نشریه مطالعات قرآنی
پیاپی 48 (زمستان 1400)

One of the best ways to educate is to apply kindness. The pure and clear mind of the student is institutionalized on the basis of kindness and affection. The student's mental and intellectual perceptions of concepts such as kindness and gentleness are based on observations, studies and classroom learning. Therefore, it is worthwhile for educational administrators to consider kindness and gentleness as the foundation of the education system. The present research is qualitative and has been done through content analysis, documentary study and phenomenology. The research population includes all valid scientific references and documents related to research, and all experts in the field of education. The sample is selected based on purposive sampling method. Data collection tools were sampling, content analysis checklist and semi-structured interview questions. Findings show that education based on kindness and gentleness has ontological, anthropological, epistemological, biological, sociological, psychological and religious dimensions. 60 main components were extracted based on the abovementioned dimensions.

Holy Quran is a book that contains one of the most fascinating and authoritative religious stories. Stories have a long history in the field of culture and transmission of human concepts and are the most compatible verbal form with the human mind; as a result, the audience is wider and are more influent. Holy Quran has used unique styles in designing stories, especially the stories of the Prophets. These spiritual stories were processed in a way that were completely contrary to the style and purpose of the stories of HolyQur'an when have been found by mythologists and Israʼiliyyat. The present article seeks to provide a brief overview of the five characteristics of Qur'anic stories, including "truthfulness, disregard for useless details, the fight against distortion, the introduction of Prophets as moral role models, and considering moral principles" with the five characteristics of Israʼiliyyat that are in very contrast to the characteristics of stories; that is, "myths and superstitions, paying attention  to useless details and particulars, the differences and distortions of the Israʼiliyyat narrations, and the distortion of the glorious reputation of the prophets in order to clarify the profound difference between the two methods."

Studying the concepts of Holy Qur'an is of very importance, especially when it is accompanied by logic, reasoning and interpretation of Qur'an to Qur'an. The present article addresses important issues such as the Assigned and Messianism that are tied to the fate of humanity, and there are more than 65 verses that have a completely common view to messianism emphasizing Sunni and Shiite’s interpretations. By studying the meanings of 10 Verses of Qur'an, it is quite obvious that regardless of the interpretation and narration about mentioned verses according to the meanings of the verse itself and putting it next to the general meaning of HolyQur'an, we can argue and conclude that what the commentators and interpretations of Qur'an claim which is more or less narrative or derived from narrations, achieved and applied a kind of independent semantics. The most important results of this research indicate that the messianismas necessity for Jesus’s being alive, and the necessity of the Assigned to overcome the religion of God over all religions and the unification of all religions, can be proved by the conceptual style of the relevant verses.

One of the important issues regarding the interpretation of "Al-Mizan" is the role and status of narrations. The view of the effectiveness of the narrations on Allameh Tabatabai's interpretive opinions can be considered among other viewpoints. Research on this opinion is necessary and innovation can be seen due to the stutus of Allameh Tabatabai's commentary and removing ambiguities about this commentary and the method of Quran to Qur'an, and while the mentioned opinion has been analyzed and the foundations and evidence of the effectiveness of the narrations have been extracted. The unity of Guardianship truth with Qur'an in terms of certainty, lack of differentiation between Quran and Prophet’s family, Ahl al-Bayt as the promoter of Holy Quran, the authority of the tradition and Innocents’ statements, the lack of access to knowledge except the pure, writing the interpretation of Al-Bayan in the agreement between Hadith and Qur’an " before “Al Mizan” interpretation, teaching and commenting on the hadiths of  ”Bihar Al-Anwar”, writing thematic commentaries based on narrations, coordinating Allameh's viewpoints with the narrations in" Al-Mizan "commentary are among the most important principles and evidences of the effectiveness of narrations on Allameh Tabatabai's interpetations. The presented principles and evidences show the direct and mediated effectiveness of narrations on Allameh's interpretive opinions.

According to the rules of civil responsibility, anyone who harms another, must be able to compensate. But if someone harms another along with administrating justice, is also responsible for the loss? In Islamic jurisprudence, the mentioned issue has been studied under the title of conflict between the no-harm rule and the domination rule and to sum up the theory has been strengthened that the no-harm rule governs the domination rule. In the case rights, the legislature has stated this in Article 40 of the Constitution and Article 132 of the Civil Code; by analyzing law principles it is concluded that if someone takes possession of his right that causes another one trouble and hardship, he is responsible, he would be prohibited of his possession if these seizures are not necessary for him legally.

