نشریه روان پرستاری
سال نهم شماره 5 (پیاپی 47، آذر و دی 1400)

Sexual fantasies are deliberate mental images that have erotic or stimulating content, originating from one’s past experience or sexual activities’ desire. Besides, sexual fantasies are worldwide experienced, and focusing on them and experiencing them affect one’s sexual behavior.  Because sexual fantasies have an individual nature, Research work on it as a standard tool in clinical trials has received less attention. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Wilson Sexual Fantasy Questionnaire (WSFQ).

 This study was standardization research. The research was operated in Mashhad from June till August 2020. Participants in the study of men and women aged 20-55 years were chosen by accessible sampling method and the research tool was the Wilson Sexual Fantasy Questionnaire. In this study, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire including confirmatory factor analysis, validity, reliability, and internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity were assessed and evaluated.

 The results obtained in the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the reliability coefficient of Cronbach's alpha was 0.97. It can be concluded that the tool for measuring Wilson's sexual fantasies has good reliability (internal consistency). Also, the CR value was higher than 0.7, which indicates the desired and acceptable combination reliability. Factor loads of all components and all items related to Wilson's sexual fantasies variable were significant and desirable except for one item. In the convergent narrative, the scores of sexual quality of life had a positive and significant correlation with the score of intimacy-related fantasy in fantasy situations that happened in reality and fantasy that we would like to happen in reality (p <0.05).

 As the findings showed, the Wilson Sexual Fantasy Questionnaire had good validity and reliability. Also in the field of convergent and divergent validity, favorable results were obtained between subscales and the scale of quality of sexual life in individuals, which confirms the reliability and reliability of this questionnaire.

Diabetes disease as one major problem of the health system in the world is a one metabolic and chronic disease that adolescents with it face many psychological, emotional and social problems and disorders. As a result, present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of encouragement education on diabetic quality of life and emotional behavioral disorders in adolescents with diabetes.

This research was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and two-month follow-up design with control group. The research population was adolescents with diabetes of members of the Tehran Diabetes Association in 2019 year. Among them 30 diabetic adolescents were selected by simple random sampling method and randomly replaced in two equal groups. The experimental group underwent encouragement education for 10 sessions of 45 minutes and the control group did not receive any training. The research instruments were the Burroughs and et al diabetic quality of life brief inventory (2004) and Achenbach and Rescorla emotional behavioral disorders scale (2001). Data were analyzed by chi-square, repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test in the SPSS-21 software version.

The findings showed that the encouragement education led to increased diabetic quality of life (F=21.02, P<0.001) and decreased internalizing emotional behavioral disorders (F=25.68, P<0.001) in adolescents with diabetes, but had no significant effect on their externalizing emotional behavioral disorders (F=3.17, P=0.071). In addition, the effectiveness of encouragement education remained in the follow-up phase on increasing diabetic quality of life (F=33.28, P<0.001) and decreasing internalizing emotional behavioral disorders (F=49.59, P<0.001) and lack of effect on externalizing emotional behavioral disorders (F=2.35, P=0.094) in adolescents with diabetes.

Regarded to the results, health professionals and therapists can use the method of encouragement education along with other educational methods to improve health-related psychological characteristics, especially increase diabetic quality of life and decrease internalizing disorders.

The high prevalence of emotional eating in obese women indicates the importance of the role of emotional eating in their weight gain. The aim of the present study is to explain the role of emotional eating in the lived experiences of young obese Iranian women.

This study was performed by qualitative method with hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Participants in this study were 17 young women living in Kermanshah or Karaj. These participants had emotional eating and a body mass index of 30 or higher. They were selected using purposive sampling method with maximum diversity approach. Data were collected through in-depth individual and face- to- face interviews and analyzed using the seven-step method of  Dickelman et al.

In the analysis of participants' lived experiences; A major theme called the " compromising role "  was revealed, which showed. Emotional eating plays a compromising role in coping with life's sufferings and problems. This theme was formed by 9 sub themes, which are: avoiding of negative thoughts and emotions, relaxing negative emotions, relieving emotional hunger, symbol of self-compassion, invigorating role, healing role, in shelter of eating,  companion of feeling lonely, in search of food security.

The results of this study identified the instantaneous and transient functions that emotional eating had in the lives of participants. These functions in the formation of a cyclical pattern of behavior, namely; Frequent emotional eating, the main consequence of which is weight gain, play a key role and hinder the effectiveness of weight loss programs.

 Stress tolerance and the existence of a level of physical and genetic vulnerability make a person more susceptible to psychosomatic disorders. One of the psychosomatic disorders that is closely related to stress and psychological pressures is a headache. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the activity of behavioral brain systems and resilience with an emphasis on the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs and cognitive regulation of emotion.

