نشریه روانشناسی اجتماعی
سال ششم شماره 48 (پاییز 1397)

The purpose of the study is to consider the relationship between the dimensions of psychological capital and mental hardiness. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population consisted of 220 employees in Bojnourd municipality that according to the Kerjesi-Morgan (1970) table, 155 person were selected by simple random method. The data were collected by questionnaires. Lutans(2007) psychological Capital and hardiness Long and Gollet (1989) questionnaire which their reliability was estimated by Cronbach's alpha (89%) and (84%) and the validity were formal and content type.. The result showed with regard to the amount of path coefficient obtained, 72% and 5/73%, there is a significant relationship between psychological capital and mental hardiness. The coefficients of path between self-efficacy and subjective hardiness of employees were 49% and t-statistic for this coefficient was 6/67, which showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and mental hardiness. The path coefficient between employees' mental hardiness and hopefulness is 64%. t-statistic for this relationship (6/97) showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between hope and mental hardiness. The amount of path coefficient among the resiliency and mental hardiness of the staff (50%) and the t-value for this coefficient ( 5.50 )showed that there were a positive and significant relationship between the resiliency and mental hardiness of the staff. the path coefficient of relationship between optimism and subjective hardiness of employees ( 73%) and the value of t (7/17) showed there is positive relationship between optimism and mental hardiness of employees.

The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between altruism, attitudes and beliefs with prosocial behaviors based on path analysis among female students of Isfahan city. The method was correlation, and population was included of the whole female students of Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan), Isfahan university, and university of medical sciences in winter 2015. For this purpose, among them 378 students were selected by stratified random sampling based on the distribution of population in each university according to their field of study. Subjects answered to research instruments including global prosocial behavior scale (altruistic self-report scale) by Rachton et al(1981), the questionnaire of just beliefs about one’s own world and others Which contains three subscales, General just World beliefs by Dalbert et al(1987) , Global just World beliefs by Lipkus(1991) and Belief in an unjust world by Dalbert et al(2001), and questionnaire of prosocial attitudes scale questionnaire, the revised version of Carlo et al(2003).The data were analyzed by Pearson coefficient correlation and path analysis. The findings showed that there is significant relationship between altruism, helping attitude towards others, attitudes toward charitable assistance, General just beliefs, just and unjust World beliefs prosocial behavior. The results of the analysis results based on structural equation modeling showed that altruism. In addition, the results of path analysis based on SEM supported from the direct effect of Altruistic on attitudes, just world beliefs and prosocial behavior, and Indirect effect of altruism on unjust and general just world beliefs and prosocial behaviors.

The aim of present research was determine the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation on depression symptoms and social anxiety of male patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder caused by war. This research design was an experimental and research population was male patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder caused by war that referring to the Delaram psychiatric hospital in 2017 year. Research sample was 15 people that were selected by available sampling method. Participants received 12 sessions transcranial direct current stimulation and before training and after all four training sessions were studied in terms of depression symptoms and social anxiety. To measure depression symptoms and social anxiety, respectively used from the questionnaires of Beck and colleagues depression symptoms (1988) and Connor and colleagues social anxiety (2000). Data were analyzed by repeated measurement method. The findings showed that the transcranial direct current stimulation led to decrease the depression symptoms and social anxiety of male patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder caused by war in compared to pre-training stage (P<0/001). Therefore, the results showed the effectiveness of this method on reducing the depression symptoms and social anxiety in male patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder caused by war.

