فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 45، زمستان 1400)

Geopolitical and geostrategic position in the Persian Gulf region has high visibility. Iran as an important country in the region, geographically and culturally in their evolutionary history has been effecting the region and the particular geopolitical situation. Among the measures taken by Iran in the Persian Gulf region necessities of the main actors responsible for them: world energy supply infrastructure and economic cooperation, security cooperation and the International Union of multilateralism at the regional level to ensure fair participation in the decision-making without the direct participation of Iran in the region has become a serious challenge. Without the participation of Iran in the Persian Gulf due to lack of opposition against extra-regional forces in the Persian Gulf to the nature of the industrial world will lose control and complete colonization will be possible. So establishing the identity and nature of Iran's Persian Gulf geopolitical region and its surrounding lands, it seems necessary. Iran as a regional power to establish the convergence to the importance of relations with members of the region to be able to eventually raise the height of the convergence in the region. Research that is fundamental and descriptive methods and data were collected through library and computer is done, attempts to show the role of Iran in the Persian Gulf is geopolitical.

One of the most important strategies for proper waste management, which is currently the first priority in urban waste management in many countries, is cost management and waste segregation to generate revenue. The present study, using statistics related to resident population, waste generation and segregation and with the help of quantum algorithm, has provided a model for waste management in different areas of Tehran Region 4 during different months of 1996. District 7 with more than 182,000 people and District 8 with more than 52,000 people are the most populous and least populated areas in Region 4, respectively. District 7 in 1996, with a waste production of more than 4 tons, had the highest amount of waste production among the nine districts of Region 4, so that it alone has produced more than 3 times more waste than District 9. On average, it can be said that in 1996, approximately 23.15% of the total waste in District 4 of Tehran was collected separately. In the same year, District 7 with 23.73% was the best district and District 6 with 15.34% was the least efficient district in this field.

 This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the social vulnerability of the Karaj district in the descriptive analytical method using the VIKOR model. In this research, sampling of seven neighborhoods of Karaj from the old texture of Karaj was selected on the basis of a detailed design. Based on the Cochran formula, the population size of the sample was determined. Accordingly, in this research, while measuring social vulnerability in targeted areas, firstly, identifying and defining operational indicators that affect the vulnerability of urban neighborhoods. Subsequently, using the survey method and the questionnaire, the required information was collected and then, by using the VIKOR method, the target areas were prioritized and finally analyzed using non-parametric statistics. Accordingly, in this study, while measuring social vulnerability in the results of the research, it showed that the time and place in the area of social vulnerability is very low and the area of Turkabad is in the range of medium vulnerability and the social vulnerability of Sheikh Saadi and Karaj is very high. And Isfahani and Qalamstan neighborhoods with QI = 0 and QI = 883 respectively are close to the ideal model of the VIKOR model, are less vulnerable to social vulnerability indicators. The variables of human and social capacities predict 0.37 the rate of social vulnerability in the studied areas. Therefore, in all targeted neighborhoods, the mentioned indices (P

In this study, the matrix triple Internal Factors, External factors & combinatorial, each aspect of the model is assessed and measured. According to the matrix product strategies in the four conditions (WT, SO, WO and ST) determine, and formed Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), Attractiveness of various strategies are determined, and then they will be prioritized. This is an applied research and developmental. For evaluating and assigning weights to the variables, a questionnaire was designed and the group was targeted. Study Examples was randomly selected and the Cochrane formula is used to determine the number of Examples.The findings obtained from the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) showed that Among the strategies developed based on SWOT, commercial and economic development strategies and development of tourism infrastructure (ST4) and coastline improvement based on international standards (ST5) having the highest score (2.15 and 1.98, respectively) had the highest interest, and Exhibiting and festivals of different strategies at different levels (ST9) with a score of 1.92 is the least attractive. showed that the strategies developed strategies, focusing on the needs and strategies to achieve the main precondition for development, Spread roads, rail network (ST7) and emphasize the main advantages of the introduction of boundary conditions (ST1) having the highest score (2.3 and 1.66, respectively) had the highest interest, and strategy coordination among executive agencies (ST4) with a score of 0.81 is the least attractive.

Tourists' perception of the personality characteristics of a destination is one of the most important factors that influence their choice of destination. But despite the importance of this issue, identifying the personality traits of the country's tourism destinations and creating a unique identity for them has rarely been the focus of tourism studies. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the most important personality traits of Guilan province as one of the most popular tourism destinations in the country, using qualitative research and content analysis method. In the first part, through conducting semi-structured interviews with 11 experts in the fields of tourism and marketing and analyzing the content of interview data and encoding them, 55 personality traits were identified and then 65 personality traits from the most researches done for tourism purposes were also added to these. After removing duplicates or unrelated, the list consisting of 102 personality traits was set. Then in the second part of the study, this comprehensive collection of personality traits was provided to another group of tourism, marketing, and psychology experts to select the closest personality traits to describe the province. At this point, those features that earned score 4 and above remained on the list and the rest of the list was removed. At the end of this stage, 16 personality traits remained in the list for describing the Guilan province as a tourist destination, classified according to the similarities and relationships between these features, in three dimensions: unique, warm, and stylish.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the land use changes in Pirbazar village during the last two decades. The research method is based on applied purpose and on the basis of descriptive-analytical nature and has been studied in both library and field methods. In library studies section of agricultural census information of Pirbazar district was obtained from functions of central part of Rasht city from provincial planning and budget organization. For the purpose of research, questionnaires were collected from local managers of Pirbazar district and analyzed by SPSS software. it placed. The sampling method in the present study was all census and sample size was 18 people. Landsat 7 and 8 satellite imagery data for 2000, 2010, 2017 were also used in GIS software. According to the findings,1127 hectares of agricultural land have been changed in Pirbazar district. Therefore, correlation coefficients of distance and accessibility to the city are higher and rural integration and integration (r = 0/69, P = 0.000) can be the most important. An influential factor was the pattern of land use changes in Pirbazar village. Also the results of satellite images of the last two decades showed that residential-commercial-industrial land use has changed by %7/15 and wasteland by %9/9 Land use decreased by %6/4 and land use by %9/20 reduction in area.