"Divorce" is a formal unilateral and is valid only in a permanent marriage and does not apply in a sporadic marriage. Divorce is of signed decrees and not a founding one. Divorce is a right reserved for men, and the sharia and civil law do not recognize such a right for women for no reason. it is a non-financial right and cannot be transferred or revoked. Islam religion has approved divorce and several Verses in Qur'an in Baqara, Nesaa’, Ahzab, Tahrim Surahs have been dedicated to it. The Civil Code also provides articles for divorce. Divorce has four basic elements: the divorcee, the divorced woman, the form of divorce, and witnessing the form of divorce. All (mentioned) elements must be present and each must have its own conditions for a divorce to be valid, otherwise the divorce will not take place and will be void.

In a significant part of mystical writings written to teach the basics of mysticism, the authors have used Qur'anic stories to explain their views. The present study examines the function of the Qur'anic stories of Determined Prophets in five important Persian mystical works through a library method and shows that the story of Miqat of Prophet Moses has the highest frequency in the description of the views and mystical expressions and in most cases has been raised in opposition to the Ascension of the Prophet Mohammad. This story has been widely used to explain the importance of the Elder and his unquestioning obedience. Consequently, the story of Prophet Ibrahim was presented in all five works in order to explain the terms of submission, gathering, observation, seeking, enthusiasm, and so on. The story of the Ascension of Prophet Mohammad has been considered in two books, "The Treatise of Qashiriyya" and "Abhar Al-Asheqin" and the story of Jesus has been discussed only in "Abhar Al-Asheqin" in order to explain the issue of Meeting God that this article studies all of them in details.

The way of thinking plays an important role in human life and function. Human beings are distinguished from each other according to the kind of attitude they have towards God, the world and themselves and are divided into two groups: optimistic and pessimistic. Optimists do not take the events of the universe for granted. Because they know that every moment of the world has method and rule and without the will of God Almighty, not a leaf falls from a tree, and human beings should hope for God's mercy and forgiveness and plan and act happily. In the present study, the question is what are the psychological functions of positive thinking from the perspective of Holy Quran? psychological functions for positive thinking were concluded by studying the meanings of eleven Verse, which include strengthening theism, increasing physical and mental health, foresight and hope, managing emotions, effective communicating, increasing flexibility, increasing forgiveness, greater success, living happily, nobility and meaning of life and family support.

Numerous Israʼiliyyat which had entered the field of Islamic culture found their way to commentaries by the beginning of compiling commentaries era and Shiite commentaries were not immune to this phenomenon, The first question in this article is what was the method of Shiite commentators’ confrontation and its roots. It can be said that the approach of Shiite commentators to Israeli narrations has not been the same. The origins of the interpretive approach to accepting such narrations can be: one, avoiding examining the authenticity of narrations and the other avoiding semantic analysis and presenting them for definite narrative and rational reasons. The present study is a library method that has studied the mentioned issue based on Quran and hadiths with a qualitative approach and applying documentary and textual analysis methods. The Shiite commentary "Monhaj al-Sadeqin fi ilzam al-Makhlefin" was written by Mullah Fathullah Kashani and followed by commentary of Abu al-Futuh Razi, it is the best and most comprehensive Persian commentary ever written according to some scholars. In the above interpretation, the Israeli narrations are seen to be studied.

The immunity of the prophets from sin and error is generally accepted by all Muslims, but also by all religious men and nations; But there are many differences in its characteristics and various opinions and quotes. According to the appearance of some Verses of Holy Quran, a number of Divine Prophets have made mistakes that are not compatible with their mission. One of these cases is the Verses that seem to show Prophet Davoud made a mistake in his judgment. Therefore, in this article, it is tried to address this subject to prove that no mistake or error was made by him, but when God bestowed him “Al-Khattabi” position, Prophet Davoud prayed to God that “the people do not tolerate the position of Al-Khattabi, and it is better they are judged in the same way as usual; suddenly something happens that he realizes his mistake and asks God for forgiveness immediately.

The discussion of Divine Names and Attributes has been considered by theologians and commentators since long time ago. In every single word of Holy Quran, these names are remarkable, and a significant part of the Verses end in one or two Names and Attributes of God. What is the serious meaning of the narrator of all Verses and in its textural layers; That is, the intralingual context, issues such as companionship and references, and in the extralinguistic context, the audience, the space of revelation, the position of speech, even the tone of speech with what action the speaker intended, can be studied. Considering the different interpretations, the connection between the Divine Names is felt at the end of the Verses with the content of the same Verse and with the Verses before and after it made us survey the relationship between the two names "Latif Khabir" (All Attentive, All Aware) beside each other and at the end of the Verses with the text of the whole Verse and other Verses.