This research aimed to comparison the effectiveness of group counseling based on choice theory and Gottman theory on increasing marital intimacy and decreasing marital conflicts in married women. Present research was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with control group. Research population was included married women with marital problem referred to counseling and psychological services center of Mehr Jonoob in BandarAbbas city in 2016 year that from them 45 people were selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned to three equal groups (each group 15 people). Each of the experimental groups trained 8 sessions of 90 minutes with one of the group counseling methods (based on choice theory or based on Gottman theory). Groups completed the questionnaires of marital intimacy (walker & Thompson, 1983) and marital conflicts (Sanaee, 2007) in the pre-test and post-test stages. Data was analyzed with using SPSS-20 software and with multivariate analysis of covariance and post-hoc test methods. The findings showed both methods of group counseling based on choice theory and Gottman theory was effective on increasing marital intimacy and decreasing marital conflicts in married women. Also group counseling based on choice theory in comparison the group counseling based on Gottman theory was effective on increasing marital intimacy in married women, but there wasn’t any significant differences between both methods on decreasing marital conflicts in married women (P<0/05). Therefore, counselors and therapists can use from both methods especially the group counseling based on choice theory method to psychological interventions.

This research aimed to comparison the effectiveness of couple therapy by method of self-regulated and acceptance and commitment on mental health of couples. Present research was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with two experimental group and one control group. Research population was referring couples to counseling centers of six region in Tehran city in 2017 year. Totally 45 couple (90 people) selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups (each group 15 couple). The experimental groups trained 8 sessions of 90 minutes by methods of self-regulated and acceptance and commitment. Groups completed the mental health questionnaire in the pre-test and post-test stages and Data was analyzed with multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post-hoc test methods. The findings showed that the methods of couple therapy by method of self-regulated and acceptance and commitment in comparison with the control group significantly led to improve the anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function of couples, but there was no significant difference between the methods of couple therapy in improve the mental health (P<0/001). Therefore, the results indicated the effectiveness of the two methods of couple therapy by method of self-regulated and acceptance and commitment on mental health of couples.

This research aimed to investigate predicting the knowledge management based on creativity and social capital. This study was a cross-sectional from type of correlation. Research population was all Islamic Azad University students of Tehran city in 2017-18 academic years that from them 500 people selected by multistep cluster sampling method. All of them completed the questionnaires of knowledge management (Probst & et al, 2000), creativity (Torrance, 1974) and social capital (Pajak, 2006). Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with enter model methods with SPSS-22 software. The findings showed creativity and social capital had a positive and significant relationship with knowledge management of students. Also creativity and social capital significantly could predict 35/2 percent of variance of knowledge management of students that in this predicting the share of creativity was higher than social capital (P<0/001). Regarded to the results, planners and authorities must design and implement programs to improve knowledge management. In order to improve knowledge management of students should increase their creativity and social capital, respectively.

The aimed of this research was determined the effectiveness of training mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on social support, academic procrastination and academic achievement of students. Present research was a semi experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and with an experimental and control groups. The research population was included high school students of Tehran city in 2017-18 academic. Research sample was 30 student whitch selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (each group 15 student). The experimental group trained for 8 sessions of 60 minutes by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and the control group doesn’t receive any training. Groups completed the questionnaires of social support (Zimet) and academic procrastination (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984) and teacher-made test was considered as an indicator of academic achievement. Data was analyzed with multivariate analysis of covariance method (MANCOVA). The findings showed that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in variables of social support, academic procrastination and academic achievement of students. In the other words training mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly increased the social support, academic procrastination and academic achievement of students (P<0/05). The results showed that training mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective on improving social support, academic procrastination and academic achievement of students.

The aim of present research was study of the effectiveness of pedagogical theater (educational and training) on emotional and social intelligence of children. This research was an experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with control group. The research population was children aged 7-12 years old in Tehran city in 2017 year that from them 40 child were selected through random sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group educated 10 sessions of 50 minutes by pedagogical theater. Groups completed the questionnaires of emotional intelligence (Schutte & et al, 1998) and Tromso social intelligence (Silvera & et al, 2001). Data was analyzed with using SPSS-20 software and with MANCOVA method. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in both variable of emotional and social intelligence of children. In the other words pedagogical theater significantly led to increase the emotional and social intelligence of children (P<0/05). The results indicate the importance of pedagogical theater on improving the emotional and social intelligence of children.