فصلنامه مدیریت بحران و وضعیت های اضطراری
پیاپی 42 (پاییز 1400)

Due to its geographical, historical, structural and inherent conditions, Iran includes all kinds of social, ethnic, and religious gaps and differences, so the tangible presence of various ethnicities, minorities, strata and subcultures in all kinds crate distinctions, differences and divisions. Aimed at investigating ethnic pressures in critical situations using a factor-based research method based on a draft plan,  the conditions and factors affecting the situation can be described. Each of the existing institutions that had internal relations and interactive structures, new features and rules for ethnicity were identified and theoretically examined. The findings of this study showed that among the various factors cannot ignore the effect of ethnic policies by different governments in Ethnic groups and the central government or the acceptance of the established system by the ethnic groups. In fact, whenever governments were able to hegemonic their ethnic policies, there would undoubtedly be a positive will among the tribes to maintain an established political system and a sense of belonging to national identity and solidarity that would lead to national solidarity.

This article has been conducted with the aim of examining the opponent's tactics for shaping urban disturbances in November 2017 and is among the conclusive research that has been done by descriptive survey method. The statistical population consists of all commanders, officials and experts with sufficient knowledge of crisis management, urban riots and riots and incidents in November 1398 and the statistical sample is 30 commanders, officials of security brigades, IRGC intelligence organization, Basij Mostazafin organization, Sarallah base in Tehran that have been selected by census method. After designing the questionnaire and assessing its validity, the questionnaire was administered to the target population and analyzed by SPSS software and the results were counted.The results  of the troublemakers tactics in November 2017 showed that the rioters used two sets of psychological and field operations tactics to achieve their goals in November 2017 to the same extent. Of course, in November 2017, the rioters used field tactics with an average of 4.11 more than the tactics of psychological operations. Also, psychological operation tactics with an average of 3.94, have a lower average than field tactics. Based on the findings of this article, it seems that the field tactics of the troublemakers are more important than the tactics of their psychological operations. Therefore, paying attention to the opponent's field tactics in the scene of disturbances along with the tactics of psychological operations should be considered by the security organizations to control the disturbances

The increasing tendency to study social crises and the effort to provide a model for efficient crisis management has led to the production of numerous and diverse analyzes in this field. The fundamental questions in this area are what are crises, how do they arise, why do they arise and spread rapidly, and how can they be managed? But most of the answers to these kinds of questions are in the form of Western and non-religious discourse. The present study aims to define the lexical and idiomatic crisis and study the common principles and models of crisis management, in the form of a case study, the jihadist management life of Prophets Noah, Moses and the Holy Prophet of Islam in the face of social crises to study and answer the question; what were the principles of crisis management of these divine prophets? And how did they control and direct the crisis in a jihadist approach? For this purpose, he examined verses from the Holy Quran that express the occurrence of social crises among the people of Noah (PBUH), MOSES (PBUH) and Muhammad (PBUH) and selected the principles that he used to manage the crisis and in the form of a process it has analyzed and discussed the three stages of crisis formation. Finally, after extracting the principles of jihadi crisis management, he has obtained twelve principles of crisis management, which he has presented in the form of a rotational model of crisis management. The most important of these principles are: anticipation and preparedness, prevention, rapid response, containment, elimination of critical factors,  and study of the crisis and its reconstruction

Due to the growing population of urban areas and increasing demand for business spaces, and as a result of the high value of land in urban areas, we are observing the rapid development of high-ranking, in terms of number as well as height. Consolidation of scattered and heterogeneous organizational buildings into a centralized office building, in addition to increasing land use productivity, preventing the horizontal expansion of the city, and reducing the costs associated with building and maintaining buildings, improve people's competitiveness. And effectiveness in their careers will help. The purpose of this study is to investigate high-rise office buildings according to the IDS 402 crisis management standard. It is discussed that using TOPSIS method, research priorities were ranked and finally, based on the research findings, a continuity plan was presented for employees in the field of crisis management. It is hoped that the findings of this study, in addition to providing a study basis for field research, provide the necessary theoretical support to promote the attitude of planners and designers in this field.

In a society, challenges, unrest, and crises due to their dynamic nature can appear in different forms and confront community managers with a range of challenging options in the field of decision making. These crises are often in a hierarchical order that begins with social unrest and ends with political crises after political crises. Some researchers believe that in order to be considered security issues, they must be defined as an existential threat.The results of various studies show that the security of social unrest in different societies is not the same and is influenced by macro variables such as the ruling political system, security culture and tolerance thresholds of governments and is basically a complex practice It is the political and security of the country. The main question of this research is what factors cause the security of crises and social unrest? Findings and results of this study show the causes and factors such as: type of crisis and its characteristics, effective actors in the crisis, the severity of the threats posed by the crisis, the geographical context of the crisis, the rate of violent encounters in the crisis, multiplicity and diversity. Challenging issues, structural variables, crisis management methods, and the level of environmental turbulence can make social crises secure. In this article, an attempt has been made to analyze the dimensions, causes and variables affecting the security of social unrest. This research is applied in terms of type and has been prepared by descriptive-analytical method.

Iran is one of the countries that experience earthquakes in the corners of their homeland annually. The earthquake of March 92 in Bushehr province was one of the earthquakes that despite of the small size of the city and the low level of construction, there were many problems in the reconstruction. Although, there was a public exposure to these problems, it has not been dealt with anywhere. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the performance of post-earthquake reconstruction officials in order to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of reconstruction by measuring the satisfaction of the injured. The purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the level of satisfaction of the people of Shonbeh town with the reconstruction of their homes after the completion of the reconstruction. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, survey type and quantitative. In this regard, a questionnaire was designed and verified through a division between a numbers of university professors and then 240 people were selected as the sample size through the Cochran formula. The result of the research shows that the people of Bushehr did not agree with any of the reconstruction examples of the level of participation, the sense of responsibility of the staff of the headquarters and the physical reconstruction and their satisfaction was lower than the average. This indicates the failure of the authorities to rebuild the city in carrying out its duties