In this study, in order to determine the drought trend and calculate the reliable precipitation in Khuzestan, the data of annual precipitation of 11 stations in the province during the period of 25 years (2017-1993) was selected. In the next step, SPSS software was used to determine the statistical characteristics of precipitation stations (mean, geometric mean, standard deviation, coefficient of drought and drought variation of triple indices (DRI, PNPI, ZSIAP) for all stations. Then, based on the rainfall thresholds, the yearly, dry, normal, and wetting periods of the stations were calculated for each of the indices. The results showed that, comparing the corresponding computational values of the mentioned indices, the standardized precipitation index (ZSIAP) was more appropriately identified with greater reliability and reliability. Studies have revealed that, since 2007 and the entry into the final decade of the statistical period, not only the severity and frequency of droughts has increased, but also the multiplicity and diversity of drought stations have increased, so that most stations, especially the southwest, have more droughts have experienced. Drought regression using the Man-Kendall test showed that during the study period, Bostan, Behbahan, Shooshtar and Dezful stations have not been trendy. Omidieh, Izeh, Masjed Soleiman, Mahshahr, Abadan, Ramhormoz, Ahwaz have had a negative trend - the severity of droughts in these areas has increased.

The vitality, physical excitement, and activity in a city context occurs when the original inhabitants of that context, together with private investors, are interested in the presence, life and activity of the subject, and it is worth considering for themselves; therefore, any intervention In urban context, such as upgrading, rehabilitation, reconstruction and rehabilitation, it is effective when it comes to maximizing the participation of people living together with investors and, if this partnership is social, its impact will double, so to realize this, Factors influencing social participation must be recognized. This research will exploit the content and argumentative content analysis methods first and then the components that affect social participation in urban regeneration are extracted. Then, using the spss software and factor analysis, the components affecting The four categories will be divided into a range of factors (from internal factors to external factors), and, moreover, the types of factors will determine the way social participation in regenation be. The social factor has the highest frequencywith 32%, after that, the cultural factoris 26% and the physical factors had14% highest frequency.

Rural tourism is one of the most important forms of tourism, especially in developing countries and It should be considered as a potentially important tool for economic and social development. Therefore, tourism can be effective in developing some indicators. Social capital indicators are a clear sample of this subject. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of tourism in improving the social capital indicators of rural settlements. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field studies using a questionnaire tool. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field studies using a questionnaire tool. The sample size of 384 people was calculated and questionable at the level of three villages of tourism destination of Paveh County (villages of Hajij, Khanqah and Shamshir). The results showed that tourism has contributed to the improvement of social capital and Indicators are at a significant level below 0.05. The average of total indicators (3.68) indicates the extent of this effect. The only indicator of formation of associations and support institutions with an average of 2.55, has taken a very small role in tourism. Anova's test showed that there is a difference between villages in terms of social capital indicators according to the role of tourism. The largest difference is in the village of Swords with an average of 3.60. The average index of people's tend to enter the tourist is equal to 3.89, which reflects the positive attitude of the people towards tourists.

In the present century, the development and advancement of science in various fields on the basis of extensive communications is under way, advancement that is actually based on responding to 21st century human needs. With the approach of integrating the use of information technology with urban living as well as the challenges such as population growth, urbanization and level of needs, overuse of resources and economic crises, various ideas have been put forward to solve these problems by using smart technology. It is likely that the smartening of an urban community will have a significant impact on the quality of life of citizens, according to which scholars have introduced the term intelligent life. According to the searches, different dimensions and indicators in the field of smart living and its quality assessment have been presented. In this study, at the first step we want to determine the dimensions and indicators of smart city and smart living by analyzing valid research. In the next step we want to determine the importance of dimensions and indicators based on pairwise comparison according to the experts. For this purpose, we used AHP analysis in software Expert Choice. Analyzes show that the development of the use of smart technologies in information and communication technology in the metropolis of Tehran, respectively, in the areas of health, security and safety, education and culture, housing and buildings, respectively, have the greatest impact on creating a smart urban living and improve the quality of life.

Today, with the increasing use of vehicles in cities, Increasing the fueling stations (Gaz stations)it gets more attention. Improper spatial distribution of these locations and low quality of service and also a small number of them in cities including problems that will bring the minds of many researchers to urban issues. Quantity (number and mode of distribution, etc.)and quality (safety and service) as station sites of the most important factors In attracting citizens to supply fuel their vehicles are considered and leading to earn more money for station owners and provide more convenient service to users. This study is based on practical purpose. The method used is descriptive-analytical. As well as the relevant documents and questionnaires and field resources have been used. Using the shannon entropy technique has been, seven indicators of the status of the gas station in regions 1 and 7 metropolitan ahwaz the evaluation and ranking. the results showed that the ranking position of the gas station of the seven indices studied based on the shannon entropy model,gas stations;respectively ranked first and seventh,with the degree of priority,are located.Fotouhi, 3shercati, sepidar ,ghaem ,pol-e-panjom ,2shercati ,5shercati, 23/0709-22/0755-20/134-15/3703- 12/5983- 11/4321- 11/1331.

