نشریه مطالعات امنیت اقتصادی
پیاپی 4 (تابستان 1400)

"National security" is one of the issues that have received special significance in Islam. As the Holy Prophet (PBUH) says: "there is no goodness in idle speech, vision without experiment, unhealthy life, and the home country without security and happiness" (Sheikh Saduq, 1413 AH: vol. 4, p. 369). It can be asserted that affairs, on which the security of the people and the government depend, are specific requirements and accepted by all rationales, which are "economic, military, political and cultural power." What we are seeking for is the connection between national security and the "obligation to fight the arrogant" in the Shiite political school, which is a religious jurisprudence ruling. How to achieve comprehensive security in these areas considering such a ruling in Islamic governance is one of the issues that need to be investigated. Especially since the fighting against the hegemons imposes great costs on the nation and the government. In addition, the obligation to stand against with them, as will be examined, is absolute from the jurisprudence point of view, and the requirements of time and place cannot bind this ruling. Therefore, in this article, we seek to answer three questions. First, what is national security? Second, what are the jurisprudential bases of fighting with arrogance and its application? Third, given the costs that resistance to extravagance imposes on Muslims, through performing this duty how can we achieve to economic security on the one hand, and economic interests on the other hand. This article is based on inferential method and analysis of available resources. The results show that de arrogance will ultimately lead to comprehensive national security.

Sustainable economic growth and development is one of the main economic goals of countries. Achieving this basic goal requires comprehensive planning, the use of appropriate tools and the adoption of coordinated and adaptive policies in various economic sectors. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of value added of various economic sectors on the growth of GDP during the Fifth Development Plan (2011-2016). The research model has been estimated using the panel data technique and a descriptive and analytical method has been used for the share of provinces in GDP. The results of applying econometric models using panel data show that the growth of sectors in the period has a positive and significant effect on GDP growth. As can be seen, the service sector has the largest share in GDP growth. Since most job opportunities in the service sector are based more on human capital and labor force than physical capital, the productivity in this sector increases at a very low rate compared to the other two sectors, and this will cause the cost price of services to increase higher than agriculture and industry, and this increases the share of that sector compared to other sectors of GDP. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to this sector to increase employment.

Sustainable economic growth and development is one of the main economic goals of countries. Achieving this basic goal requires comprehensive planning, the use of appropriate tools and the adoption of coordinated and adaptive policies in various economic sectors. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of value added of various economic sectors on the growth of GDP during the Fifth Development Plan (2011-2016). The research model has been estimated using the panel data technique and a descriptive and analytical method has been used for the share of provinces in GDP. The results of applying econometric models using panel data show that the growth of sectors in the period has a positive and significant effect on GDP growth. The value added impact of economic sectors of agriculture, industry, services and oil was 0.08, 0.26, 0.51 and 0.17, respectively. As can be seen, the service sector has the largest share in GDP growth. The share of provinces in GDP shows that 5 provinces of Tehran (22.3%), Khuzestan (15.9%), Isfahan (5.5%), Bushehr (5.4) Percent) and Khorasan Razavi (5 percent) account for about 54 percent of GDP. Also, the share of provinces in GDP without oil shows that 5 provinces of Tehran (27%), Isfahan (7%), Khorasan Razavi (6.1%), Fars (5.5%) and Khuzestan (5.3%) about 51% of They account for non-oil GDP.

The Islamic Revolution of Iran was the founder of a fundamental change in the material and spiritual life of human beings in the modern era. The People's Revolution of 1978 in Iran, in addition to transform the political system, challenged the basics, principles, and ideals in the world and claimed a distinct model of governance and social life. Until a few years ago, there was no coherent model for explaining and presenting new ideas and horizons of the Islamic Revolution. The formulating of the Islamic - Iranian model of progress document was a progressive step towards filling this gap. However, this document has a significant distance from a comprehensive, efficient, achievable plan derived from the Islamic humanities. The main concern of this research is to review, critique and present suggestions to address the shortcomings of the basic Islamic-Iranian model of progress in the field of foreign policy from the perspective of passive defense. The significance of this issue is that the realization of the Iranian Islamic model of progress and achieving its measures in the 50-year horizon depends on maintaining the existence and survival of the Islamic Republic and its resistance to the threats and actions of foreign enemies. The main question of this research is what are the shortcomings of the Islamic - Iranian model of progress in the field of politics from the perspective of passive defense? The method of data collection and analysis in this research is library and descriptive-analytical, respectively. In this research, the clauses related to foreign policy in Islamic - Iranian Model of Progress are reviewed from the perspective of passive defense, and finally, alternative proposals for each clause are presented. The final conclusion of this study is that the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of the Islamic - Iranian Model of Progress in the field of foreign policy requires special attention to the three main categories of "continuous monitoring and evaluation of motives, capabilities and threats from enemy activities and actions." "Preparing for the enemy by deterring possible enemy actions" as well as "planning to play an effective role in the international system and change the world order."

In different communities, the characteristics of population have influenced the sovereignty and security, and functions as an important factor. Just as the size of the young population in terms of age and type of activity can provide workforce for the country, or the size of the elderly population can have a large financial burden to maintain them, demographic characteristics such as level of education and skills and the like -which are mentioned in the context of human capital- can also have positive and negative effects on society. Since population is one of the important factors in national sovereignty and security, the present study examines the relationship between population and national sovereignty using descriptive and analytical methods in the context of demographic changes in Iran. According to the findings of the research, currently Iran with a population of 78 million people is considered a regional and a global middle power. However, due to the gradual decline in total fertility rate in Iran, there is concern that Iran will experience negative population growth, resulting to an elderly population, which is arguably a danger to Iran's power and security in the region.

Due to the rapid growth of the field of information and communication technology, this sector has become one of the potentially vulnerable and dangerous platforms, which confirms the growing importance of passive defense in this field. In this regard, the document of the Islamic-Iranian model of progress as a roadmap for the next 50 years of our country, should be able to provide a clear picture of the desired future of Iran in this area as one of its key parts. Therefore, the present study seeks to document the issues related to information technology in this document by cutting the passive defense in order to pave the way for policy makers. The results of this study showed that this document has not been able to address it at all, considering the importance and challenges facing this field, so that only in its policy number 19 it has made a vague reference to this section, which is due to the cyber threats which will seriously endanger the Iranian Islamic civilization and requires a very serious consideration. Finally, according to the analysis, three measures to fill the gaps are proposed.