نشریه فرهنگ ایلام
پیاپی 70-71 (بهار و تابستان 1400)

In Ilam province (west Iran) about 45 percent of marriages are consanguineous marriages. Consanguinity is an important risk factor in genetic diseases. Positive attitude toward consanguinity has very important impact on frequency of consanguineous marriages. The study aimed to explore the attitudes towards consanguineous marriage and its associations with some socio-demographic characteristics in a sample of Iranian adults living in Ilam province. It was a survey study using a self-administered questionnaire which distributed by Instagram. A key question was used for measuring attitude towards supporting consanguineous marriage in Iran, in the form of "Are you a supporter of consanguineous marriages in Iran?" with the answer of "yes" or "no". A total of 476 participants which completed the questionnaire were included in the study. In order to study the correlation of gender, place of living, marital status, economic status, educational level and parental consanguineous marriages with the positive attitude toward consanguinity, we used multivariable logistic regression analysis. Our present results indicated that males versus females, married versus unmarried, and participants whom were offspring of consanguineous marriages versus to whom that their parents had non-consanguineous marriages had significantly more positive attitude towards consanguinity.

The aim of this research article is to investigate the role of virtual social networks on the family values ​​of high school students in Ilam. The statistical population is all first and second grade high school students in Ilam. The sample size was 377 based on Cochran sampling method. The method used was survey and the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire.The general results of the research showed that between the independent variables of the research (duration of activity, intimacy, interactive space of social networks, membership of users in virtual social networks, content of social networks, economic community status, anonymity in virtual social networks And age). There is a significant relationship between students' family values. The results of standardized regression coefficients show, respectively, the variables of intimacy in social networks (-0.32), anonymity (-0.18), duration of activity in social networks (-0.17), space of the interaction of social networks (-0.15), age (-0.1) and socio-economic status (-0.09) has the greatest impact on changes in family values. These variables explain about 38.2% of changes in family values.

Economists and other humanities scholars have provided extensive evidence that educating people is more productive and thus increasing their income. Education also provides non-financial benefits, including improved health and social integration. Per capita general education budget, per capita income, expenditure on education, and the number of teachers is the main inputs explaining the production of education. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting the education function in terms of economic and social functions is important and necessary for policymakers. The purpose of this study was to estimate the production function of education (primary and secondary) in Ilam province during the period 2003-2019. The methodology of this paper was based on estimating the production function using econometric methods and multiple regression techniques. The results of this study showed that among the 7 variables used in the function of education production for Ilam province, 5 variables of household education expenditures, teacher to student ratio, number of schools, per capita income and provincial price index are the main determinants. Education coverage rates. The two variables of provincial development expenditures and the ratio of scholars to population were not among the determinants of educational coverage in Ilam province.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence of managers on employee performance with the mediating role of work ethics. This research is an applied one in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of data collection method. The main tools of this study are standard questionnaires used to measure spiritual intelligence from King Questionnaire (2008), to measure emotional intelligence from Gelman Questionnaire (1995), to measure work ethics from Petty Questionnaire (1990) and to measure employees performance from Questionnaire Hershey et al. (1981). The statistical population of this study includes all managers and employees of governmental organizations in Ilam province in the number of 28 thousand 997 people, using the Cochran's formula 378 people were selected as a sample. The developed hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling method and Smart PLS software. Findings indicate that the spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence of managers have a positive and significant effect on employee performance; it was also found that the effect of work ethics on employees performance is direct, meaningful and positive, and managers' emotional and spiritual intelligence has a positive and significant effect on employees performance through the mediating variable of work ethic.

Jalil-e-Safarbeigi is an active and capable Ilami poet who is mostly known as a modernist and creative poet for Iranian contemporary literary figures with quatrains and has been able to communicate well with his adressees in this format. One of the important aspects and characteristics of Safarbeigi's poetry is the use of irony. Any study of his irony will provide the reader with necessary and valuable data. The importance of zero-sum humor is not only in its humorous aspect, but also it includes many social events.In this article, in order to study irony in his quatrains - ten collections - have been examined, satirical evidences have been extracted, and they have been categorized and analyzed thematically.The findings indicate that there are 34 cases of social satire, 32 cases of personal satire, 19 cases of religious satire and 20 cases of philosophical satire in zero-verse quatrains, and this clearly indicates the poet's special attention to social satire (poverty, suicide, apathy). He has been able to use humor as an artistic technique to express his artistic and social goals, and he has used every opportunity to create humor and humorous and sometimes biting ironies.

Changing the age pattern of marriage and its rise, along with its consequences at individual, familial and social levels, has become one of the most important social issues in recent decades. This study investigates the effective factors in changing the patterns governing the age of marriage of villagers in Ilam city. The present study is of applied type and in terms of method, survey and descriptive level. The statistical population of the present study included all men and women in the age group of 18-40 years in the villages of Ilam city. A sample size of 375 people was selected through Morgan table. In this study multi-stage cluster sampling was used. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information for this study; its validity was measured by content validity and the reliability was calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistical indicators used are: frequency tables, percentage, mean, standard deviation to make the results more objective; on the other hand, in order to prove or disprove the research hypotheses, Pearson correlation method was used. Findings showed that the components of people's expectations, marriage phobia due to the presence of social anomalies, family decision-making power, modernity and materialism, access to spouses, continuing education and youth psychological status have an impact on youth marriage age changes. The extracted findings indicate that increasing the age of marriage as well as the tendency to live single and turning away from marriage as a problem and social harm has an increasing trend in society that planners and officials need to pay attention to this important issue.

A large number of people from Poshtekooh Ilam immigrated to Iraq during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods. They are referred to as "Feili Kurds". At various times, they sought to return to their homeland by sending petitions to the Iranian authorities and appointing lawyers and numerous references to the Iranian consulates and embassies in Iraq. Some of the rulers of Poshtekooh and Iranian officials also sought to return this group of immigrants to Iran; therefore, the issue of the present article is: What measures did the elders of the immigrants and the Iranian officials take to bring them back, and to what extent have these measures been effective? The data of the study were collected and analyzed using archival documents and library resources.Despite the fact that the part of Poshtekooh immigrants who remained on their Iranian citizenship asked the Iranian authorities to remove the obstacles to their migration in Poshtekooh area so that they could return to their homeland without fear, what happened in practice was that the rulers and officials of the central government of Iran took limited measures to repatriate this group of immigrants; hence, they and their survivors remained in Iraq until the Ba'ath party expelled many of them to Iran in a very pathetic situation in several stages.

Work culture can be considered as a set of common and accepted values, beliefs and knowledge of individuals about activities aimed at producing or creating added value. Work culture is a very important issue which, if improved and internalized, can create many positive social effects for citizens and society. The present study was conducted with the aim of phenomenology of work culture among the youth of Ilam province. The target population of the study included all youth in Ilam province and the number of informants based on the theoretical saturation criterion were 50 people. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and the 7-step Colaizzi method to data analysis. The results showed that the work culture of Ilam youth is relatively good, so that in addition to the background of holiness, importance and value of work and effort in Ilam culture, today in the minds of Ilam youth; work is a necessary and very important factor for themselves, family and society. However, this situation is under-effect by various factors, the most important of which are: weak economic strength of youth, lack of adequate financial support or support of economic and welfare institutions for work and entrepreneurship, weak institutional and organizational infrastructure, weak public culture, family attitude unsuitable for work, and center-perimeter cultural hegemony. Finally, according to the research results, policy proposals to improve the work culture of Ilam youth are presented.