Nowadays , numerous challenges have emerged cause of increasing expansion of urbanization. Accordingly, global focus has shifted towards the comprehensive development of cities, and also improvement of countries. One of the most important urban development’s approaches is to focus on the smallest unit, in fact the neighborhoods within the framework of neighborhood planning , with an emphasis on enhancing the quality of life and providing an appropriate context for the formation of community spaces in order to be aware of the requirements and coordinate the projects are presented with the necessity of the local community. Women, as the most influential social groups, play a key role in development of countries. Therefore, the present study seeks to explore the role of women in the local community for the development of the neighborhood. This research is a developmental research with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative). Initially, in the form of an open questionnaire, in-depth interviews were conducted with experts to identify the dimensions, components and indicators of the research and were analyzed by Maxqda12 software. Next, the newborn model was entered into Smart pls software for analysis. It was a little bit. The results show that women in the local community play a moderating role in development, which in turn accelerates neighborhood development. Also, factors of political and institutional structures, women's right to the city, education and awareness and finally cultural beliefs and attitudes are the most important factors affecting the role of women in the development of Tarasht neighborhood.

In the city of Shiraz, there has been a lot of research on the historical pattern, but the key point has been the lack of strategic and clear vision for the continuation of historical pattern sustainable regeneration. Accordingly, in this paper, using the SWOT Strategic Technique, it has been attempted to answer the key question that considering the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities, and threats of Shiraz historical pattern, what is the most appropriate strategy to regenerate this pattern? Strategic Quantitative Matrix (QSPM) was used to prioritize strategies. This research is applied research in terms of purpose and its methodology is descriptive-analytic. Documentary surveys, as well as field studies of questionnaires and interviews with relevant experts, were used to collect the required data. The findings show that the status of Shiraz's historical pattern is in a competitive state among the four aggressive, defensive, conservative and competitive states of the SWOT model, which means, strategies must be formulated to avoid the upcoming threats through the strengths. Therefore,the competitive strategy is a suggested strategy for regenerating the historical pattern of Shiraz. In addition, in the prioritization using Quantitative Planning Matrix (QSPM), among the formulated strategies, the highest attractiveness was related to “paying more attention to the functional values of the pattern as an important part of the main city center of Shiraz and strengthening the buildings against natural disasters” and “Promoting the Role of Historic-Cultural and Religious Valuable Elements and Transparency and Sustainability of Urban Management Policies and Programs and reconstruction of the Region”

The purpose of the present study is to design a multi-cycle cold supply chain based on multiple cross-ports in regional transportation and its role in land development and planning. In the first step, we first identified the factors and variables of the model. In the second stage, by selecting the study period by designing data collection forms and using the methods of document review, the raw data required to measure the final indicators were collected and in the form of a design model, the necessary processing was performed on them. Then, according to the research topic and using two techniques of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization are analyzed. In this research, the problem had three different and opposite objective functions. The primary objective function is to minimize the cost of transportation and warehousing throughout the supply chain. The second objective function, which aims to minimize the total time of operations within the supply chain and the number of vehicles, and finally the third objective function, which aims to maximize the product freshness time. It has been shown that simply saving on the cost function, regardless of the delivery time of the products, is in good condition. Then, using simulated examples, it is shown that the L 1 metric method can make a good agreement between cost and time objective function. In the next step,

Evaluating sustainable buildings makes different challenges for construction industry which all the countries in the world face with. Iran is in the beginning of this path and the researches and actions done in this field are limited. Accordingly, this study focuses on determining the environmental criteria in order to assess the level of sustainability in newly built residential constructions in Iran. In this study, the research method from the perspective of study's aim is practical and from the method's own view, is descriptive – analytical. Collecting data, initially, is done through studying documents along with analytical – comparative assessment and then via Fuzzy Delphi technique and questionnaire survey. Finally, the headlines and achieved environmental criteria are ranked based on AHP technique. In the part of documentary study, after reviewing 116 systems of sustainability, the 5 top systems as the best systems, are analyzed and compared with each other. As a result, 2 systems as LEED and BREEAM are selected to be modified as the most comprehensive and updated systems in the field of environmental subjects. For the next step, according to mentioned studies and analyzing the qualitative content of the interviews done along with Delphi techniques, 6 environmental headlines and 51 criteria of environmental assessment are modified as: energy, environmental pollutions, materials and resources, water, waste, sustainable site.

The employment crisis and the high unemployment rate and its social, economic and political consequences have made politicians and policymakers always pay special attention to this issue, so that regardless of the consequences and destructive effects of widespread unemployment in economic and social issues, The political aspects of this phenomenon also pointed out that the present study is a study of social and economic factors, barriers to investment in sustainable employment projects and creating a leap in production. In terms of practical purpose and in terms of method, it is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information and data is through a researcher-made questionnaire with face-to-face and field interview technique. The validity test used in this study is face and content validity. To obtain the reliability of the research questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha method was used, which showed an acceptable value with 87% alpha. The number of selected samples from the statistical population of the study was 324 people with the condition of entering the sample who used employment loans between 1997 and 2017 and were selected by simple random sampling. Various statistical tests were used to analyze the data. The results of path analysis and factor analysis showed that the variables of social capital, government intervention, and corruption and property rights have a significant impact on job creation and production jumps.

The city of Zahedan, due to its first urban location, national and regional location, and economic and political performance, has caused migration and population concentration. It can be seen in the expansion of suburban areas, the unbalanced distribution of facilities, the emergence of environmental problems and citizens' dissatisfaction, and finally, the reduction of quality of life. The purpose of this article is to evaluate and analyze the components of quality of life in urban areas of Zahedan. The nature of the research is applied and in terms of descriptive-analytical method, the data are collected by documentary and survey methods. The statistical population included 592968 citizens of Zahedan who were randomly analyzed using Cochran's formula of 400 people. The research tool is a questionnaire whose reliability has been obtained by completing the ‌30 questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha coefficient (above 0.7). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software and to compare and measure economic, social, physical and environmental variables, one-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (Anova) and post hoc and interest tests. ‌ Taking the Tukey method was used. The mean of quality of life variable in general was 2.48. Based on the results, it was found that the quality of life in the five districts of Zahedan is in an unfavorable situation. In this regard, region one was in a better situation than other regions and region four had the lowest level of quality of life in the five regions studied.