  This study which was a descriptive-correlational research method based on path analysis, 292 patients with headache, who from the beginning of 2018 to 2019 to specialized clinics and offices of neurologists and clinical psychologists of the city of Mashhad, were selected by random sampling method and available Participants were assessed through research assessment tools including Jackson behavioral brain systems, Persian Version Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale, Connor and Davidson (2003) Resilience Questionnaire. The data were then analyzed using structural regression equations, based on SPSS22 software.

 the results of this study showed that the behavioral inhibition system and the behavioral activation system on Resilience has an impact factor of -0.883 (non-standardized) - -5.529 and 1.79With 95 % confidence, it can be said that the Behavioral activation system and behavioral inhibition system It has a direct effect on resilience. The findings also showed that cognitive regulation of emotion as a variable between the behavioral brain system and resilience was significant only in the component, BAS. In the BIS component, it was not significant.

 According to the results of the present study, there is a positive and significant relationship between the behavioral inhibition system and cognitive regulation of emotion and tension headache. However, no significant relationship was found between resilience and the two components of inhibition and behavioral activation. Therefore, according to the results of the present study, it can be said that in general, there is a significant relationship between behavioral brain system and resilience with an emphasis on the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in patients with tension headaches.

Decision-making styles in adolescence are of particular importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between parent-child relationship and decision-making styles.

The present study was descriptive-correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study included high school students in Tehran in the academic year 1399-1400. 723 people were selected by simple random cluster sampling and were asked to answer the questionnaires electronically. Data collection tools included decision-making styles questionnaire, parent-child relationship pattern questionnaire and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire.

The results showed that avoidant decision-making style (0.19) and instantaneous (0.18) with security-oriented parent-child relationship model and avoidance decision-making style (0.24) with the pattern of freedom-oriented parent-child relationship had a significant positive correlation at the level of 0.01. Cognitive emotion regulation also mediated the relationship between parent-child relationship and decision-making styles (P <0.01). The fit indices also indicated the proper fit of the model.

Based on the results of this study, professionals working in the field of adolescents can improve the decision-making style in these people to improve the patterns of parent-child relationship and emotion regulation.

 Delirium is associated with increased length of hospital stay, mechanical ventilation, self-extubation, and mortality. Early diagnosis of delirium leads promotes rapid management of the treatment process and prevents disease progression. To increase the likelihood of delirium diagnosing, patients should be continuously evaluated by nurses based on an appropriate scale. This study aimed to translate and psychometric nursing delirium screening scale.

 After translating the scale into Persian, its face and content validity were checked. To determine the criterion validity, 150 patients were first evaluated by a physician based on DSM-5 criteria for delirium. Then, the nurse evaluated the patients with the NuDESC scale without knowing the physician's diagnosis. The sensitivity and specificity of the scale for delirium diagnosis were calculated. The scale construct validity was determined by factor analysis, reliability of the scale was determined by Cronbach's alpha, Guttman, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient.

 The total content validity ratio for the Persian version of the scale was 0.96 and the content validity index was 0.97. The ROC curve with an area under the curve 0.98 showed the high ability of the scale to delirium diagnosis. At the cut of points higher than 2, the sensitivity was 92.8% and its specificity was 91.7%. The internal correlation of the scale with Cronbach's alpha Coefficient was 0.99. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient with a value of 0.75 (CI; 0.70 - 0.80) showed the appropriate stability of scoring between evaluators.

 The Persian version of the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale has good validity and reliability for delirium diagnosis in intensive care unit patients.

 Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder in adults often occurs with problems related to executive functions such as working memory. The present study was conducted in 2016 to determine the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation training on the working memory of adults with ADHD.

 This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest-follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all students aged 20-40 years with ADHD in Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch in 2021. The sample consisted of 24 students who were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into two groups of experimental (n = 12) and control (n = 12). Research instruments including demographic questionnaire, hyperactivity rating scale with adult attention deficit Barclay (2011) and Wechsler memory test (1941) were used. Cognitive rehabilitation training consisted of 18 software training exercises and 12 manual exercises (pencil-paper) focusing on memory, attention, inhibition, and mind-reading, which were presented to the experimental group in 15 sessions of 45 minutes. The collected data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS (version 24) software.

 The results showed that cognitive rehabilitation training on working memory had a significant effect on verbal learning, visual memory, repetition of numbers, and logical memory in adults with ADHD with attention deficit in the experimental group compared to the control group (P <0.05).

