فصلنامه جغرافیا و آمایش شهری - منطقه ای
پیاپی 41 (زمستان 1400)

Regional inequality as one of the existing forms of inequality is one of the issues in the system of opportunity and its presence / absence and intensity / weakness has an important effect on the order and cohesion of society at different levels and dimensions. This is a serious problem, especially in developing countries. Due to the importance of this issue, this study seeks to identify the factors affecting regional inequality in Iran. The present study is a descriptive-exploratory study and the statistical population of the study consists of experts familiar with the issue of inequality and development of regions in Iran. Snowball, 10 of them were selected as a statistical sample of the study. Also, Content analysis, structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis were also used to analyze the data. The results showed that out of 47 initially identified factors, 14 factors, including factors of poor planning, decisions of managers and planners and poor access to facilities and equipment, in calculating content validity, CVR coefficient above 0.75 and were recognized as the final factors of regional inequality. Also, the leveling of factors showed that the relevant factors can be classified into six levels. The factors of unique resources and capabilities were at the lowest level with 29% subscription and the factors of government centralism and inefficiency were at the highest level with 90% and 91% subscription. Their classification also showed that the factors of manpower constraint (with influence 10 and degree of dependence 5), lack of financial and investment resources (with influence 8 and degree of dependence 7) and lack of attention to research (with influence 13 and the degree of dependence 5) are the key factors of regional inequality and have a great impact on inequality.

In order to properly analyze the cultural and geographical effects of the media, using the results of the components of social resilience is a key approach. In this regard, the present study aims to analyze the impact of TV programs on realization of components of social resilience in Districts1,12 and 20 of Tehran Metropolis. This study is an applied and "descriptive-analytical" study.  The survey method and questionnaire were used to collect the opinions of 384 citizens according to Cochran's formula using classified sampling method. The results suggest that the quality of realization and use of social resilience components in the three study districts is different based on multivariate analysis of variance. Also, the analysis of the planning priority for the realization of the components of resilience in the three mentioned districts based on the fuzzy TOPSIS model suggests that the public trust index in district 1 as an affluent urban region, the informal participation index in district 12 as an urban middle-class region and the index of sense of place belonging in district 20 as a lower-class region have a higher priority for planning to promote social resilience. The media strategy of television and channel 2and the geography of target media can promote public trust, increase social solidarity and promote informal participation index via cooperation in social organizations in urban areas and improve the sense of place belonging  in the lower-class areas to create a sense motivation, belonging and social identity.

Establishing a balance between natural resources and the environment and population growth, followed by increasing human needs, is an issue that should be the focus of policy makers and population planners to ensure sustainable development in the country. Human population is both affected and affected by climate change, so it is important to identify the relationship between population and the environment primarily because of the extent of the effects of population on the environment. Therefore, the present study intends to use the discovery of the relationship between population movements and environmental indicators while explaining the prevailing conditions in the country, to provide solutions to implement these strategies, to achieve greater stability in Iran. The research method of this research is descriptive-analytical based on secondary data. In line with the purpose of the research, 5 components (climate, water, soil, air, natural hazards) and 9 indicators have been used. In the data entry and sorting stage, Microsoft Excel software and in the data analysis stage, SPSS software and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to consider the correlation between environmental data and demographic movements. GIS is used and the data output is displayed in the form of maps, tables and graphs.The results of the present study that population movements in Iran have no environmental origin, but these movements and migration of some provinces during the study period (1365-1395) have caused several environmental crises. Among the effects of population displacement on the environment can be  mention the uncontrolled abstraction of groundwater and the water crisis, as well as the occurrence of subsidence in the continuation of this issue. Also, human activities due to population increase and destruction of vegetation in and around cities have intensified natural hazards.