One of the main issues regarding the design of low-income housing complexes is that there is no comprehensive model that can be used to reduce social harm in these complexes. In this regard, in this article, the main purpose of social pathology of low-income residential complexes is based on the physical characteristics of architecture. This article was descriptive-analytical according to the nature and type of research which is developmental-applied and the method of doing it. It was noteworthy that questionnaires and interviews were used as the main tools for data collection. In this dissertation, the questionnaires were distributed and completed by the statistical community through random sampling. The statistical population was the residents of low-income residential complexes in the new city of Sadra, which was equivalent to 35,318 people. Also, Amos statistical analysis software using structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that furniture and infrastructure, functional system, access, light and lighting, activity-user system and spatial physicality have the greatest impact on social harm, respectively, and this effect on the components of social harm for security 1. 01 and for social relations, cognition and participation of residents is calculated 0.66.

Due to population growth and increasing migration to larger cities, uncontrollable development of urban areas, creation of new settlements, declining levels of human welfare and the emergence of many urban problems, especially in developing countries, the need to develop an optimal model of urban development plans and change It is felt from a static and traditional approach to a flexible, participatory, strategic and strategic approach. Therefore, in this research, following the feasibility study of strategic-structural plans in guiding the development of the middle city of Marand, it is felt. Theoretical data by documentary method and experimental data by field and questionnaire method were prepared from 383 citizens by Cochran sampling. In data processing and measuring the intensity of variables, SPS and LISREL software and one-sample test have been used. The general results of the research indicate the unfavorable situation of Marand city in four indicators of urban development strategy. Banking, competitiveness and competitiveness of the city with averages of 2.38 and 2.12 are in a more favorable situation, respectively, and indicators of good urban governance and viability with an average of 1.71 and 1.72 are in a very unfavorable situation. It is clear that the balanced distribution of the urban center and the balanced system of the urban hierarchy went away, and also before the development of the middle city of Marand, unresolved urban barriers and constraints must be overcome so that the city does not face problems after development. Obtained reasonable from residential spaces.

In the world, due to the process of industrialization, cities faced a new wave of migration, which has caused changes in various structures of the city, including economic, social, cultural and physical spatial structure. The structure of cities after a huge migration, They have undergone many changes and the diversity of demographic ethnicity in cities has caused heterogeneity in the structure of cities; Therefore, in order to study the structure of cities, especially the physical spatial structure, natural and human barriers should be examined, as well as the relationship and interaction of these phenomena with each other and on the development of the city. In this descriptive-analytical article, the influential factors in the emergence and development of the neighborhoods of Dogonbadan, which is a multi-faceted city, have been explained by the Demitel method. The results indicate that the factors influencing the emergence and development of Dogonbadan neighborhoods, spatial differences in economic resources and wealth in the country, have caused differences in urban landscapes and each city, like the specific economic context of Dogonbadan city and its performance Also recovered from the same conditions.

The present study was designed and implemented to a model of factors affecting the improvement of the role of sport tourism in the development of peaceful relations. The present study is a type of applied research that was conducted in the field. The method of this study was mixed in terms of data collection method which was applied qualitatively-quantitatively. The statistical population of the present study in the qualitative sector includes elites and experts in the field of sport tourism. The sampling method in the qualitative section was purposive. Also in the quantitative part of the statistical community, in addition to individuals, some managers and experts of sport tourism organizations and persons familiar with the field of sport tourism, including the Cultural Heritage, Crafts and Tourism Organization, the Ministry of Sport and Youth, as well as some academic professors there were tourism fields. The research tool consisted of semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire. Interpretive structural modeling and structural equations were used to analyze the data of the present study. The whole process of data analysis was done in SPSS and PLS software. Qualitative research results showed that 28 identified factors were categorized into 6 factors including altruistic culture, adequate security and safety, management practices, human aspects, international contexts and collaborative activities. The results also showed that the results of the present study showed that sufficient safety and security as the underlying factor in the model of the research causes other factors.

The above research is of a fundamental type, with a qualitative-interpretive method and inference of information through existing documents with a descriptive-analytical approach, data collection and data The library has also sought to answer this question by taking notes from available and available sources: US foreign policy strategy to consolidate its position of global hegemony at the international system level after the aggressive internationalism plan has so far been affected. What programs has it been from? it seems that the US strategy in the field of foreign policy, after the offensive internationalism plan, based on its grand strategy, has set its ultimate goal of consolidating its position and global hegemony. But the plans and policies of the presidents (Bush-Obama-Trump) to consolidate this position and hegemony have been to use different ideas from each other (unilateralism, multilateralism, pragmatism). That is, the goal is the same, but the ways to achieve it will be different. The importance and necessity of conducting research is also an analysis of US foreign policy plans during the three presidencies of George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump to consolidate its position of global hegemony at the level of the international system.