The interpretation of "Ma'arij al-Tafakor" has been written in an deductive way by al-Meydani, one of the contemporary Sunni commentators; one of the interpreter tools in this commentary is the application of “Bel Ma’thour” interpretation. In the present study, while explaining how the commentator uses the narrations in detail, the relationship between the mentioned approach and the interpreter's deductive interpretation style has been surveyed. This research is a type of basic research based on theoretical studies that seeks descriptive content analysis by examining documents (library collection method) by categorizing the narrations used by the commentator in terms of the content of the narrations and the source of narration, a detailed explanation of Al-Meydani's performance in the field of effective interpretation and finally concludes that the main results of narrative interpretation based on Al-Meydani interpretation are not the result of attention to reduction and are derived from the non-deductive principles of the commentator such as his theological principles and beliefs and literary attitudes. It should be noted that this research is completely new in terms of content as well as studying the relationship between narrative interpretation approach and deductive style.

the present research explains and analyzes the causes and motives of people refusing to implement the enjoining the good and prevention of vice from the perspective of Holy Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah, the pathology of practical methods and the effect of these methods on the correct implementation of the the enjoining the good and prevention of vice, and factors of failure in performing the mentioned duty and analyzing their rational-social foundations. The aims of the research are to study the meaning and concept of the enjoining the good and prevention of vice and to study the factors of people's refusal to the enjoining the good and prevention of vice from the perspective of Holy Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah. The research hypotheses have been: welfare, fear of financial and human losses, greed and delegating responsibility to others are the reasons for people refusing to the enjoining the good and prevention of vice in Islamic society. The method of the research is documentary analysis and has been analyzed qualitatively.

In defining the meaning of life, it should be stated that life is meaningful for people when they can consider a pattern or purpose in life events for themselves. On the other hand, life is meaningless when everything seems to have collapsed and no emotion can be found beyond what is being done or the events that are happening in life. The meaning of life refers to the content, having a purpose in life ensures the general health of individuals and the healthy functioning of society; there is the greatest relationship between purpose in life and reducing depressive symptoms; In this regard, in the Islamic worldview, the foundations of all Divine values ​​and religious doctrines are based on nature, spirituality, thought, religious goals and divine lifestyle, and existential philosophy is the meaning of life to reach a good lifetime. The purpose of the present study is to compare the meaning of life from the perspective of psychologists and Quranic doctrines and the method is analytical – descriptive.

By emergence of Islam, religious beliefs influenced all aspects of Muslim lives including their speech and behavior, and left important implications. Literature, as one of the most important aspects of society, both in the field of poetry and prose, were also inluded. Since Jarir was a Muslim and Islam was the religion of the government and its official Calipha during his lifetime, the necessary way was paved for him to boast of non-Muslim rivals, so that in the controversy of Christian heresy, religion and its beliefs Has used it as the main substance of his arguments in overcoming him and has depicted everything that a Muslim can be proud of. In this article, the aim is not to study Jarir's religiosity or apostasy, but to analyze the aspects and dimensions of the poet's religious ideas in their contradictions with the desired impairment. The core of Jarir's religious thought is the proof of monotheism, as well as the proof of the dignity of Muslims and the humiliation of the conquerors.

Elegance is a religious – Quranic term and also one of the attributes of God. Many commentators and narrators have pointed to the various dimensions of this concept and based on the verses of Holy Quran, have enumerated the quality and manner of applying it. Since, mystical interpreters who have seen the manifestation of Divine elegance in line with their Sufi profession have raised several arguments based on the Book of God. In this research, considering the descriptive – analytical method, the application of elegance in mystical interpretations and the opinions of commentators has been investigated. The results of the research show that the most important aspects of Divine elegance in these works are: 1. Superiority, which includes subsections such as the superiority of human over other beings; The superiority of prophets over other beings; The superiority of the Jewish people over other nations and the superiority of the Mujahideen over the abandoners of jihad 2. (daily) portion 3. Divine blessings 4. Divine rewards, the most important of which is Divine Paradise and 5. Repentance. Divine elegance takes precedence over Divine justice from interpreters’ viewpoint, which indicates that the compassion of the Almighty surpasses His power.

Metaphor is studied from various aspects that one of the important aspects of which is the study of metaphor from a conceptual point of view, which is called "conceptual metaphor". Many people in the early days of Islam converted to Islam due to the eloquence and rhetoric of this Divine Words; Therefore, researching this precious heavenly book, in addition to discovering the truths, by applying the findings obtained from it in life, can lead to worldly and otherworldly happiness. It should be noted that the profit of a business is determined at the end, not the beginning and middle of it. Due to the beauty and great effect of conceptual metaphor, research has been limited to the study of conceptual metaphors in the first part and the twentieth chapters of Holy Quran. It also answers the question “What the function of metaphoric words in first and twentieth chapters of Holy Quran are and where the place of metaphor is in the eloquence and spiritual influence of Holy Quran while studying the abovementioned field.

