economic Zone in Mazandaran province and the research community was the companies operating in the region. In this regard, 101 questionnaires were collected by random sampling method from the managing director or administrative and financial deputy, financial manager, chief accounting officer and expert in charge of revenue and accounting. In this regard, the validity was confirmed based on the formal and content method and the reliability was based on Cronbach's alpha of 0.892 and was confirmed. Data were analyzed using SPSS and SMART PLS software. The results of testing the research hypotheses indicate a positive and significant effect of tax exemptions on financing and investment decisions. Also, financing and investment decisions ultimately lead to increasing the performance of investment companies in the Amirabad Special Economic Zone. In addition, tax exemptions directly (in addition to indirect effects through the mediating role of financing and investment decisions) increase performance. Also, in companies with tax exemptions, the role of financing on performance is not significant. In companies without tax exemption, this effect is significant.