Environmental transformation in natural resources is a uniform and normal process in nature, but with the spread of destructive human processes and the indiscriminate use of forests and pastures in recent decades in the province and the proximity and transition of natural currents from these damage factors. It has caused environmental imbalances and climate change and irreparable damage to green resources, which leads to natural hazards such as soil erosion, declining vegetation, natural disasters and ultimately desertification. However, the protection of these resources has become more in the focus of policy makers and decision makers in the country in order to achieve sustainable development, but tasteful and utilitarian decisions with different attitudes from policy makers have paved the way for criminals. Influenced by the discourse of radical criminologists, the approach of green criminology analyzes the political, economic, cultural and social situations of the country that lead to crimes against forests and pastures. Now, the important issue of why crimes occur and the identification of its perpetrators is in the light of this approach, which often considers the actors as governmental and non-governmental legal entities and its victims as the general public. The executive and even the judiciary of the country should take more sensitive steps towards the integration of laws and the prevention of environmental crimes, and the elimination of fragmentation of laws and votes, and the protection of the province's green resources.

The opposite article tries to answer the main question based on scenario planning, which is one of the most important analytical methods of future research, what are the causes of the difference between ISIL and Jabhat al-Nusra and where will it go? In other words, how will the takfiri currents go? In other words, how will the takfiri currents go, and what popular tendencies will determine the status of these systems in the future? With the start of the Arab uprisings, despite the optimism, the Islamist democratic currents remained in the throes of events and developments, and instead the Takfiri groups managed to expand their sphere of influence so that in less than four years, dozens of military and paramilitary groups Takfiris were formed in such a way that large parts of Syria and Iraq are now in the hands of currents such as ISIS and Al-Nusra or aligned Takfiri groups. And the relative passivity of the great powers, especially the United States, at the international level has paved the way for the spread of takfiri movements in Iraq and Syria. The spread of the above currents has practically caused the spread of crises and conflicts in the Middle East and its consequences to the Western world, and therefore provides the ground for more role and mobility of international actors.

The trade is an ancient human activity dating back to well-known human history.The present article seeks to explain how national rules and regulations for the standardization of goods and services affect the development of international trade. Therefore, the authors tried to extract and analyze the indicators of the effectiveness of national laws and regulations in the field of standards of goods and services in the development of international trade. A descriptive-analytic method was employed to analyze the indicators and answer the research questions. The data were collected through library and documentary search and validated scientific databases. Results show that national standard rules and regulations affect the development of international trade through productivity, sustainable development, barriers to import and quality assurance, Regulatory governance, trade Liberalization, Joining Global Trade, considering the regional standards of exporting countries national security, maintaining the prestige, commercial position of the country, standard classification systems and supply chain.

The city is the most fundamental base of human society, through which human goals evolve and develop.Cities have a variety of functions, these functions are based on the history and location of the city.Urban functions are influenced by two elements of power and competition, which by nature can be expanded at the national, local, regional and supra-regional levels.The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain these functions and the degree of association of a religious city with the case of Mashhad.This research has been done with two descriptive-analytical methods. The resources used are references to the relevant library, documents, articles and websites that have been collected.Also, a questionnaire was prepared to obtain the opinions of experts to explain the geopolitical indicators of religious cities. Finally, this data was analyzed using Friedman SPSS software.The results of this study show the geopolitical indicators of religious cities, especially the holy city of Mashhad, what capacities, functions and capabilities have in order to promote the political management of the city and its relationship at the local, national, transnational and regional scales.

The purpose of this study is to investigating the effect of reed fibers on concrete engineering characteristics made of sediments of Hormak River(North of Zahedan)and its use in Reinforcement of structures against earthquakes.In this study, in order to investigate the effect of reed fibers on the engineering properties of concrete, the ratio of water to cement in all designs is constant and equal to 195 to 410 and experiments have been performed on 5 samples containing fibers and without fibers, before determining the optimal amount of each From the mentioned fibers to strengthen the concrete, the results of the necessary tests on fresh and hardened concrete were examined. In this study, in addition to mixing straw fibers with concrete,laboratory methods such as Compressive and tensile strength were used to confirm the accuracy of the results and the importance of selecting suitable materials at low cost in a short time before the concrete mixing project. The results show that the addition of straw fibers to concrete has increased the compressive strength in concrete samplesComparing the results of this test in ordinary concrete and fiber reinforced concrete, showed that this increase in strength at the ages of 7 to 28 days has increased only in samples S2 and S3 and is Similar to the typical concrete example isS1, While in S4 and S5 samples, which were samples of three-row fibers,there is a large decrease in compressive strength.Adding straw fibers initially increases the compressive and tensile strengths, but over time reduces these resistances.

Physical-spatial developments have been expanding in many villages over the last two decades. This trend has developed in habitats with natural attractions, such as the mountains, waterfalls and fruit gardens, and especially the shrine. Lands and gardens to residential areas have turned farmers away from continuing farming activities. One of the most important rural areas of Tehran affected by this phenomenon. Since Solghan and Bakhshand have undergone many changes, also to Investigate Land Use Transformations from Landsat 5 and 7 Satellite Images Information 1991 to 2016 is used in GIS software. The research method depends on the purpose and nature of the research and its feasibility, so according to the nature of the present study, the research method is descriptive in which we examine the status of developments and make the results practical, resulting in a day-to-day approach. In addition to rural residents changing land use and converting them into marketable pieces of land to build second homes, this process has changed the rural socio-cultural context of the area to change the rural landscape, texture, physical, structural and functional change of the villages. . Consequently, as awareness of land use patterns and changes over time is a prerequisite for optimal use of national capital, therefore, land use mapping as the most important goal in natural resource base management can be the case Notice.

Irregular and unregulated constructions have to a large extent destroyed national resources and wealth and caused the waste of materials; And this has caused the residential construction industry in Iran today to face a crisis of productivity management and choice of materials. This confusion is seen in all phases of project implementation (design, calculation, implementation and operation). And new materials in order to prevent the loss of materials in residential buildings in Iran. Residential buildings were interviewed and questionnaires and the obtained data were analyzed using Shannon technique. The questions of this article are based on its purpose What are the effective indicators to prevent the production of waste in residential buildings? How can the purpose of this research be explained and developed based on the indicators mentioned? The results show that the two indicators of "harmony in the dimensions of the building" and "thoughtful productivity of technology and new materials" have the greatest impact on preventing the production of construction waste.