In developing countries, including Iran, it is necessary to identify the comparative advantages of a residential area of ​​a complex, try to compete with each other in a functional environment based on their advantages and equal opportunities for progress. Provided for them, In this regard, in the present study, the economic stability of the villages in the study area was first assessed. The current capabilities and comparative advantages of rural areas to form a homogeneous functional space in 7 areas were identified. The statistical population of this study includes villages of Sarvabad county. Sarvabad is one of the 72 villages in Kurdistan province. 17 economic variables have been used to assess the stability of the villages. The present research is applied in terms of purpose, method; It is a descriptive-analytical that has used documentary and survey methods to collect data. The data were obtained through the 2016 census data of rural areas of Sarvabad county, oral judgment of Delphi group and field visits and their analysis using TOPSIS technique, spatial statistics tools (Moran correlation index, hot spots). , A binary comparison was performed. The results show that the economic stability of the villages in the region is almost appropriate and in terms of spatial distribution is normal and random. In terms of dividing the villages into three levels of stable, semi-stable and unstable, 11 villages out of 72 are less than 16% of the total villages of the county are in the stable class, 25 villages, approximately 35% of the villages in the region are distributed as the highest percentage in the semi-sustainable class and 50% (36 villages) are located in the unstable class. Also, the current capabilities and comparative advantages of rural areas in seven axes, with the advantages of cross-border trade development, almond production and rural tourism based on food tourism; Development of rural tourism based on nature tourism, cultural tourism and health tourism (nature therapy, use of medicinal plants, etc.); Fisheries development and handicraft production; Development of orchards and production of strawberries and processing of related products; Livestock and utilization of the potential of mineral waters and medicinal plants; Agriculture with emphasis on summer crops and cultivation of rainfed and irrigated crops (wheat and barley), honey production and service-communication advantage, were identified so that considering the region as a functional space, equal development opportunities to all villages in Develop a desirable spatial order for the equitable enjoyment of fruits. Finally, solutions are provided to benefit from the identified advantages to move towards sustainable development of villages and cities.

Measuring the degree of spatial satisfaction of the pattern of housing and residential complexes, includes a wide range of cultural, social, physical components, etc., which in total shows the value of the quality of the residential environment. Housing quality indicators are always considered as the most sensitive housing planning tool. In order to ensure social growth, the housing sector, in addition to the housing unit itself, also includes the surrounding environment. Satisfaction with housing is a multidimensional matter and it is necessary to pay attention to various factors that make up its quality and satisfaction in developing an evaluation model. Assessing the level of residents' satisfaction can be effective in measuring the achievement of the goals of urban projects, and also the results of such research can be used to improve the quality of living environment, especially in residential complexes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of residents of Tabriz residential complexes by descriptive-analytical method and for final evaluation of data, SPSS software and statistical methods such as sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation test were used. The method of collecting information is based on checklists for questionnaire techniques, observation, study of spatial-spatial features, and in this direction, documentary studies and libraries have been used. Performed studies indicate that people's satisfaction in the field of functional diagram and form of outdoor spaces at a very good level and building form, form of indoor spaces and dimensions of residential units, ceiling height of residential units and dimensions and size of common, facilities and communications of outdoor space. The average (above average) and the number of rooms in the residential unit and the number of units in the complex are poor (below average) and in general, the level of residents' satisfaction with this residential complex is above average.

Each kind of worldview and ideology can create a certain type of urban planning and of course the appearance of the city according to its teachings. Islamic urban planning is not separate from Islamic ideology and its inhabitants and is the crystallization of their thinking and lifestyle. In Islam, the emergence of any phenomenon by the people occurs in three main aspects: Intellectual and ideological aspects, practical and moral aspects, objective aspects that all together lead to the emergence of authentic Islamic cities. Today, due to the influence of foreign culture, the mentioned aspects are weak and even disturbed. In this article, we intend to determine the location of each urban area of Ardabil from the mentioned aspects. Therefore, this study tries to answer the question: How close are the urban areas of Ardabil to the elements involved in the emergence and realization of the main Islamic city? This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and applied in terms of purpose and its data has been collected both in the form of documents and field (citizens questionnaire). The statistical population of this research is the citizens of Ardabil. Using Cochran's sampling formula, 383 people were selected as the statistical sample of the study by stratified sampling method from five regions of Ardabil (proportional to the population of regions) and COPRAS model was used to analyze the data and it was found that each One of the urban areas of Ardabil has different ratios in terms of proximity and compatibility with the elements involved in the emergence of the original Islamic city In general, the position of Ardabil city in terms of compliance and proximity with the characteristics of the elements of the original Islamic city based on the COPRAS model and with an average (NJ 88.44) is a more appropriate situation.