One of the topics considered by contemporary Quranic scholars is the theory of "thematic unity of suras" in order to systematically and coherently show Quranic suras in terms of concept and purpose and introduce them as a purposeful independent personality with special intentions by a wise theologian. Tafsir "Al-Mizan" and "Al-Tafsir Al-Mawzu'i Le Sovar Al-Quran Al-Karim" (Subjective Interpretation for the Verses of Holy Quran) have adopted this method and have registered their name among the believers in this theory. Belief in the theory of "thematic unity of suras", the difference in the intellectual origin and the contemporaneity of both interpreters, are among the cases that reveal the need for a comparative study between these two interpretations; The aim of the present article is to examine his reasoning approaches in highlighting this theory in Yasin Surah and to analyze the similarities, strengths, degree of adaptation and success of interpretations in applying the theory. The results show their focus on paying attention to thematic units in the path of purposefulness. The analysis of the content and general themes of Yasin Surah also draws the thematic basis of the "Three Principles of Belief", which shows the superiority of Allameh Tabatabai's performance in finding the purpose and paying attention to Yasin Surah.

One of the most important crimes in terms of dimensions and security is corruption on earth. Looking at the jurisprudential texts and the history of legislation, we conclude that despite the documentation and strength of jurisprudential principles, due to the inclusion of many concepts and examples, the legislator has so far avoided entering into an independent criminal case for corruption on earth. Objections such as the inclusion of a concept on one hand and the principles governing criminal policy such as the principle of shortage interpretation on the other hand prevented its independent criminalization. Also, the dispute over the unity or duality of the two titles Moharebeh (enmity) and Corruption on Earth, which we have dealt with to some extent in this study, was more than what we said was an obstacle to the independence of the crime of corruption. Of course, it will be stated that Verse 33 of Ma'idah Surah has a single meaning and the dignity of issuing the holy verse is focused on the subject of enmity and not corruption on earth, considering the opinion of the commentators and the famous saying of the jurists. In fact, "corruption" is an explanatory clause for moharebeh (enmity) and refers to the explanation of the four punishments.

The unity of existence means the circulation of the absolute existence of God in every bit of the universe. That is, the essence of existence is one, the example of which is God Almighty, and the universe is the manifestation of God. That is, the universe is a shadow of the Divine Essence. Therefore, the author with the question that the main subject of theoretical mysticism, i.e., the unity of existence in Holy Qur'an and in the words of its commentators has been raised? Follows up the issue by collecting information in a library and in a descriptive – analytical manner and by examining a number of verses of Holy Quran and the words of Innocent Imams, assuming that the issue of unity exists in many verses of Holy Quran and also the divine saints are seen in many cases of speeches, seeking to prove that the most important subject of theoretical mysticism, namely the unity  of existence, is found in many Verses of Holy Qur'an and numerous words of the Great people and intellectuals.

The status and effects of surveillance is one of the most important and influential issues in social relations because maintaining the security and stability of society, preventing the disruption of public order and other interests make it inevitable. The jurists, based on the twelfth verse of Al-Hujurat Surah and various hadiths, forbid surveillance. It is also forbidden to inspect the beliefs, secrets and mistakes of the believers, as well as to reveal and disclose them, based on the verses of Holy Quran, including the nineteenth verse of Noor Surah. This article uses documentary and library sources and descriptive – analytical method to find the answer to the question: what are the requirements and effects of surveillance in the view of the authors of The Four Books? The data indicate that in the mentioned books, the duties and requirements for the believer regarding surveillance have been specified and according to the generality of verses and hadiths and the rule of reason and manners, it has been absolutely forbidden and prohibited.

Human economic development and fundamental changes that have taken place in the human social system, necessitate the need for changes and development to be in the correct culture balance according to the time and place. in other words; fundamental changes have taken place both in human relations with nature as well as in human social relations with each other. Polygamy is the issue which special attention has been paid to based on the conditions and circumstances Islamic law amongst all cases in the field of family laws. According to the present research in which the applied method is descriptive – analytical, with the aim of investigating the role of time and place in the permissibility and impermissibility of polygamy from the Verses and hadiths perspective, this result can be stated that: in creation religious rulings, it is necessary to consider the requirements of time and place, the expediency, corruptions and interests of the people of the society. The effect of time and place in ijtihad is in the direction of changing the subjects of the social rules of Islam, and if changes are made in the subjects of the rules as a result of circumstances and expediency, including polygamy, its rules will be forcibly changed.