The ancient Iranian-Islamic cities have formed an integrated and stable system by establishing a physical and spatial connection between the economic, social, administrative, cultural and environmental components. Among these features, division of spaces, group and social structure of neighborhoods, physical and spatial cohesion of the bazaar and the Grand Mosque with each other. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between the elements of the Iranian-Islamic city such as human-centeredness, security, the principle of hierarchy, naturalism and boundary with the physical structure of historical contexts to study this relationship in the historical context of Birjand. The type of the present study is analytical-interpretive and the data used is the information on the characteristics of the Iranian-Islamic city extracted in historical books and writings and the current map of the historical context of Birjand, which is drawn in GIS ARC software and the results of this comparison. Has been analyzed. The results showed that based on the relationship between the historical and cultural characteristics of the texture with the neighborhood-centered element, the relationship between the geographical elements of the texture and the element of naturalism, the religious function of the texture with the human-centered element was in line with the Iranian-Islamic model. However, based on the principle of local hierarchy and continuity, due to the construction of new streets and the loss of communication between alleys, as well as changes in the type of building, the texture has changed and has moved away from the Iranian-Islamic city model.

Evidence suggests that inequalities within regions are the result of top-down development programs and the policy-making process, with spatial consequences of increasing centralization in major and limited urban centers. Accordingly, one of the adjustment policies aimed at reducing inequality and strengthening the existence of cities is to emphasize the flow of competitiveness based on specific legal, political, ecological, social and economic characteristics between urban centers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting the competitiveness of urban centers in West Azerbaijan province. A qualitative-quantitative approach has been used to do this article. In the first part, drivers are identified by experts in the field (Delphi) by weighting software, extraction weights and dimensions, and then by Meta-SWOT software, 15 effective factors. The competitiveness of urban development in the time horizon of 1410 was determined and again provided to experts by Delphi method. The results show the fact that the metropolis of Urmia, with its first position of competitiveness, is still the center of space currents in the province. Meanwhile, public investment strategies, the attention of policy makers, planners and officials, the interest of the private sector in investing in the province and the lack of large-scale development infrastructure are the most important factors determining the competitiveness of urban development. In the final part, Micmac software was used by ranking and extracting the impact matrix and believable situations in the competitiveness of urban development of the province were identified with a specific futuristic approach and proposed strategies.

With the arrival of modern architecture in Iran, public buildings were influenced by this trend more than any other type of building and took on a functional and simple form. With the coming to power of Pahlavi, Reza Shah, who was trying to erase the memory of Qajar and create a new mentality and identity, also faced the city of Tabriz with many modern constructions and instruments. In the first Pahlavi period, the fusion of style resulting from influence or combination, itself led to a kind of architecture with a prominent style. In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the impact of public buildings of the first Pahlavi period (1940-1922) of Tabriz on tradition and modernity, based on the opinion of architectural experts. The research method is descriptive-analytical with survey method. The statistical population was 102 architects who had a sample size of 50 people. TOPSIS technique with SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that the leather factory is more modern than other buildings according to the respondents' opinion based on each of the components of plan, interior decoration, form, geometry, materials with a degree of proximity of 0.737. The building of Tabriz Municipality, with a degree of closeness of 0.0916, is more traditional than other buildings. It is concluded that in most these buildings, a combination of traditional and modern elements has been used, which according to the results of similar research, indicates the unique nature of the architecture of that period.

Cities by the sea have a special position. They are located on the coastline, ie the line of collision and the place of divorce of two different geographical environments (land and water) and therefore are affected by the environmental conditions of these two geographical spaces from any point. Coastal cities are in some ways similar to mountain towns and narrow plain towns. Among the longitudinal or linear distribution of these cities and its consequences, are one of these similarities. And includes mountains. The second group is cities located on low and beach beaches (sandy and sandy beaches). In general, the development direction of coastal cities follows the topographic and geomorphic conditions of the coastline and the hinterland. Evaluation and analysis of measures of roughness is urban planning using AHP hierarchical analysis process, but in addition to the main purpose, sub-objectives are also considered by the researcher, the results of which lead to environmental damage and urban development.

Architectural heritage with its natural foundations is the bedrock of its establishment in complete continuity, and this connection creates values that have been neglected in the evolution of recognizing the values of architectural heritage, and the emphasis on identifying and explaining them will ensure the integration of the work with its context. The present study aims to enhance valuation knowledge and develop a value-oriented perspective in the field of architectural heritage conservation by seeking to calculate place values to complete the existing classification. On the other hand, in order to protect the architectural heritage, in addition to identifying all the values related to the work, the continuity of these values in the context of time is also an undeniable necessity. The present study with a qualitative approach and logical reasoning strategy and case study method, first by reading and analyzing related texts and theories, refines the concepts of "place values" and "continuity" in architectural heritage and then by analyzing data, components of "continuity”, "Place value indices" and the dimensions of their occurrence have been extracted as research findings and used to formulate the conceptual framework of the research. Finally, a set of data obtained from theoretical foundations and field studies in order to . The findings of this study show that "dynamics of elements" and "permanence of relationships" are components of continuity and the relationship between "natural foundations", "human presence" and "architecture" as indicators of place value in landscape, structural, functional and semantic dimensions.