The spatial structure of cities has changed a lot after technological changes and population growth and they have shifted from a monocentric compact city structure to an extended and scattered structure that poses many challenges and they have made human life and well-being difficult. Efforts to achieve a sustainable urban structure and form intensified after the second half of the twentieth century and solutions such as smart growth, urbanism, infill development, and a compact city are offered. Following the process of changing the structure of cities, the structure of polycentric city has become apparent in large cities. The formation of a polycentric structure in large cities is inevitable. Therefore, in order to increase sustainability in the urban form and achieve sustainable urban development, it is necessary to combine the polycentric city structure with previous approaches such as the compact city. The main purpose of the research is to explain theoretically the approach of polycentric compact city structure within the framework of urban planning theories. In this study, using the review method of studies related to urban sprawl, compact city and polycentric structure, the theoretical framework of combining compact and polycentric structures was explained. The research results suggest that a compact city with several indicators such as increasing density, strengthening public transport, increasing mixed land use, facilitating service delivery, reducing the distance between home and work, intensification and infill are proposed as the last structure to achieve sustainable urban development. Polycentric compact city approach takes advantage from the three structures of sprawl, compact city and polycentric city to achieve a sustainable city form

Architectural rupture and instability is a pattern of land management with disabilities and theoretical and operational shortcomings that the foundation of this kind of integrated and coordinating approach is always shaken with intensity and weakness. Considering the applicability of the objectives of the present paper, the analysis of effective inadequacies, clustering and analysis of the effects of each factor in the architecture of the planning model and land management policy of the present study is present. With this description, the strategic question is what are the shortcomings (factors) affecting the architecture of the land use planning and policy model? To answer the question, analytical methodology based on Delphi tools and interpretive-structural modeling has been used. The data collection tool and method is based on library method (research background analysis) and researcher-made questionnaire (cross-factor analysis of factors). For this purpose, based on the opinions of thematic experts (15 land management experts), it has been scored and analyzed using Mick Mac software. The results of the research have shown that among the components of "model architecture", "architectural implementation", "monitoring and evaluation" of planning and policy-making, "model architecture" as an intellectual and philosophical foundation with 74.1%, It has the most inadequacies. In addition, among the architectural components of the model, the "principles" dimension has the most inadequacies. Clustering, Analysis, and Distribution of Propellants reflects the fact that most key propulsions related to the components of "principles" and "framework" in terms of pattern architecture with 37% and 36%, respectively, and in the next categories of "pattern management" In terms of "architectural performance" with 27% has the most key highlights.

The spatial structure of cities is one of the effective elements of urban planning. In some Iranian cities, the spatial structure is organic. The structure of other cities has been shaped based on the requirements of the time, including economic, social, and religious requirements. Also, in some historical times, the structure of cities was highly influenced by government plans. Regarding the rapid changes in the cities and urban spaces in contemporary times, another form of urban space analysis – that is less addressed in classical studies - should be considered. Historical cities are the best choices for such an analysis. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to get familiar with the spatial structure of Isfahan, the influence of power, and the effect of power transformation on the transformation of the spatial structure of this city. This research, on the one hand, is conducted by interpretive-historical method, examining the historical evolution of the construction of Isfahan city and on the other hand by analytical-descriptive method and using tools such as document content analysis, field visits, and interviews. ArcGIS, Auto CAD, and Depth software map were the software used by the researchers. Also, Space Syntax technique was employed, using analytical maps and the concept of integration value. The results of this study show that the spatial structure of Isfahan from the Safavid period, which was formed by the planning of a powerful government, was transformed later by the transformation of power, and the main elements of the spatial structure still play a major role in the city and have a high degree of integration value.