 The results showed the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation training on the working memory of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, clinical psychologists and therapists can use cognitive rehabilitation along with other treatments to improve the working memory of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that plays a key role in reducing health and quality of life and patients suffering from it show high anxiety, poor self-care behaviors and low adherence to medical treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of integrated meta-diagnostic treatment and positive thinking skills training on adherence to treatment and coronavirus anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The present research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design (three groups) with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with type 2 diabetes who were members of the Diabetes Association referring to Health Center in Ahvaz in 1399, from which 45 people were selected using targeted sampling and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 people in each group) and one control group (15 people). Research data were collected using Adherence to Chronic Diseases Treatment Questionnaire of Modanloo and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale of Alipour, et al. The first experimental group underwent integrated meta-diagnostic treatment of Barlow et al. for 12 sessions of 60 minutes and the second experimental group was given eight 60-minute sessions of positive thinking skills training based on Seligman's theory, and the control group did not receive any psychological intervention. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance, analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test.

The results showed that both integrated meta-diagnostic treatment and positive thinking skills training improved treatment adherence and reduced coronavirus anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes (p<0.01). There was no difference between the two types of integrated meta-diagnostic treatment and positive thinking skills training regarding adherence to treatment and coronavirus anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that both treatments had a similar effect on improving adherence to treatment and reducing coronavirus anxiety in patients.

The results indicated the significant effect of integrated meta-diagnostic treatment and positive thinking skills training on improving adherence to treatment and reducing corona disease anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, psychologists and medical centers can use integrated meta-diagnostic treatment and positive thinking skills training to improve the condition of patients with diabetes.

Schizophrenia is the most debilitating psychiatric disorder in which the families of patients with schizophrenia play an important role in the care and recovery process. The aim of this study was to explain the lived experiences of families with schizophrenia.

This qualitative research was conducted using purposive sampling with 16 family members with patients with schizophrenia in 2020 in Gorgan (Iran). Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data until saturation was reached. Data analysis was performed using Van Menen's phenomenological approach. Ethical considerations were observed in human research.

From the data analysis, four main themes were extracted, including "drowning in the vortex of disease, trying to control life, wandering in the duality of care, to grin and bear with the disease."

The findings indicate that families are suffering, confused and neglected in society. So that despite the burden of patient care, they still try to overcome the problems. It is necessary to address the challenges of the family with a patient with schizophrenia in a deep and fundamental way so that more services can be provided to them with better planning and more equitable distribution of resources.

Studies show that various factors are effective in initiating and continuing substance use. Accordingly, the present study seeks to predict the craving of addicts under treatment based on family communication patterns, social support, resilience and perceived stress.

 The method used in this research is descriptive, correlational. A sample of 213 people were selected non-randomly from the community referring to substance abuse treatment centers in Ahvaz in 1398.To measure the research variables, participants were provided with Craving believes questionnaire, Family Communication Patterns (2002), Zimet Social Support (1988), Koerner Resilience (2003), and Cohen Perceived Stress (1983). Data extracted from the questionnaires were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis using SPSS24 software.

 Calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the craving to use drugs has a significant negative relationship with the family communication patterns with the orientation of dialogue, social support, and resilience. In other words, the craving to use drags decreases with decreasing the mentioned variables. Also, the calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the craving to use drugs with the family communication pattern with the orientation of conformity and perceived stress has a significant positive relationship, which indicates an increase in the craving to use drugs with the increase of these variables. multiple regression analysis using step-wise method revealed that the combination of four variables of conformity orientation, conversation orientation, resilience and social support explains and predicts 30% of the variance of craving to use drugs for the study participants.

 Addiction therapists such as physicians, nurses, and psychologists gain a better understanding of at-risk individuals by recognizing the increasing variables of craving, and reinforce the factors that protect individual against craving and relapse.

 Mindfulness has been introduced as an approach to relieving stress in the field of nursing and can support nurses’ transformational therapeutic interactions and turn their intellectual activities into real experiences. Therefore, in order to reduce depression and aggression in nurses, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction education on depression and aggression in nurses of psychiatric hospitals.

 The present study was a quasi-experimental type of pertest-posttest and a three-months follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included 635 nurses working in psychiatric hospitals in Tehran in 1398, three hospitals were randomly selected and from 73 people who had high scores of depression and aggression, 30 people were selected by voluntarily sampling and randomly assigned to 2 groups (experimental group and control group) of each group of 15 people. The experimental group received 8 sessions of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction training compared to the control group. The research tools were a Beck Depression II questionnaire and Bass and Perry Aggression questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25 and repeated measures using mixed analysis of variance.

 According to the results of this study, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of depression and aggression in the two levels of pre-test (19.83 and 78.33) and post-test (13.33 and 68.08) in the experimental group. While this difference in the scores of depression and aggression at two levels of pre-test (17.28 and 74.47) and post-test (16.80 and 73.73) was not observed in the control group. As a result, mindfulness-based stress reduction in depression and aggression of the participants in the experimental group, and this reduction remined relatively constant in the follow-up phase (p>0/05).

According to the results, mindfulness-based stress reduction training can reduce depression and aggression, which are indicators of mental health and can ultimately improve the mental health of nurses.