The old texture of Kerman can not be considered a worn texture that can be considered in the comprehensive urban design, and also it can not be considered in accordance with the needs of the urban day, which was expected to have a proper performance. The issue of how to carefully maintain it from the current situation should be done by experts and city managers is the core of the research. Accordingly, in the present research, in the research method section, the combined method has been used and qualitative principles and quantitative information in this regard have been studied and analyzed and finally argued. In a small part of the research of scientific field operations based on the statistical population and case analyzes according to snowball sampling and other statistical and informational cases based on Spss software, field interviews and operational questionnaires have been done. Based on dealing with historical and territorial issues in the research, the historical contextualism approach has been used to create a better solution for obtaining quantitatively accurate information. Based on the research findings, the architectural components under the architectural codes in the spatial structure in the form of consistent architectural form, human scale proportions, form and functional structure of the architectural building, use of readable and durable materials and payment to a simple and textured view, can be adapted The plasticity of texture architecture was used. An issue that can preserve texture values.

Speedy land-use changes in the suburbs of Iran, in present decades, have posed many problems, including the destruction of natural resources, environmental pollution, and inadequate urban growth. In most cases, these effects were due to unprincipled land-use change. Considering the rate of change and destruction of resources in previous years and feasibility, forecasting of these changes, and the growth pattern of the city in the coming years can be a significant step towards planning and optimal use of resources in the future. In this research, using Landsat multi-time satellite images related to 1986, 2002, and 2019, side information and Markov chain model of land-use and land cover changes that have occurred during 33 years in Khoy city to expose the extent of the changes. Convert for each period and forecast the desired uses. To conduct research, first, the images used in terms of the best bands for band composition were reviewed and selected. Then, the neural network method was used to classify and evaluate the accuracy of classification with the kappa coefficient and overall accuracy. Finally, land-use changes for 2036 were predicted using the Markov forecast model. The results show the uncontrolled expansion of built-up areas and severe destruction of agricultural lands from 2002 to 2019 and the sharp decline of barren lands and their conversion into built-up lands within the city limits and suburbs. Modeling the changes also shows that from 2019 to 2036, the city will change to a Mountainous area and gardens for growth.

Growth and development of the city, followed by an increase in urban population over the past few decades, such as misuse of land, slum spread and urban fungus growth, dispersed zinc, inadequate urban land allocation, loss of suburban farmland, weakness Provides in-town services. These issues gave serious consideration to solving urban problems within the city rather than seeking solutions in the suburbs. The purpose of this paper is to explain the smart growth indicators in Urmia city with a foresight approach. Accordingly, two methods of library and field research have been used to collect information. For analysis, 37 indices have been evaluated in the MIMC environment and the direct, indirect and performance effects of each have been identified and finally key proponents have been extracted in this software environment and entered into the Wizard Scenario for scenario analysis and extraction.The results show that there are two types of scenarios (strong and probable) for smart growth in Urmia. There have been 12 possible scenarios. There are 8 scenarios with optimal status and 76 to 63 overall value, two static scenarios with low overall value (19 and 52) and finally two critical scenarios that have values of 17 and 80. In this case, the critical scenario is 12 more likely to be realized than the other scenarios and is ranked second to scenarios 1-8. Finally, suggestions are made to prevent the realization of scenario 12 and the tendency towards scenarios 1-8.

Urban worn texture is known as a problematic urban area, solving this challenge requires a new model that can use all the capacities of society by emphasizing their capabilities and their direct and active role in the process of sustainable development with the cooperation of public, private and civil sectors. One of the efficient management methods in today's cities is good urban governance. Urban governance is based on the interaction between the official organizations and institutions of governing a city on the one hand and non-governmental organizations and civil society organizations on the other. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to Measurement the impact of good urban governance on the recreating of urban worn texture in urban areas Shahreza. The present research, in terms of purpose, is part of applied research and has a descriptive-analytical nature and in terms of method, is in the group of quantitative research. SPSS software (t-test and Kendall tests) were used to analyze the data. The results of t-test showed that the average of most indicators of good urban governance is lower than the average level of the Likert scale (number 3), so it can be said that Shahreza city is at an unfavorable level in terms of indicators of good urban governance. Also, the results of Kendall test showed that there is a significant relationship between the indicators of recreating of urban worn texture and good urban governance in Shahreza.

River sediments are the major component of the aquatic ecosystems and play an important role in the nutrients cycle and contaminants transformation in river systems. Therefore, in this study, Analysis of Histological features of Sarbaz River sediments and Estimation of river sediment load in Pishin dam Drainage basin, east of Sistan and Baluchestan province, has been studied. For sedimentation, in this study, extrapolation method or sediment measurement curve has been used. According to the relevant data to stream discharge and sediment discharge, their relationship is evaluated as (Qs=22/89 * QW 1/939). Annual average of sediment load in the river is obtained as 425021 ton of suspended load and 42500 to 85000 ton of bed load. Other results also showed that the change in mean particle size and sediment sorting in the form of a discontinuous exponential increase from the point of entry of tributaries to the estuary of the river, well shows the role of feeding tributaries in the sediment logical status of the main tributary.

the attention of managers and officials of any society to passive defense plans provides the necessary grounds for advancing this new approach in order to promote the concept of urban safety and security. In this regard, in the present study, using the passive defense approach, an attempt was made to evaluate urban security from the perspective of citizens and experts in the five regions of Zahedan in times of crisis. The present research is a developmental research based on its purpose, in terms of nature, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, and according to the method of survey type and descriptive-analytical implementation. SPSS and ARC GIS software and VIKOR model were used to analyze the data. The results of test (T) to measure the dimensions of security (Feeling safe in times of crisis, Cognitive Abilities and institutional capacity) from the perspective of citizens in times of crisis with a passive defense approach, showed that according to the averages obtained for the studied dimensions below The average is (3), which indicates the unsatisfactory level of security among citizens in times of crisis. The leveling results of the five regions of Zahedan in terms of general security assessment indicators in times of crisis using the VIKOR model showed that there are differences and inequalities between the regions of Zahedan in terms of security indicators. In general, Region 1 with a score (0.548) is in the first rank and Region 3 with a score (0.439) is in the last rank.

