Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran
Volume:32 Issue: 4, Autumn 2021

Marrubium and Ballota are known to be important medicinal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Their aerial parts have been widely used in traditional medicine. The present study, for the first time, aimed to investigate flavonoid constituents and chromatographic pattern of the methanolic extract of leaf from Marrubium and Ballota species. The technique was performed on High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-Micromass Quattro micro Atmospheric Pressure Ionization (API)  Mass Spectrometer in six taxa. A total of 59 chemical compounds were recognized, among which 49 flavonoids, three polyphenols, and one methoxyphenol were identified. In addition, five chemical groups were recognized in Marrubium and Ballota species. It is noteworthy that Marrubium and Ballota species provide a major source of apigenin, kaempferol, and quercetin glycosides. The flavonoid compounds, such as licoricidin, sophoraflavanone G, and methyl robustone were highly frequent considering qualitative markers for the genus Marrubium. Despite the striking similarity between Marrubium and Ballota species, they were accurately separated using chemical markers, particularly the mass (MS/MS) spectra of flavonoid compounds, which can develop the functional products and pharmaceutical, chemotaxonomic, and chemo diversity purposes for Marrubium and Ballota genera.

In this study, we used a simple green method for preparing tellurium nanoparticles and mainly evaluated their toxicological effects. The nanoparticles were synthesized using lactose and characterized with different instrumentation methods. The in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of tellurium nanoparticles and its effect on lipid profile were also evaluated. Hydroxyl-capped tellurium nanoparticles were successfully fabricated by lactose. The results showed spherical tellurium nanoparticles with a mean size of 89 nm. The toxicological study showed that the tellurium nanoparticles did not exhibit any toxicity on the primary cells. The LD50 values for the nanoparticles were 327 and 295 mg/kg for oral and intraperitoneal administrations, respectively. Also, the results showed a significant reduction in liver enzymes at the 16, 24, and 40 mg/kg doses. Hematological parameters indicated no significant suppressive changes between the animals that were administered tellurium nanoparticles and the control group. In addition, the effects of tellurium nanoparticles on hypercholesterolemic risk factors in mice fed with cholesterol demonstrated the depletion of triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein. This study showed that the toxicity of tellurium nanoparticles was lower than tellurium ions. Furthermore, tellurium nanoparticles decreased the cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the animal model.

The Lar igneous suite (LIS), in southeastern Iran, is part of post collisional alkaline magmatism in Sistan suture zone. Shonkinite and kersantite are the only two high-Mg, K-rich olivine bearing rocks in the LIS. We study major and some compatible trace elements in the Lar shonkinite and kersantite (LSK) olivines to define mantle mineralogy and metasomatic processes. Olivines in shonkinite have higher Fo (83-90), compared with those in kersantite (Fo76-80). Ca and Ni contents in the olivines are relatively low, whereas their Mn and Ti contents are high and variable, respectively. Low Ni contents exhibit olivine crystallization at igneous conditions from a magma originated by partial melting of an olivine-rich mantle source. Geochemical date reveal that magma evolution is responsible for high-Mn and low Fo contents in kersantitic olivines. In contrast, high Mn, Mn/Fe and Fo contents in shonkinitic olivines indicate an existence of Mn-rich and Ca-Si-poor metasomatic agents in the source. So, considering the Middle Oligocene-Miocene post-collision nature of the Lar igneous suite, melts or fluids derived from upwelling asthenosphere in the form of magnesitic-carbonatite melts, had great potential in metasomatism of subcontinental lithospheric mantle. This CO2 and K-rich liquid then reacts with peridotite to produce new mineral assemblages including low-Ca clinopyroxene, olivine and phlogopite. Partial melting of such metasomatized source region was responsible for producing the undersaturated, K-rich shonkinite and kersantite in the LIS.

Let  be a commutative (not necessary unital) inverse semigroup with the set of idempotents  ‎then  is a commutative Banach‎ -module with canonical actions‎. ‎Recently‎, ‎it is shown that the triangular Banach algebra‎is -weakly -module amenable‎, ‎provided that  and  is unital or  satisfies condition  for some ‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we show that  is -weakly -module amenable‎, ‎without any additional conditions on  and , ‎if  is a certain quotient space of .

In this article, a new proper and favorite stress-strength parameter has been introduced. The maximum likelihood and uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators of the purposed parameter have been derived for the Exponential distribution. Moreover, the nonparametric estimator of this parameter has also been obtained as well as some important properties of this estimator. A simulation study and the analysis of a real data set have been done for illustrative purposes.

We study entanglement in coherent spin states and several superpositions of multi-qutrit coherent states evolved under the one-axis counter-twisting Hamiltonian in the presence and absence of a magnetic field. Considering a non-entangled multi-qutrit spin coherent state as an initial one, it is found that the entanglement is instigated with an oscillatory behavior in time; however, its average is a decreasing function of the magnetic field. Also, we observe that under this Hamiltonian, the two-qutrit superposed state retains its maximum entanglement with no change, while, the negativity for the three-qutrit superposed state oscillates in time and its average increases in the presence of the magnetic field.