The Middle East has been a place of maturation and organization of Islamic fundamentalist groups since the beginning of the twentieth century due to its heterogeneous political borders, Ba'athist, nationalist attitudes, affiliation and Islamic movements and human conflicts on the one hand, and the presence of trans-regional activists on the other. have been. In this geopolitical and sensitive region, the influence of religion in general and religious fundamentalism in particular is quite evident, and the obvious examples are the events of recent years in Iraq, Syria, Yemen, and so on. Given this introduction, the main question of the article is what has been Russia's foreign policy strategy in the Middle East in the light of the spread of religious extremism with emphasis on the four main actors in Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Syria since the beginning of this century and especially in recent years? The method of doing an article is descriptive-analytical. For the past 10 years, all terrorist attacks in Soviet territory have been carried out by Takfiri Salafis. To provide international. In addition, it is likely that Muslim fundamentalists in Chechnya will once again demand secession from the Russian Federation. Undoubtedly, the growing influence of radical Islam among the Syrian rebel forces has strengthened Russia's determination to support the Assad regime.

Urban neighborhoods are one of the life-giving elements of any city and the culture of the inhabitants lies in the fabric of the neighborhoods. The historical context as a valuable heritage transmits the culture and identity of the city to the next generation. For this reason, once the historic neighborhoods as a symbol of security, comfort and originality of residents, due to the inefficiency of their structure, the social structure has suffered from instability and disintegration, and finally the originality of neighborhoods of historical context has been lost. Thus, identifying the components of originality in the neighborhoods of the historical context of Tehran, which originates from the philosophical and doctrinal schools of the residents of the neighborhood, has been considered as the purpose of this article. Therefore, through in-depth observational documentary study with the help of in-depth interviews, the biological experiences of ten residents of Sheikh Hadi neighborhood in District 11 of Tehran Municipality were selected by purposive sampling and evaluated and analyzed by weekly clipping method. Finally, the phenomenological reading of the originality of the neighborhoods of the historical context of Tehran has originated from the aesthetic, perceptual-behavioral and functional-activity components, so that personal beliefs and beliefs, individual perceptions, duration of residence, aesthetic elements, readability factors and Functional and activity elements are recognized as the main foundation of the originality of the neighborhoods of the historical context of Tehran in interaction with the identity of the place and increase the sense of belonging.

Green architectural planning is one of the new trends and approaches in architecture and is considered an important issue for planning. Green architecture and the development of residential green space with the protection and expansion of natural and artificial habitats in cities to soften the environment. From this perspective, in the present study, in order to achieve a vision and provide long-term goals, strategic planning of urban green architecture has been done. In this method, measures were taken within the possibilities of internal and external constraints to improve the methods and improve the efficiency of activities. Such an approach has not been used in the field of urban architecture management so far and this study is an attempt to provide appropriate management measures for green architecture development activities in Rasht based on the relevant methodology. The present research is an applied research with a descriptive-analytical nature and in terms of implementation is a survey type; SPSS software and QSPM SWOT model were used for data analysis. According to the obtained results, the weaknesses with a weight coefficient of 1.303, the strengths with a weight coefficient of 1.885, the opportunities with a score of 145.2 and the threats 1.17 indicate the high level of strength and the existence of suitable opportunities to improve the current state of architecture. Green is the green architecture of the city, so the strategies of Rasht are close to the offensive strategy, and officials should try to use the opportunities to improve and eliminate weaknesses.

Today, tourism is one of the most important economic activities in different parts of the world and its value is increasing. Different countries have benefited from its economic dimensions by investing in this, especially religious tourism; Iran also has a high potential in attracting religious tourists due to the presence of religious spaces. In this study, the shrines of Imamzadeh, Agha Ali, Abbas and Seyyed Mohammad (AS) will be studied as one of the most important religious places in Iran to study the opportunities and threats of tourism development to develop appropriate strategies to achieve economic productivity. For this purpose, by presenting a questionnaire to experts and experts and also using the SWOT technique in the study area, 16 weaknesses and strengths against 19 threats and opportunities were identified. Then, the QSPM table was prepared for 9 important strategies, which were calculated by experts with the SWOT table coefficients in scores of 1 to 4 for each strategy. .Studies show that diversification of tourist services and facilities in order to satisfy tourists was the highest and better cooperation of local officials with Astan managers and investors in the region was the lowest. Satisfaction of tourists and also diversification of advertising activities to introduce the attractions of the region and the formation of tourism cooperatives by the private sector, the greatest impact on the livelihood of indigenous people by

A qualitative view of the architecture and physical spaces of the city as an interdisciplinary category is not only product of creative intellectual work and knowledge of one person. Or a group with the same specialization as design. Given that contemporary architecture and urban planning proceed with the disappointing and insincere results of the desensitization of human communication, the overemphasis on mental and conceptual dimensions leads to the destruction of the physical and sensory nature of architecture. Phenomenological discourse arises from an architectural experience that depends on the potential of the place in simultaneously paying attention to the mind and body of the audience, which will lead to a meaningful conscious experience. This research seeks to answer the question on what components are Plasma ideas formed in the experience of place? And can reading these components be narrated in the experience of being in an urban square (Hassanabad)? To answer this question, the phenomenological method based on the Max Van Mann model was used, as well as the free, axial and selective coding method, based on which it was done through semi-structured observation and interview with 30 participants. Research findings show that the priority of sensory perception is the core of our experience and our understanding of the world to gain deep experiences of space and time and architectural meaning to extend object-oriented architecture to architecture resulting from the experimental qualities of the body and sensory systems.